CN104207755B

CN104207755B - Wearable heart rate monitor

Info

Publication number: CN104207755B
Application number: CN201410243169.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谢尔顿·杰骄·袁; 洪廷旭
Original assignee: Fitbit LLC
Current assignee: Feibit Co ltd
Priority date: 2013-06-03
Filing date: 2014-06-03
Publication date: 2018-06-29
Anticipated expiration: 2034-06-03
Also published as: CN108742559B; CN108742559A; CN104207755A

Abstract

Some embodiments provide a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement comprising motion sensor and photoelectricity volume PPG sensors.The PPG sensors include：(i) periodical light source；(ii) photodetector；And (iii) determines the circuit of the heart rate of user from the output of the photodetector.Some embodiments provide to operate the heart rate monitor of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to measure the method for one or more characteristics of heartbeat waveform.Some embodiments provide the method for operating described device in low power state when the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement determines that described device is not worn by the user.Some embodiments provide the method for operating described device in normal power state when the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement determines that described device is worn by user.

Description

Wearable heart rate monitor

Technical field

Background technology

The concern of consumer recently of personal health has been caused to provide a variety of personal health monitoring arrangements on the market.Until Recently, these devices often use complexity and are usually designed for an activity, such as cycle touring computer.

The recent advances of sensor, electronic device and power supply miniaturization have allowed personal health monitoring arrangement (herein Also known as " biometric tracking " or " biometric monitoring " device) size carried with previous unpractical minimum size For.For example, Fitbit Ultra are about 2 inches long, 0.75 inch wide and 0.5 inch of depth biometric monitoring arrangement； It has pixellated display, battery, sensor, wireless communication ability, power supply and the interface button encapsulated in small volume herein, And the integrated intermediate plate for attaching the device to the other parts of pocket or clothes.

The present invention is provided to user movement and skin degree of approach activation HR monitors are based in a manner of having energy benefits Method and device.LED and photodetector the present invention also provides operation heart rate monitor are directed to such as the colour of skin not with obtaining The method accurately read for the heart rate worked out with user personality.

Invention content

The details of one or more embodiments of the subject matter described in this specification is illustrated in attached drawing and in being described below. Other feature, aspect and advantage will become apparent from the description, schema and claims.Note that the phase of figure below Size may be not necessarily drawn to scale, be unless specifically indicated the schema of bi-directional scaling.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of method for the heart rate monitor for operating wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, institute Wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is stated with multiple sensors comprising the heart rate monitor.The method is related to：(a) first The heart rate monitor is operated in pattern, while is also being configured to detect the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to the skin of user It is operated in the second mode of the close proximity of skin, wherein the first mode is configured to determine when the wearable body-building is supervised One or more characteristics of the heartbeat waveform of user when view apparatus is close proximity to the user；(b) it is received from the second mode The information of collection determines that the heart rate monitor is kept off in the skin of the user；And (c) is supervised in response to the determining heart rate Visual organ, which is kept off, in the skin of the user, terminates the operation of the heart rate monitor in the first mode.In some realities It applies in example, the heart rate monitor is optics heart rate monitor.In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor includes photoelectricity Volume sensor.In some embodiments, one or more described characteristics of the heartbeat waveform of the user include the user's Heart rate.

In some embodiments, operation (a) above is related to periodically operating the heart rate prison in the second mode Visual organ, while the heart rate monitor is constantly operated in the first mode.In some embodiments, operation (a) is related to The time of occurrence for operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode is no more than about 50%.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the second mode to be related to making the heart rate monitor In light source frequency is pulsed in a second mode, and with the light of the second mode frequency detecting from the light source；And The heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode and is related to making light source in heart rate monitor frequency arteries and veins in the first pattern It is dynamic, and with the light of the first mode frequency detecting from the light source.In some embodiments, the second mode frequency Rate is more than the first mode frequency.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the second mode to be related to making the cardiac monitor In light source pulsed with second frequency；Light from the light source is detected with the second frequency；And it determines with described second The just no intensity that there is the light of the instruction from the light source to have been interacted with the skin of the user of frequency detecting And/or pattern.In some embodiments, the light pulsation made in the second mode source is related to sending out a succession of smooth arteries and veins Punching, some other have constant intensity with variable intensity.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the second mode to be related to：It sends out with variable strong A succession of light pulse of degree；And it determines whether institute's detection light corresponding to the consecutive light pulse has and corresponds to the smooth arteries and veins The variable response of the variable intensity of punching.

In some embodiments, the revealed method for being used to operate the heart rate monitor is further to skin table Sign pattern operates the heart rate monitor, and the skin representation pattern is configured to determine to operate in the first mode At least one setting of the heart rate monitor.It operates and is related in the skin representation pattern：(i) by sending out with variable A succession of light pulse of intensity and the light source in the cardiac monitor is made to pulse；(ii) detection the pulsating with it is described Intensity, Strength Changes and/or the intensity mode of light after the skin interaction of user；And (iii) is detected from (ii) The intensity, Strength Changes and/or intensity mode determine the response characteristic of the skin of the user.In some embodiments, institute State method further to the response characteristic for the skin for using the user adjust the heart rate monitor gain and/or Luminous intensity is used to operate in the first mode.In some embodiments, the response characteristic depends on the user's The opacity of skin.In some embodiments, the consecutive light pulse sent out with variable intensity from (i) is used In the second mode and the skin representation pattern.In some embodiments, it is operated in the skin representation pattern The heart rate monitor is related to periodically operating the heart rate monitor, while constantly exist in the skin representation pattern The heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode.

In some embodiments, the multiple sensor of described device includes motion detection sensor.In some implementations In example, the motion detection sensor is included in accelerometer, magnetometer, altimeter, GPS detectors or these sensors The combination of any one.In some embodiments, it is related to for operating the disclosed method of heart rate monitor：From the motion detection The information that sensor is exported determines that the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is quiet up at least the defined period；And in response to It detects that the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is quiet up at least the defined period, performs operation (c) as described above.

In some embodiments, it is described for operate the method for heart rate monitor further to before (a) described When first mode does not operate：(i) it detects the movement of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement using motion detection sensor and/or leads to Cross the degree of approach that the heart rate monitor is operated in the third mode and detects skin of the heart rate monitor to the user； And (ii) originates the heart rate monitor when determining the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement close proximity to the user The operation of the first mode.

Above-described embodiment is related to detecting described device in non-wearing state, and subsequent embodiment is related in wearing state Detect described device.

Some embodiments provide a kind of method for the heart rate monitor for operating wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, described wearable Body-building monitoring arrangement has multiple sensors comprising the heart rate monitor and motion detection sensor.The method is related to： (a) movement of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is detected using the motion detection sensor；(b) in response to being examined in (a) The movement is measured, in the pendant for being configured to detect close proximity of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to the skin of user It wears and the heart rate monitor is operated in detection pattern；And (c) determined via the wearing detection pattern it is described wearable strong Body monitoring arrangement close to after the skin of the user, that is, be engraved in the heartbeat waveform for being configured to determine the user one or The heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode of multiple characteristics.In some embodiments, the appearance for wearing detection pattern Time is no more than about 50%.In some embodiments, when the heart rate monitor is not operated or operated in low-power mode, It performs (a).In some embodiments, operation (a) is related to detecting the output from the motion detection sensor, wherein described defeated Go out is more than to define threshold value.

In some embodiments, the method is further contained in before (a)：(i) institute is operated in the first mode Heart rate monitor is stated, while is also being configured to detect the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to the close of the skin of user It is operated in the second mode of degree；(ii) information collected from the second mode, determine the heart rate monitor keep off in The skin of the user；And (iii) terminates institute in response to determining that the heart rate monitor is kept off in the skin of the user State the operation of heart rate monitor in the first mode.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the wearing detection pattern to be related to supervising the heart rate Light source in visual organ is pulsed and with the wearing detection pattern frequency detecting with wearing detection pattern frequency from the light source Light.In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode to be related to making in the heart rate monitor The light source in the first pattern frequency pulsation and with the light of the first mode frequency detecting from the light source.One In a little embodiments, the wearing detection pattern frequency is more than the first mode frequency.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the wearing detection pattern to be related to：From with second Light source in the heart rate monitor in frequency and/or stage sends out light pulse；Detection come from the second frequency and/or The light of the light source in stage；And described in determining to detect under the second frequency and/or stage just it is no have refer to Show intensity and/or pattern that the light from the light source has interacted with the skin of the user.In some embodiments, from The light source sends out light pulse and is related to sending out a succession of light pulse with variable intensity.In some embodiments, the consecutive One in light pulse has than the two intensity at least 5 times big in the consecutive light pulse.In some embodiments, The consecutive light pulse includes the first group pulse with the intensity that variable response is provided when being interacted with light skin, and described Consecutive light pulse is also included in the second group pulse of the intensity that variable response is provided when being interacted with dark skin.In some embodiments In, it operates the heart rate monitor in the wearing detection pattern and is related to：Send out a succession of light pulse with variable intensity； And determine whether institute's detection light corresponding to the consecutive light pulse has the variable intensity corresponding to the light pulse Variable response.

In some embodiments, the method for the heart rate monitor of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement of operation further relates to And：The information exported from the motion detection sensor determines that the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is quiet up at least institute circle Fixed cycle；And in response to detecting that the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is quiet up at least the defined period, to the dress Put power-off.

The method that some embodiments of the present invention provide the skin properties for the determining user for wearing body-building monitoring arrangement. Some embodiments provide for adjust the body-building monitoring arrangement heart rate monitor operation method.Some embodiments provide A kind of heart rate monitor for operating wearable body-building monitoring arrangement operates at least one setting of the heart rate monitor to adjust Method.The operation of the heart rate monitor is related to：(a) by sending out a succession of light pulse to make in skin representation pattern State the light source pulsation in cardiac monitor, at least some variable intensities having relative to each other of the light pulse；(b) detection exists The light interacted with the skin of the user after from the light of the light pulse sent out in the skin representation pattern Strength Changes；(c) Strength Changes of the light detected from (b) determine the response characteristic of the skin of the user；With And (d) using the response characteristic adjustment of the skin of the user for detecting the one or more of the heartbeat waveform of the user The gain of the heart rate monitor operated in the first mode of a characteristic and/or light emitting intensity.

In some embodiments of the method, the response characteristic depends on the opacity of the skin of the user. In some embodiments, it operates in the first mode and operation is to be performed simultaneously in the skin representation pattern.One In a little embodiments, while operate and operated in the skin representation pattern in the first mode and be related to periodically determining The response characteristic of the skin of the user, while constantly operate in the first mode.In some embodiments, the skin The time of occurrence of skin representation pattern is no more than about 50%.

In some embodiments, in the first mode operation be related to making the light source in the heart rate monitor with First frequency pulses and comes from institute after the light interacts with the skin of the user with first frequency detection State the light of light source.In some embodiments, operation is related to making the institute in the heart rate monitor in the skin representation pattern Light source is stated to pulse with second frequency and detect the light from the light source with the second frequency.In some embodiments, institute Second frequency is stated more than the first frequency.

In some embodiments, determine that the operation of the response characteristic of the skin of the user is related to determining with described the The strength level and/or pattern for two or more light pulses that two frequency detectings arrive.In some embodiments, the consecutive Light pulse includes some light pulses with variable intensity and other light pulses with constant intensity.

In some embodiments, the consecutive light pulse includes at least two light pulses with variable intensity.At some In embodiment, the consecutive light pulse includes at least four light pulses with variable intensity.In some embodiments, described The consecutive light pulse sent out in skin representation pattern includes at least two light pulses with variable intensity.In (c) really The operation of the response characteristic of the skin of the fixed user is related to determining the light of the light pulse from detecting in (b) Strength Changes function or characteristic.The functions of the Strength Changes or characteristic is adjusting the institute operated in the first mode State the response characteristic of the gain of heart rate monitor and/or the skin of the user of light emitting intensity.

In some embodiments, it determines the function or the light pulse that characteristic is related to detecting from (b) determines light Strength Changes slope.

In some embodiments, the gain and/or light emitting intensity for adjusting the heart rate monitor are used for described first Operation is related to reducing emissive porwer in pattern.

In some embodiments, the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement includes motion detection sensor.In some embodiments In, the motion detection sensor includes accelerometer, magnetometer, altimeter, GPS detectors, gyroscope or these sensors Any one of combination.

Some embodiments provide a kind of method for the heart rate monitor for operating wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, the heart rate prison Visual organ has light source and photodetector.The method is related to the operation that the skin properties based on user adjust the heart rate monitor To improve performance.The method is related to：(a) heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode while also for determining user Skin characteristic skin representation pattern in operate.The first mode is configured to determine the heartbeat waveform of the user One or more characteristics.Skin representation pattern operation, which is related to generating, represents emissive porwer from the light source and from described The data point of the correspondence detection level of photodetector.The method further to：It (b) will be described in the skin representation pattern Data point, which is fitted to, makes light source emission intensity and the relevant mathematical relationship of photodetector detection level；(c) it is closed using the mathematics System determines that providing the light source emission intensity of predetermined photodetector detection level for being identified as providing good heart rate monitor performance sets It is fixed；And the light source emission intensity is adjusted to the identified setting in (c) and is used to grasp in the first mode by (d) Make.

In some embodiments, the mathematical relationship is linear.In some embodiments, the predetermined photodetector inspection Survey level is previously determined as with high s/n ratio.In some embodiments, the method is determined further to before (b) Fitting represents the data point of the emissive porwer from the light source and the correspondence detection level from the photodetector The slope of line；And it is set based on the identified slope and the preset value of emissive porwer level in first mould The light source emission intensity operated in formula.

In some embodiments, the first mode is performed simultaneously with the skin representation pattern.In some embodiments, It operates in the first mode simultaneously and operation is related to periodically determining the user's in the skin representation pattern The response characteristic of skin, while constantly operate in the first mode.In some embodiments, the skin representation pattern Time of occurrence be no more than about 50%.

In some embodiments, in the first mode operation be related to making the light source in the heart rate monitor with First frequency is pulsed and is come from after the light interacts with the skin of the user with first frequency detection described The light of light source.In some embodiments, operation is related to making described in the heart rate monitor in the skin representation pattern Light source is pulsed with second frequency and is come after the light interacts with the skin of the user with second frequency detection From the light of the light source.In some embodiments, the second frequency is more than the first frequency.

In some embodiments, in the skin representation pattern operation further to the light with the user Skin interaction after determine the strength level and/or mould of two or more light pulses that are detected with the second frequency Formula.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the skin representation pattern to be related to sending out a succession of light Pulse, and some in wherein described light pulse are with variable intensity, and other light pulses have it is constant strong compared with each other Degree.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the skin representation pattern to be related to sending out a succession of light Pulse.In some embodiments, at least the two in the light pulse has intensity variable compared with each other.In some implementations In example, at least four in the light pulse have intensity variable compared with each other.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement with motion sensor, the movement Sensor is configured to provide the movement for corresponding to the user for wearing the body-building monitoring arrangement and photoelectricity volume (PPG) sensor Output.The PPG sensors include：(i) periodical light source；(ii) photodetector was located to receive by the period Property light source interacts the periodical light sent out later with the skin of user；And the output of (iii) from the photodetector determines to use The circuit of the heart rate at family.In some embodiments, the periodical light source includes two periodicity for riding the photodetector Light source.In some embodiments, the photoelectricity volume sensor further includes the shell with recess portion, the photodetector peace It puts in the recess portion.In some embodiments, the shell of the photoelectricity volume sensor further includes the second dimple, The periodicity light source is placed in second dimple.In some embodiments, the photoelectricity volume sensor is described outer Shell protrudes from least about 1mm on the bottom surface of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement and is compressed when being configured to wearing described The skin of user.

In some embodiments, the photoelectricity volume sensor, which further includes, is configured to the prominent shell and compresses The spring of compression is resisted during the skin of the user.In some embodiments, the photoelectricity volume sensor is further contained in IML films on the photodetector and the periodical light source.In some embodiments, wherein the institute of the PPG sensors Periodical light source is stated as LED.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, are sensed with motion sensor, PPG Device and control logic.The PPG sensors include：(i) periodical light source；(ii) photodetector, be located to user Skin interaction after receive the periodical light sent out by the periodical light source；And (iii) from the defeated of the photodetector Go out the circuit of the heart rate of determining user.The control logic is configured to：(a) heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode Device, while also it is being configured to detect the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to the second mould of the close proximity of the skin of user It is operated in formula, wherein the first mode is configured to determine when the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is close proximity to the use One or more characteristics of the heartbeat waveform of user during family；(b) information collected from the second mode determines the heart rate prison Visual organ is kept off in the skin of the user；And (c) is kept off in response to the determining heart rate monitor in the user's Skin terminates the operation of the heart rate monitor in the first mode.In some embodiments, in the second mode It operates the heart rate monitor and is related to making the frequency pulsation and with described the in a second mode of light source in the heart rate monitor Light of the two modes frequency detecting from the light source.In some embodiments, the heart rate prison is operated in the first mode Visual organ is related to making the frequency pulsation and with the first mode frequency in the first pattern of the light source in the heart rate monitor Detect the light from the light source.

In some embodiments, the control logic of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is configured to：(a) using institute State the movement that motion detection sensor detects the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement；(b) in response to detecting the fortune in (a) It is dynamic, in the wearing detection pattern for being configured to detect close proximity of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to the skin of user The middle operation heart rate monitor；And (c) is determining the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement via the wearing detection pattern Close to after the skin of the user, that is, it is engraved in one or more characteristics for being configured to determine the heartbeat waveform of the user The heart rate monitor is operated in first mode.

In other embodiments, the control logic of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is configured to：(a) in skin The light source in the cardiac monitor is made to pulse by sending out a succession of light pulse in representation pattern, the light pulse at least one A little variable intensities having relative to each other；(b) detection is come from after the light has interacted with the skin of the user in institute State the Strength Changes of the light of the light pulse sent out in skin representation pattern；(c) intensity of the light detected from (b) Variation determines the response characteristic of the skin of the user；And (d) is adjusted using the response characteristic of the skin of the user For detecting the heart rate monitor operated in the first mode of one or more characteristics of the heartbeat waveform of the user Gain and/or light emitting intensity.

In a further embodiment, the control logic of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is configured to：(a) in the first mould The heart rate monitor is operated in formula, while is also operated in the skin representation pattern for determining the characteristic of the skin of user. The first mode is configured to determine one or more characteristics of the heartbeat waveform of the user, and the skin representation pattern relates to And it generates and represents the emissive porwer from the light source and the correspondence detection level from the photodetector.The control logic Further it is configured to：(b) being fitted to the data point of the skin representation pattern makes light source emission intensity and light detection The relevant mathematical relationship of device detection level；(c) it determines to provide using the mathematical relationship and is identified as providing good heart rate monitor The light source emission intensity setting of the predetermined photodetector detection level of performance；And the light source emission intensity is adjusted to by (d) (c) the identified setting is used to operate in the first mode in.

Description of the drawings

Various embodiments disclosed herein are unrestricted as example in the figure of attached drawing to be illustrated, in attached drawing In, identical reference numbers can be referred to similar component.

Fig. 1 illustrates to realize the example portable monitoring device of user's interaction via user interface.

Fig. 2A illustrates that the example portable monitoring device of user can be fastened to via belt is used.

Fig. 2 B provide the view of the example portable monitoring device of Fig. 2A, show the portion towards skin of described device Point.

Fig. 2 C provide the cross-sectional view of the portable monitoring device of Fig. 2A.

Fig. 3 A provide the cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device.

Fig. 3 B describe the cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device；This protrusion is similar to institute in Fig. 3 A The protrusion of presentation, only light source and photoelectric detector are placed on flat and/or hard PCB.

Fig. 3 C provide another cross-sectional view of example PPG Sensor Implementations.

Fig. 4 A illustrate a potential PPG light source and the example of photoelectric detector geometry.

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrate the example with the PPG sensors of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.

Fig. 5 illustrates the example of the optimized PPG detectors with protrusion, and the protrusion has curved side in order to avoid making user It does not feel well.

Fig. 6 A illustrate the example of the portable monitoring device with belt；Optical sensor and optical transmitting set can be placed in institute It states on belt.

Fig. 6 B illustrate the example with the portable biometric of display and wrist strap metering monitoring arrangement.In addition, optics PPG (for example, heart rate) detection sensor and/or transmitter can be located on the side of biometric monitoring arrangement.In one embodiment In, these each can be located in the installing type button of side.

Fig. 7 describes user and presses the side of portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement with from side installing type optics heart rate detection Sensor carries out heart rate measurement.The display of biometric monitoring arrangement can show whether have detected that heart rate and/or display are used The heart rate at family.

The functionality of Fig. 8 illustrated example biometric monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm features.

Fig. 9 illustrates to be changed it based on the mobile degree that biometric monitoring arrangement is undergone and detected the mode of user's heart rate Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.

Figure 10 illustrate thereon with bicycle application program portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example, it is described voluntarily Vehicle application program can show the step of bicycle speed and/or pedal and other measurements.

Figure 11 A illustrate the example block diagram of PPG sensors, and the PPG sensors have light source, photodetector, ADC, processing Device, DAC/GPIO and the intensity of light source and ON/OFF control.

Figure 11 B illustrate the example block diagram of the PPG sensors of the PPG sensors similar to Figure 11 A, the PPG sensors volume It is outer to be adjusted using sampling and holding circuit and analog signal.

Figure 11 C illustrate the example block diagram of the PPG sensors of the PPG sensors similar to Figure 11 A, the PPG sensors volume It is outer to use sampling and holding circuit.

Figure 11 D explanations are with multiple switchable light sources and detector, the intensity of light source/switch control and circuit for signal conditioning PPG sensors example block diagram.

Figure 11 E illustrate the example block diagram of the PPG sensors using synchronous detection.To perform the PPG detections of this type, tool There is demodulator.

Figure 11 F illustrate the example block diagram of PPG sensors, and the PPG sensors remove the feature of sensor illustrated in Figure 11 A Except also have difference amplifier.

Figure 11 G illustrate the example block diagram of PPG sensors, and there is the PPG sensors PPG shown in Figure 11 A to KKF to pass The feature of sensor.

Figure 12 A explanations are with heart rate or PPG sensors, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor and are connected to processor Telecommunication circuit portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.

Figure 12 B explanations have heart rate or PPG sensors, motion sensor, display, vibrating motor, position sensor, sea Pull out height sensor, skin electric conductivity/humidity sensor and be connected to processor telecommunication circuit portable biometric metering prison The example of view apparatus.

Figure 12 C illustrate the portable of the position sensor for having biosensor, environmental sensor and being connected to processor The example of biometric monitoring arrangement.

Figure 13 A illustrate to measure the example of heart rate using motor message and optics PPG signals.

Figure 13 B illustrate to measure another example of heart rate using motor message and optics PPG signals.

Figure 14 A illustrate the example of the sensor with the simulation connection to sensor processor.

Figure 14 B illustrate the example of the sensor with the simulation connection to sensor processor, the sensor processor There is the number connection to application processor again.

Figure 14 C illustrate the reality of the sensor device with the one or more sensors for being connected to application processor Example.

Figure 14 D illustrate the example of the sensor device with the one or more sensors for being connected to sensor processor, The sensor processor is connected to application processor.

Figure 15 A illustrate the example of the swimming detection algorithm using sequential algorithm flow.

Figure 15 B illustrate the example of the swimming detection algorithm using parallel algorithm flow.

Figure 15 C illustrate the example using sequence and the swimming detection algorithm of the mixing of parallel algorithm flow.

Figure 15 D illustrate the example using sequence and the swimming detection algorithm of the mixing of parallel algorithm flow.

Figure 16 A illustrate the sampling that can be used for PPG sensings and the signal of the example of holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifier Figure.

Figure 16 B illustrate for PPG sensors using controlled current source come in the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " The example schematic of the circuit of electric current.

Figure 16 C illustrate to be used to be applied to photodiode (across resistance for the use sampling of PPG sensors and holding circuit Before anti-amplifier) current feedback circuit example schematic.

Figure 16 D illustrate the electricity that there is the use for PPG sensors ambient light to eliminate functional difference/instrument amplifier The example schematic on road.

Figure 16 E illustrate the circuit using photodiode compensation by the DAC electric currents dynamically generated for PPG sensors Example schematic.

Figure 16 F illustrate the electricity dynamically generated by controlled voltage source using photodiode compensation for PPG sensors The example schematic of the circuit of stream.

It is functional that Figure 16 G illustrate that the ambient light comprising " switched capacitor " method of use for PPG sensors removes The example schematic of circuit.

Figure 16 H illustrate the electric current generated for PPG sensors using photodiode compensation by constant current source (this and also Constant voltage source and resistor can be used to complete) circuit example schematic.

Figure 16 I illustrate the differencing removed comprising ambient light between functional and continuous sample for PPG sensors The example schematic of circuit.

Figure 16 J illustrate the example schematic of the circuit for the differencing between ambient light removal and continuous sample.

Figure 17 A displayings determine that heart rate monitor is worn (" on wrist ") and still do not worn (" wrist using optical detection mechanism The schematic diagram of process outside ").

Figure 17 B shows are detected using independent optical detection mechanism for being detected outside wrist (exit PPG heart rate monitors) and on wrist The schematic diagram of the process of (enter PPG heart rate monitors).

Figure 18 A displayings are in accordance with some embodiments to be used for the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement with heart rate monitor to have energy The process chart that the mode of dose-effect benefit operates in different mode.

Figure 18 B shows are in accordance with some embodiments to be used to operate the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement with heart rate monitor Another process chart, for the first mode for detecting heart signal and for detecting the second mode of non-wearing state Operation starts simultaneously.

Figure 18 C displayings are in some embodiments providing heart rate to being used to detect the light pulse of the degree of approach of user's body Data light pulse sketch.

Figure 18 D displayings can be used to provide light arteries and veins of the heart rate to being used to detect the degree of approach of user's body in some embodiments Another sketch of the light pulse of the data of punching.

Figure 19 A displayings are by the luminous intensity that the light source of heart rate monitor is sent out with being detected by the photoelectric detector of heart rate monitor Signal between two relationships.

Figure 19 B describe the time-modulation as caused by heartbeat of TIA signals.

Figure 19 C displaying for the light emitting power by adjusting heart rate monitor and/or light detection gain and operating can wear Wear the flow chart of the process of the heart rate monitor of body-building monitoring arrangement.

Figure 19 D displayings can be used to adjust the intensity of light source of heart rate monitor and/or the light pulse signal mould of light detection gain Formula.

Figure 19 E and 19F show linear and non-between emissive porwer and detection intensity for different skin characteristic respectively Linear mathematical relationship.

Specific embodiment

The present invention be directed to biometric monitoring arrangement, (it is in this paper and is herein incorporated by reference any with reference to case In be also referred to as " biometric tracks of device ", " personal health monitoring arrangement ", " portable monitoring device ", " portable biometric Metering monitoring arrangement ", " biometric monitoring arrangement ", etc.), wearable device is may be generally described as, usually with small Size is designed to relatively continuously be worn by people.When wearing, these biometric monitoring arrangements are collected about wearer Performed activity or the data of the physiological status of wearer.This data may include representing the ambient enviroment or pendant around wearer The data of the interaction of wearer and environment, for example, the exercise data of movement about wearer, ambient light, ambient noise, air matter Amount, etc. and the physiological data that is obtained by measuring the various physiological properties of wearer, such as heart rate, level of perspiration, etc..

As mentioned above, biometric monitoring arrangement is usually small so that wearer is inconspicuous in size. Fitbit provides all very small and very light several biometric monitoring arrangement, for example, Fitbit Flex are one kind Wrist strap, with insertable biometric monitoring arrangement, it is about 0.5 inch wide multiply 1.3 inches long multiply 0.25 inch.Biology Metering monitoring arrangement is usually designed to that long time period can be worn in the case of no sense of discomfort, and does not interfere normal Daily routines.

In some cases, the available other devices outside biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric monitoring arrangement, For example, it can be used to obtain in heart rate data or smart phone in the external heart rate monitor of the EKG forms of sensor on chest strap GPS receiver can be used to obtain position data.In some cases, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used wired or wireless logical Letter connection and these communication with external apparatus.Concept that is disclosed herein and discussing can be applied to independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement And using the sensor or functionality being provided in external device (ED) (for example, external sensor, the sensing provided by smart phone Device or functionality, etc.) both biometric monitoring arrangements.

In general, concept discussed herein may be implemented in independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement and (in due course) profit With in the biometric monitoring arrangement of external device (ED).

It should be understood that although concept and discussion contained herein is to be in the context of biometric monitoring arrangement It is existing, but if appropriate hardware can be used, then these concepts are also equally applicable in other contexts.For example, it is many existing The motion sensor such as accelerometer being generally contained in biometric monitoring arrangement is included for smart phone, and if suitable When hardware can be used in device, then concept discussed herein may be implemented in the device.In effect, this can regard as intelligence Can phone be changed into the biometric monitoring arrangement of a certain form (but to measure monitoring arrangement more than canonical biometric and may not be with The biometric monitoring arrangement that same way is worn).These embodiments are it will be also be appreciated that be within the scope of the invention.

Several distinct methods can be used to provide for functionality discussed herein.For example, in some embodiments, Processor can be controlled by computer executable instructions stored in memory in order to provide functionality as described herein.At it In its embodiment, this functionality can be provided in the form of circuit.In other embodiments again, this functionality can be by being deposited At one or more for storing up the computer executable instructions control in the memory coupled with the circuit that one or more are specially designed Device is managed to provide.It can be used to implement the various examples of the hardware of concept outlined herein including but not limited to application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA) and with store for control general purpose microprocessor executable instruction storage The general purpose microprocessor of device coupling.

Independent biochemical metering monitoring arrangement can be provided, and can in many ways wear through design with several form factors It wears.In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be designed to can be plugged into a wearable housing or can be inserted into Into multiple and different wearable housings, for example, wrist strap housing, band clip shell body (belt-clip case), pendant housing, through matching The housing to be attached to an exercise device such as bicycle is put, etc..These embodiments are described in greater detail in for example In 14/029th, No. 764 U.S. patent application case filed in September in 2013 17 days, the U.S. patent application case is for this purpose It is herein incorporated by reference hereby.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be designed only in one way It wears, for example, the biometric monitoring arrangement being integrated into a manner of non-removable in wrist strap can the set wrist for being only worn on people On (or possible ankle).

Measuring monitoring arrangement according to the portable biometric of embodiment as described herein and embodiment can have suitable for coupling To (for example, be fastened to, wear, supported, etc.) body of user or the form and dimension of clothes.Portable biometric metering prison The example of view apparatus is showed in Fig. 1；The example portable monitoring device can have user interface, processor, biometric Sensor, memory, environmental sensor and/or can be with client and/or the wireless transceiver of server communication.Weared on wrist type The example of portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement is showed in Fig. 2A to 2C.This device can have display, button, electronic device Encapsulation and/or attachment strip.Attachment strip can be depositing for its shape via using shackle (for example, Velcro), buckle and/or having The belt (for example, via spring metal band is used) of reservoir and be fastened to user.In fig. 2b, it can be seen that for coordinating charger And/or the sensor protrusion and recess portion of data transmitting cable.In fig. 2 c, the cross section across electron device package is shown.Value It obtains it is to be noted that sensor protrusion, main PCB plate and display.

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can collect one or more types from embedded type sensor and/or external device (ED) Physiology and/or environmental data, and other devices are conveyed or be relayed to this information (comprising the number for potentially acting as accessible internet According to the device in source), thus permit for example inspecting collected data using web browser or network-based application program. For example, when user adorns oneself with biometric monitoring arrangement, one or more biometers can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement Quantity sensor calculates and stores the step number of user.Biometric monitoring arrangement will can then represent the data transmitting of the step number of user Account, computer, mobile phone on to network service (for example, www.fitbit.com) or can wherein store, handle and by User observes the health station of data.In fact, step number of the biometric monitoring arrangement in addition to the step number of user or instead of user It also can measure or calculate a number of other physiological measurements.These physiological measurements are including but not limited to energy expenditure, for example, calorie fires Burning value, the number of floor levels climbed up and/or climbed down, heart rate, changes in heart rate, heart rate restore, position and/or trend (such as via GPS, GLONASS or similar system), rise, speed of walking about and/or travel distance, swimming one way count, stroke type and detects Count, bicycle distance and/or speed, blood pressure, blood glucose, skin conductance, skin and/or body temp, via electromyography The muscular states of measurement, the brain activity measured by electroencephalography, weight, body fat, calorie are taken in, from food Nutrition intake, drug intake, sleep cycle, such as clock time, sleep stage, sleep quality and/or duration, pH value Level, hydration level, respiratory rate and other physiological measurements.Biometric monitoring arrangement can also measure or calculate with The related measurement of environment around user, such as atmospheric pressure, weather condition are (for example, temperature, humidity, pollen count, air matter Amount, rain/ice-lolly part, wind speed), light exposure (for example, ambient light, UV light are exposed, time for spending in the dark and/or it is lasting when Between), post noise exposure, radioactive exposure and magnetic field.In addition, the biometric monitoring of data flow is collected from biometric monitoring arrangement Device or system can be calculated measures derived from this data.For example, device or system can be passed via changes in heart rate, skin It leads, the combination of noise pollution and sleep quality calculates the anxiety and/or relaxation level of user.In another example, device or System can be taken in via drug, the combination of dormant data and/or activity data is come the effect of determining medical intervention (such as drug). In a further example, biometric monitoring arrangement or system can be via pollen data, drug intake, sleep and/or activity datas Combination come the effect of determining allergic drug.These examples are provided only for explanation, and are not intended to be restricted or detailed 's.The further embodiment and embodiment of sensor device are found in " portable life entitled filed in 8 days June in 2011 Object measures monitoring arrangement and its operating method (Portable Biometric Monitoring Devices and Methods Of Operating Same) " U.S. patent application case 13/156,304 and August in 2012 6 days filed in it is entitled In the U.S. patent application case 61/680,230 of " Fitbit trackers (Fitbit Tracker) ", the U.S. patent application case The full text of the two is incorporated herein by reference hereby.

Biosensor

Biometric monitoring arrangement discussed herein can be used one, some or all of obtain physiology with lower sensor Data, including but not limited to the physiological data summarized in following table.All combinations and arrangement of biosensor and/or physiological data It is set to fall within the scope of the present invention.Biometric monitoring arrangement may include, but are not limited to identified below for obtaining corresponding physiology One of data, the type of some or all of sensors；In fact, it can also or alternatively be obtained using other types of sensor Corresponding physiological data is taken, and these other types of sensors are also set falls within the scope of the present invention.In addition, biometric is supervised View apparatus can export physiological data from respective sensor output data, can be given birth to derived from the sensor including but not limited to it Manage the number or type of data.

In an example embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include optical sensor detecting, sensing, sampling And/or generate the data of the information of anxiety (or it is horizontal), blood pressure and/or heart rate that can be used to determine to represent such as user. (see, such as Fig. 2A to 3C and 11A to KKG).In these embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include optical sensor, Its there is one or more light sources (LED, laser, etc.) with send out or output light to user body and photodetector (photoelectricity two Pole pipe, optotransistor, etc.) with sample, measure and/or detect this light from the response or reflection of user's body and provide to determine Represent the number of the data of the anxiety (or its horizontal) of user, blood pressure and/or heart rate (for example, for example by using photoelectricity volume diagram) According to.

In an example embodiment, the heart rate measurement of user can be by (or being connected to its by one or more sensors Processing circuit) determining criterion and trigger.For example, when the data instruction from motion sensor is static or is transported with few During the dynamic period, biometric monitoring arrangement can trigger, obtain and/or obtain heart rate measurement or data.(see, such as Fig. 9,12A And 12B).

In one embodiment, when motion sensor indicate User Activity or movement (for example, for triggering, obtain and/or Heart rate measurement needed for acquisition or data (for example, to determine the data of the resting heart rate of user) improper or simultaneously non-optimal fortune It is dynamic) when, biometric monitoring arrangement and/or sensor to obtain and/or obtain required heart rate measurement or data can be placed in Or it is held in low power state.Because the heart rate measurement carried out during movement may be less reliable and may be moved false As destroy, so when biometric monitoring arrangement during exercise when, it may be necessary to reduce collect heart rate data sample frequency (because And reduce power use).

In another embodiment, instruction User Activity or the data of movement can be used (for example, coming in biometric monitoring arrangement From one or more motion sensors) come adjust or change triggering, obtain and/or obtain needed for the characteristic of heart rate measurement or data (for example, to improve the robustness to motion artifact).For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement receives instruction user and lives Dynamic or movement data, then biometric monitoring arrangement can adjust or change to obtain heart rate data sensor sampling (for example, in the case where user movement amount is more than a certain threshold value, biometric monitoring arrangement can increase for rate and/or resolution model Big sampling rate and/or increase are obtaining the sampling resolution pattern of the sensor of heart rate measurement or data).In addition, biometer Measuring monitoring arrangement can be during these of User Activity or the movement period (for example, user movement amount is more than the period of a certain threshold value) Adjustment or the sampling rate and/or resolution model of modification motion sensor.By this method, when biometric monitoring arrangement determines or Detect this User Activity or movement when, biometric monitoring arrangement motion sensor can be placed in higher sampling rate and/or compared with High sampling resolution pattern is for example to realize the more accurately adaptive-filtering of heart rate signal.(see for example, Fig. 9).

Fig. 9 illustrates to be changed it based on the mobile degree that biometric monitoring arrangement is undergone and detected the mode of user's heart rate Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example.The situation of movement (for example, via accelerometer is used) is detected wherein Under, user can be considered by biometric monitoring arrangement in " activity ", and high sampling rate heart rate detection can occur to reduce heart rate Motion artifact in measurement.It can preserve and/or show this data.Determine that user does not move (or phase in biometric monitoring arrangement To sitting) in the case of, low sampling rate heart rate detection (it does not consume so much power) for measure heart rate can be it is appropriate and It can thus be used.

It is worth noting that, it is for example obtained in biometric monitoring arrangement using optical technology by using photoelectricity volume diagram In the case of taking heart rate measurement or data, motor message can be used to determine or establish, data acquisition is carried out by heart rate sensor Or measure (for example, synchronous detection is without being non-amplitude modulation method) and/or the ad hoc approach or technology of its analysis.(see, such as Figure 11 E).By this method, indicate user movement or activity data can cause biometric monitoring arrangement establish or adjust by The data acquisition or the type or technology of measurement that one or more optics heart rate sensors use.

For example, in one embodiment, when motion detector circuit detects or determines biometric monitoring arrangement (if for example, biometric monitoring arrangement determines user's sitting or sleeping), biometric when the movement of wearer is less than threshold value Monitoring arrangement (or heart rate measurement technology as herein disclosed) is adjustable and/or reduces the sampling rate of optics heart rate sampling. (see for example, Fig. 9).By this method, biometric monitoring arrangement can control its power consumption.For example, biometric monitors Device can reduce power consumption by reducing sensor sampling rate, for example, biometric monitoring arrangement can every 10 minutes it is primary Or every heart rate is sampled (via heart rate sensor) 1 minute by 10 seconds.It is worth noting that, additionally or alternatively, biology Metering monitoring arrangement can control work(via data processing circuit analysis and/or data analysis technique is controlled according to motion detection Rate consumes.As a result, the movement of user may influence heart rate data get parms and/or data analysis or its processing.

Motion artifact in heart rate sensor inhibits

As discussed above, it can be surveyed by using one or more algorithms with removing motion artifact to improve by PPG sensors The original signal of amount.The movement (for determining motion artifact) of sensor measurement user can be used, the sensor includes But accelerometer, gyroscope, proximity detector, magnetometer are not limited to, etc..The target of these algorithms is used from as guidance The movable signal of other sensors capture be attributable to mobile component (mobile illusion) remove PPG signals.At one In embodiment, sef-adapting filter can be used to be based on mixing Kalman filter (Kalman filter) and least means square Device or recursive least-squares wave filter remove the mobile illusion in PPG signals.Peak counting algorithm or power can then be used Spectrum density algorithm for estimating is from cleaning/filtered signal extraction heart rate.Alternatively, Kalman filter or particle filter can be used Remove these movement illusions.

Can be used to calculate heart rate frequency another method be by heart rate signal model creation be Y=Y_dc+∑a_k*coskθ+ b_k* sink θ, wherein k are the exponent number of harmonic component, and θ is the model parameter for heart rate.This model can then use expansion card Thalmann filter or particle filter and be fitted to signal.This model utilizes following facts：Signal is simultaneously non-sinusoidal, therefore in base Contain power in both this harmonic wave and multiple additional harmonic waves place.

Alternatively, can be Y=Y by signal modeling_dc+∑a_k*sin(k*w_motiont+θ)+∑b_k*sin(k*w_HRT+ φ), wherein w_motionDirectly estimate from accelerometer signal (or another motion sensor signal).

Ambient light and the colour of skin

Ambient light and the colour of skin may make it difficult to the heart rate from PPG signal extraction users.When can be by being opened from PPG light sources The value for receiving detection optical signal subtract receiving the value for detecting optical signal and reducing the shadow of ambient light when PPG light sources are closed It rings (it is assumed that two signals were obtained in the time in close proximity to each other).

Can by change the intensity of PPG light sources, the light sent out from light source wavelength and/or by using corresponding to two not The ratio or difference of the received signal of co-wavelength and the influence for reducing the colour of skin.It can be inputted by using user (for example, user keys in Its colour of skin), the image of human face etc. determine the colour of skin, and then then can come calibration algorithm, light-source brightness, light source using the colour of skin Wavelength and receiver gain.It can also be by the way that the signal with known amplitude be sent to light source and is then measured from photoelectric detector The signal received measures influence of the colour of skin (and compactness of user's wearable device) to original PPG signals.Such signal can It sends to reach the extended time cycle (to capture data via multiple expected heartbeats) and be then averaging and be not dependent on generating The stable state data group of heart rate.Can this amplitude then be determined that algorithm is calibrated, sent out compared with being stored in the class value in table Emitter amplitude and receiver gain.

Estimate to improve using the heart rate of heuristic

After the initial estimation (for example, the peak counting estimated by power spectral density) for obtaining heart rate, it can be used for Boundary is applied to the permissible rate of heart rate.It can be for these boundaries of each user optimization, because each user will have uniquely Heart rate overview.For example, its sitting heart rate can be estimated when each user is fixed, and when this can be used as user's walking Lower limit.Similarly, the half of the walk frequency such as calculated from pedometer may act as the good lower limit for being expected heart rate.

Algorithm of heart rate can customize for each user, and can learn user heart rate overview and suitable for user behavior and/ Or characteristic is so as to expressively more preferable over time.For example, the algorithm can be right based on historical data from the user Heart rate or walking rate setting boundary during given body activity.This can be broken in heart rate data by noise and/or motion artifact Bad when, provides better result.

HR quality metrics

In another example embodiment, the signal quality metrics of heart rate/PPG signals can be used to the standard of signal produced by providing The quantization of exactness/accuracy.Depending on this measurement value, determine user heart rate (or such as breathing other PPG export degree Amount) algorithm can take certain actions, comprising allow user tense watchband, ignore collected heart rate data certain parts (for example, Data segment with low quality metric) and certain parts of heart rate data are weighted (for example, with better quality measurement Data can give bigger weight when calculating heart rate).

It in one embodiment, can sending out signals quality metric as follows：Draw scatter diagram, wherein x-axis is the time, and y-axis Frequency for the peak value in the PPG signals of that given time.Using this strategy it is to be overcome the problem of be can in given time It can there are multiple and/or zero peak values.Line of best fit captures linear relationship in this scatter diagram.High-quality signal should have good It is fitted to one group of peak value of line (in short time span) well, and bad signal will be with cannot well be described by line one Group peak value.Therefore, the good measure of the quality of PPG signals itself is provided to the fit quality of line.

Sitting, sleep and activity classification measurement

In yet another embodiment embodiment, when device determine user's sitting or it is sleeping when, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used Sensor calculates changes in heart rate.Herein, biometric monitoring arrangement can be with higher rate sampling mode (relative to non-sitting week Phase or the User Activity period beyond predetermined threshold) sensor is operated to calculate changes in heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement (or it is outer Part device) indicator of the changes in heart rate as health of heart or anxiety can be used.

In fact, in some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can user's sitting and/or it is sleeping (for example, such as by Biometric monitoring arrangement is detected and/or is determined) when measure and/or determine the tensional level and/or health of heart of user.This hair Instruction changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, body temperature can be used in some embodiments of bright biometric monitoring arrangement And/or the sensing data of heart rate come determine the tensional level of user, health status (for example, fever or flu risk, hair Make or be in progress) and/or health of heart.By this method, the processing circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can determine and/or track with " baseline " tensional level and/or heart " health " over time of the user of time passage.In another embodiment, institute State that device can (or the movement of user be less than predetermined threshold, such as when user is just being seated, lies down, falls asleep for user's without motion wherein Or during in sleep stage (for example, deep sleep)) one or more periods during measure user physiological parameter.This data may be used also It is used as by biometric monitoring arrangement for nervous relevant parameter, health-related parameter (for example, the risk or hair of fever or flu Make), health of heart, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, body temperature and/or heart rate " baseline ".

Sleep watchdog

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine user just attempt fall asleep, It falls asleep, fall asleep and/or wake up from sleep cycle.In these embodiments, biosensor can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement To obtain data, and the data processing circuit of biometric monitoring arrangement can make the sensor collection from biometric monitoring arrangement Heart rate, changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, skin electroresponse, movement, skin temperature and/or temperature data combination correlation to examine It surveys or whether determining user just attempts to fall asleep, falls asleep, falls asleep and/or wake up from sleep cycle.In response, biometric Monitoring arrangement can for example obtain physiological data (type as described herein and in a manner of as described herein) and/or determine The physiological condition (type as described herein and in a manner of as described herein) of user.For example, user movement It reduces or stops may indicate that user has fallen asleep with reference to the reduction of the change of user's heart rate and/or changes in heart rate.Changes in heart rate and skin Follow-up change of skin electroresponse then can determine the sleep state of user at two or two by biometric monitoring arrangement Transformation (for example, being changed into shallower and/or deeper sleep stage) between more than sleep stage.The movement of user and/or liter The change of high heart rate and/or changes in heart rate can determine that user has waken up by biometric monitoring arrangement.

In real time, windowing or batch processing can be used to determine the transformation waking, sleeping between sleep stage.For example, The heart can be measured in time window (heart rate is increased at the beginning of the window and reduced at the centre of the window (and/or end)) The reduction of rate.Awakening and sleep stage can by hidden Markov model using motor message (for example, the exercise intensity reduced), Heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, skin electroresponse and/or the change of ambient light level are classified.It can be by changing a little Algorithm (for example, Bayes change point analysis) determines transition point.It can be by observing the heart rate of wherein user in predetermined continue It is interior to be reduced at least a certain threshold value but the resting heart rate in user (it is for example observed minimum heart rate of the user in sleep) Predetermined margin in period come determine awaken and sleep between transformation.Similarly, can be increased by observing the heart rate of user The transformation between sleep and awakening is determined on to the predetermined threshold higher than the resting heart rate of user.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be a component for monitoring the system of sleep, wherein The system includes the auxiliary device (example being configured to communicate and be adapted for placement in biometric monitoring arrangement near sleeper Such as, alarm clock).In some embodiments, the auxiliary device has to receiving biometric monitoring arrangement to carry out safety Keeping, the shape of communication and/or charging and machinery and/or magnetic interfaces.However, the auxiliary device also can be universally used in biology Measure monitoring arrangement, such as the smart phone without particular design physically to be interfaced with biometric monitoring arrangement.It can be via Wired communication interface or via wireless communication interface and such as bluetooth (include such as bluetooth 4.0 and bluetooth low energy agreement), The agreements such as RFID, NFC or WLAN provide the communication between biometric monitoring arrangement and auxiliary device.Auxiliary device may include To the sensor of assisting sleep monitoring or environmental surveillance, such as measuring environment light, noise and/or sound with detection (for example, beaten Snore), temperature, humidity and air quality (pollen, dust, CO2, etc.) sensor.In one embodiment, auxiliary device can be with Such as external service or server (for example, personal computer) communication of www.fitbit.com etc..Can via it is wired (for example, Ethernet, USB) or wireless (for example, WLAN, bluetooth, RFID, NFC, honeycomb fashion) circuit and to transfer data to auxiliary device And/or the agreement of data is transmitted to realize the communication with auxiliary device from auxiliary device.Auxiliary device can also act as to count It is serviced according to from such as www.fitbit.com or other (for example, such as update of news, social networks, Email, calendar notification Etc. data) etc. external services or server (for example, personal computer, mobile phone, tablet computer) be transmitted to biometric Monitoring arrangement and/or the repeater that data are transmitted to the external service or server from biometric monitoring arrangement.It can make With the data from one or two device user is performed on one or two device or external service (for example, Cloud Server) The calculating of dormant data.

Auxiliary device can equipped with display with show the data obtained by auxiliary device or by biometric monitoring arrangement, External service is transmitted to the group of its data or the data from biometric monitoring arrangement, auxiliary device and/or external service It closes.For example, auxiliary device can show instruction the heart rate of user, the total step number on the same day, activity and/or sleep realization of goal, The data of the weather (measured by auxiliary device or reported by external service for a position) on the same day etc..In another example, Auxiliary device can be shown with user relative to the related data of the ranking of other users, such as total all step numbers.In another implementation In example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be shown equipped with display by biometric monitoring arrangement, auxiliary device, external service Or the data that the combination in three sources obtains.First device is equipped with waking up alarm (for example, vibrating motor, raising one's voice wherein Device) embodiment in, auxiliary device may act as spare alarm (for example, using audio tweeter).Auxiliary device can also have Interface (for example, display and button or touch screen) is to create, delete, change or enable the report on first and/or auxiliary device Alert device.

Sensor-based ready mode

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can automatically detect or determine if to be attached to user, peace It puts with user and/or is worn by user.User, peace are not attached in response to detecting or determining biometric monitoring arrangement It puts with user and/or is worn by user, biometric monitoring arrangement (or its selected portion) can be implemented or be placed in low-power Operation mode, for example, optics heart rate sensor and/or circuit can be placed in lower-wattage or sleep pattern.For example, at one In embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include one or more of photodetector (photodiode, optotransistor, etc.).If Given luminous intensity set (for example, the light sent out relative to the light source by the part for biometric monitoring arrangement) under, one or Multiple photodetectors provide low return signal, then data can be explained as referring to showing device and not worn by biometric monitoring arrangement It wears.After such determine, device can reduce its power consumption at once, for example, by remove other device circuits or display it Also " deactivated " or adjustment anxiety and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or the operating condition of circuit is (for example, by reducing light source outside And/or detector working cycles or deactivated light source and/or detector, turn off device, display and/or deactivate or attenuation is related Join circuit or part thereof).In addition, biometric monitoring arrangement can periodically determine whether (for example, once per second) should incite somebody to action tightly It opens and/or the operating condition of heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits is restored to normal operating condition (for example, light source, inspection Normal manipulation mode should be returned to for carrying out heart rate detection by surveying device and/or associated circuits).In another embodiment, it is biological Metering monitoring arrangement can be after triggerable event be detected (for example, in the movement for detecting device (for example, based on from one Or the data of multiple motion sensors) and/or detect user's input via user interface (for example, being monitored with biometric Device touch by, collide or stir interaction) after) restore nervous and/or heart rate detection sensor and/or associated circuits at once Operating condition.In some related embodiments, purpose is saved for power, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in User Activity degree The default rate that its heart rate measurement is collected is reduced to when not high and is for example measured once every minute, and user can have for example pass through Promoting button and by device be placed on demand or with faster rate (for example, once per second) generate measure operation mode.

Optical sensor

In one embodiment, optical sensor (source and/or detector) can be placed in the interior of biometric monitoring arrangement Portion or skin side are (that is, the side of the contact of biometric monitoring arrangement, touching and/or user oriented skin is (hereinafter referred to " skin side ")) on.(see for example, Fig. 2A to 3C).In another embodiment, optical sensor can be placed in the one or more of device On a side, comprising skin side and device towards or be exposed to one or more sides (ambient side) of ambient enviroment.(see example Such as, Fig. 6 A are to 7).

It is worth noting that, the data from these optical sensors can represent physiological data and/or environmental data.It is practical On, in one embodiment, optical sensor provides, obtains and/or detects multiple sides from biometric monitoring arrangement Information, whether be placed on one or more of the multiple side without tube sensor.For example, optical sensor can Obtain the data related with the environment light condition of environment.

In the case where optical sensor is positioned or arranged in the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement, in operation, Light source in biometric monitoring arrangement can shine, and in response on the skin of user, in biometric monitoring arrangement The corresponding light for reflecting and/or sending out of photodetector sampling, acquisition and/or detection from skin (and from body interior). One or more light sources and photodetector can be examined by enhancing or optimization signal-to-noise ratio and/or the light source and light is reduced or minimized Array or the pattern of the power consumption of device are surveyed to arrange.These optical sensor samplings, acquisition and/or detection physiological data, The physiological data then can obtain the heart for representing such as user through handling or analyzing (for example, by residing processing circuit) Rate, breathing, changes in heart rate, oxygen saturation (SpO₂), blood volume, blood glucose, skin moisture and/or cutaneous pigmentation level number According to.

Light source can send out the light of one or more wavelength of the type specific to or be directed to physiological data to be collected. Similarly, fluorescence detector sampling, measurement and/or detection also specific to or be directed to the type of physiological data to be collected And/or one or more wavelength of (user's) physiological parameter to be assessed or determining.For example, in one embodiment, send out Provide the light of the wavelength in green light spectrum light source (for example, send out with corresponding to green light spectrum wavelength light LED) and The photodiode for being located to sample, measure and/or detect response corresponding with this light or reflect, which can provide, can be used to determine Or the data of detection heart rate.In contrast, send out the light with the wavelength in red spectral light source (for example, send out with pair Should be in the LED of the light of the wavelength of red spectral) and the light source of the light with the wavelength in infrared spectrum is sent out (for example, sending out The LED of light with the wavelength corresponding to IR spectrum) and it is located to sample, measure and/or detect the response or anti-of this light The photodiode penetrated, which can provide, can be used to determine or detect SpO₂Data.

In fact, in some embodiments, the color or wavelength of light sent out by light source (such as LED (or one group of LED)) It can be changed, adjusted and/or be controlled according to the predefined type or operating condition of acquired physiological data.Herein, it is adjustable The whole and/or wavelength of light that is sent out by light source of control is to optimize and/or enhance the physiological data for being obtained by detector and/or being sampled " quality ".It for example, can be from red by the color of the LED light sent out when the skin temperature of user or relatively low environment temperature Outside line be switched to it is green so as to enhance correspond to cardiomotility signal.(see, such as Figure 11 D).

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can include in the shell window (for example, to examine temporarily, Opaque window) to promote light emitting between optical sensor and user.Herein, the window can permit such as one or Light (for example, with selected wavelength) is issued on the skin of user and permits the response of light or reflect via described by multiple LED Window is to back through to be sampled, measure and/or be detected by such as one or more photodiodes.In one embodiment, The circuit related with sending out and receiving light can be placed in the inside of crust of the device and in plastics or glassy layer (for example, being coated with red Outside line ink) or infrared lenses or wave filter (its permit infrared light by but disapprove the light in people's vision spectrum and pass through) Downwardly or rearwardly.By this method, the light transmission of the window can not be by human eye finding.

Light pipe or other translucent constructions can be used so that light to be promoted to be emitted to from light source the body of user in biometric monitoring arrangement Body and skin.(see for example, Fig. 4 A are to 5).In this regard, in some embodiments, light can be via these light pipes or other light transmissions Structure is from the skin of light source oriented users.Scattering light from user's body can be given birth to via same or like structure to guiding is returned Optical circuit in object metering monitoring arrangement.In fact, the material and/or light that low light loss is promoted to lose can be used in the translucent construction Learn design (for example, translucent construction may include promote light collect lens, and the part of translucent construction can with reflecting material be coated with or The internal reflection that reflecting material is adjacent to promote light in translucent construction), thus improve signal-to-noise ratio and/or the promotion of photodetector Reduce the power consumption of light source and/or photodetector.In some embodiments, light pipe or other translucent constructions may include selectivity Ground emits with one or more specific or predetermined wavelength light (emission effciency is higher than the emission effciency of the light with other wavelength) Material, thus act as bandpass filter.This quasi-belt ventilating filter can be tuned the signal to improve specific physiological data type. For example, in one embodiment, in-mold label or " IML " translucent construction can be implemented, wherein the translucent construction uses tool There is the material of predetermined or required optical characteristics to create specific bandpass characteristic, for example to have being higher than by efficiency for infrared light There is the light (for example, light with the wavelength in people's visible spectrum) of other wavelength.In another embodiment, biometric monitors Device, which can be used, (to be included with optically opaque part (comprising certain optical characteristics) and optical clear part and is different from optics not The optical characteristics of transparent part) translucent construction.Such translucent construction can be provided via double injection or two step molding process, It is middle to be individually injected into optically opaque material and optically transparent material in mold.Implement the biometric of such translucent construction Monitoring arrangement may depend on the light direction of travel across translucent construction and include different optical transmission characteristics for different wave length.Citing For, in one embodiment, optically opaque material can reflect particular range of wavelengths so as to more efficiently by light from user's Body transmitting returns to photodetector (it can have the different wave length of the wavelength relative to sent out light).

In another embodiment, catoptric arrangement can be placed in the visual field of optical transmitting set and/or photodetector.Citing comes Say, have by light from optical transmitting set be directed to user skin and/or from the skin of user be directed to photodetector hole (or warp By perform this by way of advance translucent construction) side can be covered in reflecting material (for example, chromium plating) to promote light transmission.Instead The efficiency that light is transferred to skin from light source and detector is then returned to from skin transport can be increased by penetrating material.Optical epoxy can be used Resin or other transparent materials filling reflectivity apply cloth hole to prevent liquid from entering apparatus main body while still allowing to damage with low transmission Lose transmitted light.

In another embodiment for implementing translucent construction (for example, the structure for creating or being formed via IML), these light transmission knots Structure may include the mask being made of opaque material, the opaque material limitation one, some or all of light sources and/or detection The aperture of device.By this method, translucent construction, which optionally " defines ", emits light into or from the user's body of its detection light Preferred volume.Use or implement other masks to be configured it is worth noting that, described herein and/or explanation concept can be combined； To these all maskings for for example improving photoelectricity volume diagram signal and implementing with reference to described herein and/or explanation concept Set fall within the scope of the present invention is configured.

In another embodiment, optical transmitting set and/or detector can be configured with via the hole in device outside or a system Arrange hole transmitting light.This hole or this series of apertures can be filled with light transmitting epoxy resin (such as optical resin).Epoxy resin can shape Into light-guiding pillar, light is allowed to be emitted to skin from optical transmitting set and emit from skin and returns to photodetector.This technology also has Advantages below：Epoxy resin can form waterproof sealing, so as to prevent water, sweat or other liquid by the hole on device outside into Enter apparatus main body, the hole allows optical transmitting set and detector emit light into biometric monitoring arrangement body exterior and from Biometric monitoring arrangement body exterior receives light.Epoxy resin with high heat conductance can be used to help prevent light source (for example, LED it) overheats.

In any one of translucent construction as described herein, the exposure table of optical device (translucent construction) or apparatus main body Face may include painting firmly, hard dip-coating object or optical coating (such as antireflection, the blocking of anti-scratch, antifog and/or wavelength band (such as Ultraviolet light blocking) coating).These characteristics or material can improve the operation of biometric monitoring arrangement, accuracy and/or durable Property.

Fig. 4 A illustrate a potential PPG light source and the example of photoelectric detector geometry.In this embodiment, two light Source is placed on the either side of photoelectric detector.These three devices are located at wristband type biometric monitoring arrangement (its side face To the skin of user) the back side on it is raised in.

Fig. 4 B and 4C illustrate the example with the PPG sensors of photoelectric detector and two LED light sources.These components are placed In the biometric monitoring arrangement with protrusion on back side.Light-pipe optics connect LED and photoelectric detector and user's skin Surface.Side under the skin, the light from light source can scatter or reflect back into light from the blood scattering in body, some of which In photodetector.

Fig. 5 illustrates the example of the biometric monitoring arrangement with the optimized PPG detectors for possessing protrusion, the protrusion With curved side in order to avoid user is made not feel well.In addition, photoelectric detector and LED light are coupled to the skin of wearer The surface of light pipe is coupled to be wavy with the luminous flux maximized between LED and photoelectric detector and light pipe.The user oriented of light pipe The end of skin is also wavy.This profile can make light focusing or defocusing to optimize PPG signals.For example, the profile can make It is light emitted to focus on a certain depth for meeting the region that blood flow occur and position.The vertex of these focuses can be overlapped It is together or very close so that photoelectric detector receives the scattering light of maximum possible amount.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include concave or convex shape in the skin side of device Light is collected by (such as lens) so that light is focused on and increased towards the designated volume at the certain depth in skin from the point The efficiency of photoelectric detector.(see for example, Fig. 4 A are to 5).In such biometric monitoring arrangement also using light pipe with selectively And it controllably carries out moulding to the end of light-guiding pillar and makes it have a degree of cylindricity (example in the case of routing light Such as, nominally the end of light-guiding pillar can be cylindrical surface (or its portion defined by the cylinder axis for being parallel to skin side Point)) can be advantageous (using axially symmetric lens for example, substituting).For example, in Wrist belt-type biometric monitoring arrangement In, nominally such cylindrical lens can be oriented such that cylinder axis is parallel to the forearm of wearer, this measure can have Limit from the direction for the forearm for being parallel to people enter this lens-like light amount and increase from the direction of the forearm perpendicular to people into Enter the effect of the amount of this lens-like light, because compared with the direction (that is, forearm perpendicular to user) covered by bandage, environment Light is more likely to the direction never covered by the bandage of biometric monitoring arrangement (i.e. along the forearm axis of user) and reaches sensing Device detection zone, such configuration can be transmitted to light on user's skin from transmitter by increase or efficiency therein is reduced simultaneously Signal-to-noise ratio is improved by photoelectric detector detection or " spuious " light collected.By this method, it is sampled, measured by photoelectric detector And/or the signal of detection (is represented to institute by less stray light and to this light emitted more user's skin/body response Emit the signal or data of the response of light) composition.

In another embodiment, light transmitting epoxy resin may be molded as concave or convex shape to be also provided with for sensor The optical characteristics of benefit.For example, during light transmitting epoxy resin is coated, by the top for the translucent construction that the epoxy resin is formed Portion can be through being shaped as concave surface so that light is more efficiently coupled to translucent construction.

In one embodiment, the component of optical sensor can be positioned in the skin side of device, and arranged or positioning (i) light source and/or the distance between associated detector and (ii) user's skin is reduced or minimized.See such as Fig. 3 A, The cross-sectional view of the sensor protrusion of example portable monitoring device is provided.In figure 3 a, two light sources (for example, LED) are placed On the either side of photoelectric detector with realize PPG sense.Light-locking material be placed between light source and photoelectric detector to prevent Only any light from light source reaches main body of the photoelectric detector without exiting biometric monitoring arrangement first.Flexible transparent layer It can be placed in the lower surface of sensor protrusion to form sealing.This hyaline layer can serve other functions, such as prevent liquid Body enters device at the position for placing light source or photoelectric detector.This hyaline layer can be formed via in-mold label or " IML ".Light Source and photoelectric detector can be placed on flexible PCB.

Such configuration can improve the luminous flux coupling efficiency between the component of optical sensor and user's body.Citing comes Say, in one embodiment, light source and/or associated detector can be placed in flexible or flexible substrate, it is described flexible or Flexible substrate deflection, so as to which the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement (it can be made of conforming materials) be allowed to meet (for example, without extra process) or biometric monitoring arrangement can be met in the normal operating phase through moulding (or compliance) Between the shape of body part (for example, the wrist of user, arm, ankle and/or leg) that is coupled to or is attached to so that light source And/or associated detector close to user skin (that is, several between the skin side of device and the neighbouring surface of user's skin Gapless).See such as Fig. 6 A.In one embodiment, light source and/or associated detector can be placed in flat flexible cable On (Flat Flex Cable) or " FFC " or flexible PCB.In this embodiment, flexible or flexible substrate (for example, FFC or Flexible PCB) may be connected in device be mounted with other components (for example, data processing circuit) thereon the second substrate (for example, PCB).The optical module of different height may be mounted to the difference " finger " of flexible substrate and through pressing or being fastened to shell table Face so that optical module is flushed with case surface.In one embodiment, the second substrate can be opposite without flexible or inflexibility Substrate is fixed in the device, is mounted with other circuits and component (passive and/or active) thereon.

Fig. 3 C provide another cross-sectional view of example PPG Sensor Implementations.It is worth noting that, this PPG sensor In there is no protrusion.In addition, liquid gasket and/or contact adhesive are preventing liquid from entering biometric monitoring arrangement main body.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may be adapted to be worn or carried by user's body.Including the optics heart In some embodiments of rate monitor, device can be the wrist wearing type such as wrist-watch or bracelet or arm installing type ornament. (see for example, Fig. 2A is to 7).In one embodiment, the optical element of optics heart rate monitor can be located at biometric monitoring dress On the inside put or skin side, for example, when biometric monitoring arrangement is worn in wrist towards the top of wrist (that is, optics Heart rate monitor can be adjacent to and towards wrist).(see for example, Fig. 2A to 3C).

In another embodiment, optics heart rate monitor can be located at one or more external or rings of biometric monitoring arrangement On the side surface of border.(see for example, Fig. 6 B and 7).In these embodiments, user can use the finger touching optical window of phase backhand (optical element of optics heart rate monitor is located at its rear) with originate heart rate measurement (and/or other measurements related with heart rate, Such as changes in heart rate) and/or collect can be used to determine user heart rate (and/or other measurements related with heart rate) data. (see for example, Fig. 6 B).In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can pass through the incident light in sense photodiode It is (unexpected) decline and trigger or starting measure, for example, when the finger of user is placed on optical window.Additionally or alternatively Ground, can (it can be with other detectors by the proximity detector based on infrared ray and/or capacitor-type touch/proximity detector Separate) trigger heart rate measurement (or other such measurements).Such proximity detector and/or capacitive touch based on infrared ray Touch/proximity detector can be placed in optical window or thereon and/or functionally, electricity and/or be physically coupled to optical window Mouthful to detect or determine the presence of such as user's finger.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include button, and the button is triggered or risen when pressed Beginning heart rate measurement (and/or other measurements related with heart rate).The button can be placed in very close at optical window in hand Finger facilitates user to press button when being placed on optical window.(see for example, Fig. 7).In one embodiment, optical window can be embedding Enter in promoting button.Thus, when a user presses a button, it can trigger the measurement to the finger for pressing lower button.It in fact, can It assigns certain shape of button and/or presses pressure resistance, enhance or optimization button resists the pressure distribution of finger to measure or count According to providing high s/n ratio during acquisition.(undeclared) in other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in intermediate plate, smooth right As, pendant, ankletbangle, band etc. be suitable for being worn on body, clip to or being installed to dress, storage in the clothes (for example, pocket In) or be stored in form in ornament (for example, handbag).

In a particular embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can include protrusion in the skin side of device or inside. (see Fig. 2A to 6A).When being coupled to user, the protrusion is than peripheral devices main body with engaging skin more energetically.It is real herein It applies in example, optical window or translucent construction (both is all being discussed in detail above) can form a part for protrusion or be incorporated in prominent In rising.The optical transmitting set and/or detector of optical sensor can be positioned or arranged near window or translucent construction in protrusion. (see for example, Fig. 2 B and 6A).As a result, when the body for being attached to user, the window portion of the protrusion of biometric monitoring arrangement Than the peripheral devices main body skin of engaging user more energetically, thus provided more between the skin of user and optical window Firm physical coupling.That is, the protrusion can cause durable contact between biometric monitoring arrangement and the skin of user, The relative motion between amount, reduction biometric monitoring arrangement and the user of the stray light measured by photoelectric detector can be reduced, And/or offer is to the improved local pressure of user's skin；All these quality for improving heart signal of interest.It is worth It is noted that the protrusion contains close and/or rigid contact the other sensors benefited from user's skin.This A little sensors other than heart rate sensor or can substitute heart rate sensor and be included, and include such as skin temperature sensing Device (for example, using by hot epoxy resin be joined to protrusion outer surface optical window or thermal resistor it is contactless Thermoelectric pile), pulse oximeter, blood pressure sensor, the sensors such as EMG or skin electroresponse (GSR) sensor.

Additionally or alternatively, a part for the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement may include friction enhancing mechanism or material Material.For example, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement may include multiple raised or sunken areas or part (for example, small convex Block, oncus, groove and/or point).In addition, friction enhancing material is (for example, such as siloxanes isogel sample material or other bullets Property material) it can be placed in skin side.In fact, the device back side can also provide friction made of gel, while also improve and use Family comfort level and prevent stray light from entering.As noted above, friction enhancing mechanism or material can be individually or jointly as herein The described biometric monitoring arrangement with protrusion uses.In this regard, biometric monitoring arrangement can be in device It is in protrusion or upper comprising multiple raised or sunken areas or part (for example, small lugs, oncus, groove and/or point).It is real On border, these raised or sunken areas or part may be incorporated into/be embedded into the window portion of protrusion or on.Additionally or alternatively, Protrusion can be made of (for example, such as siloxanes isogel sample material) friction enhancing material or with the friction enhancing material Coating.It is worth noting that, the use of protrusion and/or friction can be by reducing biometric monitoring arrangement (and thus sensor) (especially user just during exercise) improves relative to the movement of the skin of user corresponding to certain parameters in operation The data of (for example, heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, pigmenting of skin, heat flux, blood pressure, blood glucose etc.) obtain The accuracy of measurement taken.

Some or all of the inside of biometric monitoring arrangement or skin side shell can also by metal material (for example, steel, Stainless steel, aluminium, magnesium or titanium) composition.Such configuration can provide structural rigidity.(see for example, Fig. 2 B).In such embodiments, it fills Putting main body can be designed to be low irritability by using low irritability " no nickel " stainless steel.It is worth noting that, it uses (at least in certain positions) at least slightly can be containing ferrous some type of metal (for example, for ferrous stainless steel grade) Advantageous.In these embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement is (wherein it includes rechargeable energy source (for example, rechargeable Battery)) can be interconnected via connector and charger, the connector using the magnet for being coupled to divalent iron material and by itself It is fastened to biometric monitoring arrangement.In addition, this magnetic properties engaged with base or extension also can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement Depressed place is to promote data to transmit.In addition, such shell can provide reinforced electric magnetic screen, it will enhancing optics heart rate sensor and the heart The integrality and reliability of rate data acquisition/operation.In addition, skin temperature transducer can for example pass through hot epoxy resin object Reason couples and is thermally coupled to metal master to sense the temperature of user.In the embodiment comprising protrusion, sensor can be positioned on Protrusion nearby or in protrusion arrives the rigid contact of user's skin and the thermal coupling of localization to provide.

In a preferred embodiment, one or more components of optical sensor (in one embodiment, can be located at protrusion In and/or in another embodiment, flushed with the surface of biometric monitoring arrangement with can disposing or place) via not leaking Liquid-tight envelope (that is, preventing method/mechanism that liquid enters in the main body of biometric monitoring arrangement) and be attached, fix, including and/ Or it is fastened to biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, in one embodiment, by metal (such as, but not limited to stainless steel, aluminium, magnesium Or titanium) or rigid plastics made of the device back side can provide it is hard enough the structural intergrity of device to be maintained to adapt to sense simultaneously The structure of the water-tight sealing of device encapsulation.(see for example, Fig. 2 B to 3C).

In a preferred embodiment, the encapsulation of optical sensor or module can be connected to by pressure sensitive adhesive and liquid gasket Device.See such as Fig. 3 C, another cross-sectional view of PPG Sensor Implementations is provided.It is worth noting that, this PPG is sensed There is no protrusion in device.In addition, liquid gasket and/or contact adhesive are preventing liquid from entering apparatus main body.For example, such as Fruit is in the firmer or more durable connection of optical sensor package/needed between module and apparatus main body, then spiral shell also can be used Nail, rivet etc..It is worth noting that, the present embodiment also can be used for example Golders (Gore-Tex), o ring, sealant, Optical sensor package/module is fastened or is attached to biometric by the marine glues such as grease or epoxy resin, hydrophobic diaphragm Monitoring arrangement main body.

As discussed above, biometric monitoring arrangement may include being placed on skin side or inside comprising high reflectance The material of characteristic, such as polished stainless steel, reflectivity paint and polished plastics.By this method, it is dissipated from the skin side of device The light penetrated can reflect back into skin for example to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of optics heart rate sensor.In fact, with it is nonreflective (or compared with Small reflectivity) the apparatus main body back side compare, this effectively increases input optical signal.It is worth noting that, in one embodiment In, the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or the color of inside can be chosen to provide certain optical characteristics (for example, reflection is special Fixed or predetermined wavelength light), to improve the signal about certain physiological data types.For example, it is monitored in biometric In the case that the skin side of device or inside are green, it is attributable to the preferred emission of the light of the wavelength corresponding to green light spectrum and increases The measurement of cardiac stimulant rate.In the case where the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or inside are red, it is attributable to correspond to red The preferred emission of the light of the wavelength of spectrum and enhance SpO₂Measurement.It in one embodiment, can be according to acquired physiology number According to predefined type and change, adjust and/or control the skin side of biometric monitoring arrangement or the color of inside.

Figure 11 A describe the example schematic block diagram of optics heart rate sensor, wherein skin hair of the light from light source towards user Go out, and the reflection of this light from skin/body interior of user is sensed by photodetector, the signal from photodetector then passes through A/D converter (ADC) digitizes.Can change the intensity (for example, via intensity of light source control module) of light source with maintain in accordance with The reflected signal strength needed.For example, the intensity of light source can be reduced to avoid the output signal saturation from photodetector.Make For another example, it is possible to increase the intensity of light source is with needed for the output signal from photodetector is maintained in the range of output valve.Value It obtains it is noted that the active control of system can be via linearly or nonlinearly control method (for example, proportional-integral-differential (PID) Control, fixed step size control, predictive control, neural network, lag, etc.) it realizes, and also usable its from device Information derived from its sensor (such as movement, skin electroresponse, etc.).Figure 11 A are provided to illustrate rather than these systems Embodiment is limited to the ADC being for example integrated in MCU or uses MCU in this respect.Other possible embodiments, which include, uses one Or multiple internal or external ADC, FPGA, ASIC, etc..

In another embodiment, the system with optics heart rate sensor may be incorporated into sampling and holding circuit (or equivalent) Use with turn off or decay light source to save power when maintain photodetector output.The phase of photodetector output wherein To changing in vital embodiment (for example, heart rate measurement), sampling and holding circuit can need not maintain the defeated of photodetector The accurate duplication gone out.In some cases, sampling and holding can be simplified as such as diode (for example, Schottky diode) and electricity Container.Sampling and the output of holding circuit can be presented to analog signal and adjust circuit (for example, sarin-base (Sallen-Key) band Bandpass filter, level shifter and/or gain circuitry) to adjust and amplify the signal in band of interest (for example, for the heart Dirty or respiratory function, 0.1Hz to 10Hz), it can then pass through ADC digital.See such as Figure 11 B.

In operation, such as those are opened up in the circuit of circuits described herein topology (such as sampling and holding circuit) The DC and low frequency component for removing signal are flutterred, and helps to parse the AC component related with heart rate and/or breathing.Embodiment also may include Circuit is adjusted for the analog signal of variable gain setting, can be controlled to provide suitable signal (for example, unsaturated).Light The performance characteristics of source, photodetector and/or sampling and holding (for example, the climb rate and/or gain band width product) and power consumption Analog signal can be significantly higher than and adjust circuit to realize that the rapid operation of light source recycles.In some embodiments, it is supplied to light source And the power of photodetector can be individually controlled to provide excess power saving with the power that analog signal is supplied to adjust circuit. Alternatively or additionally, the functionality such as enabling, deactivate and/or shut down can be used to realize that power is saved for circuit.In another reality It applies in example, photodetector and/or sampling and the output of holding circuit other than analog signal adjusts circuit or can substitute simulation Circuit for signal conditioning and be sampled to control the luminous intensity of light source or measure physiological parameter of interest (for example, working as mould by ADC Intend circuit for signal conditioning when not yet stablizing after changing luminous intensity setting).It is worth noting that, because physiology of interest is believed It is number small usually relative to the intrinsic resolution of ADC, therefore in some embodiments, can adjust reference voltage and/or the gain of ADC To enhance signal quality and/or over sampling can be carried out to ADC.In another embodiment, device can be for example, by over sampling, adjustment The reference voltage of ADC and/or gain or numeric only sampling and the output of holding circuit using high resolution A/D C.See for example Figure 11 C.

PPG DC deviate removal technology

In another embodiment, sensor device may be incorporated into difference amplifier and be changed with amplifying the opposite of the output of photodetector Become.See such as Figure 11 F.In some embodiments, digital averaging or digital low-pass filtering letter can be subtracted from the output of photodetector Number.This modified signal can be then amplified, and then it is by ADC digital.It in another embodiment, can be via for example using taking Sample and holding circuit and analog signal adjust circuit and are subtracted from the output of photodetector and simulate average or analogue low pass filtering letter Number.It is supplied to the power of light source, photodetector and difference amplifier can be with being supplied to the power that analog signal adjusts circuit independent Ground control is saved with improving power.

In another embodiment, a signal (voltage or electric current, depending on particular sensor can be subtracted from original PPG signals Embodiment) to remove any biasing in original PPG signals, and therefore increase containing heart rate (or other loop parameters, such as Changes in heart rate) gain of PPG signals of information or the amplification PPG signals.This signal can be set to default value, base in the factory A value is set in particular skin reflectivity, absorption and/or the color of user and/or may depend on from ambient light sensing The feedback of device changes depending on the analysis of PPG signals itself.For example, if it is determined that PPG signals are deviated with big DC, Constant voltage can be so subtracted from PPG signals to remove DC offsets and realize larger gain, therefore improve PPG signal qualities. In this example, DC offsets can result from reaches the ambient light of photoelectric detector (for example, from the sun or from room from PPG light sources Intraoral illumination) or from PPG light sources reflect light.

In another embodiment, difference amplifier can be used to measure the currently poor rather than each signal between previous sample Magnitude.Because the magnitude of each sample is usually more much bigger than the difference between each sample, larger gain can be applied to Each measurement, therefore improve PPG signal qualities.The signal can then be integrated to obtain original time domain signal.

In another embodiment, optical detector module may be incorporated into the transimpedance amplifier grade with variable gain.It is such to match Putting can avoid or minimize because bright ambient light and/or saturation during from the bright light that light source emits.For example, transimpedance is put The gain of big device can pass through the variable resistance in the negative feedback paths of transimpedance amplifier and/or one group of multiplexing resistor And automatically reduce.In some embodiments, device can carry out amplitude modulation and then to light detection by the intensity to light source The output of device is demodulated (for example, synchronous detection) and is incorporated to few optics shielding from ambient light.See such as Figure 11 E. In other aspects, if there is ambient light enough brightness to obtain heart rate signal, then light source can reduce brightness and/or close completely Fall.

It in another embodiment, can be in combination using aforementioned processing technology with the physiological parameter of optical measurement user.See Such as Figure 11 G.This permissible system of topology with low-power measurement state and circuit topology (in where applicable) operation and optionally and Suitable for higher-wattage measuring state and circuit topology.For example, system can use simulation during or sitting fixed in user Circuit for signal conditioning measures physiological parameter (for example, heart rate) of interest to reduce power consumption, but direct in User Activity It is switched to and the over sampling formula that photodetector exports is sampled.

In the embodiment for including heart rate monitor in wherein biometric monitoring arrangement, signal is handled to obtain heart rate measurement It may include filtering and/or Signal Regulation, such as bandpass filtering (for example, Butterworth (Butterworth) filters).Believe to offset The big transition and/or the convergence of the improvement filtering that may occur in number, can be used such as neural network or climb rate limitation Wait nonlinear methods.The data (such as movement, skin electroresponse, skin temperature etc.) of sensor on device can be used to adjust Signal Regulation method used in whole.Under specified operating conditions, it can be carried out by the number to the signal peak in time window It counts or measures and use by using the basic frequency or second harmonic (for example, via Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) of signal The heart rate at family.In other cases, such as in user movement the heart rate data obtained, can be to the signal and spectral peak that are extracted Value performs FFT, can be followed by by multiple target tracking device (it, continuing, merge and delete tracking to the frequency spectrum) It is pocessed.In some embodiments, one group of similar operations can be performed to motor message, and output is used for movable discriminating (for example, sitting, walking, running, sleep, lie down, being seated, cycling, typewriting, elliptical exercise, weight training), it is more to assist Target tracker.For example, with this information it is possible to determine user is fixed and has started to move.This information can be used to preferentially to make tracking after It is continuous to be partially deflected in increase frequency.Similarly, movable discriminator can determine that user has stopped running or just more slowly running, and this Information can be used to that tracking continuation part is preferentially made to be partial to reduce frequency.Single sweep or more scanning multiple target tracking device topologys can be used Realize tracking, such as joint probability data association tracker, multiple hypotheis tracking, immediate neighbor, etc..It can be via Kalman Wave filter, spline regression, particle filter, Interacting Multiple Model Algorithm etc. complete the estimation and prediction in tracker.Tracking Selector module can be used the output trajectory from multiple spectra tracker and estimate the heart rate of user.The estimation can be taken as maximum Possibility track, the control of track its weighted sum of probability etc. for heart rate.In addition, movable discriminator can influence to obtain heart rate The selection and/or fusion of estimation.For example, if user is sleeping, is being seated, lying down or sitting, then prior probability can It can be partial to 40 to the heart rate in 80bpm ranges；And if user is running, jogging or is carrying out other strenuous exercises, then Prior probability may be partial to the raised heart rate in 90 to 180bpm ranges.The influence of movable discriminator can the speed based on user Degree.When user does not move, estimation can shift to the basic frequency (or completely by its acquisition) of signal.It can be changed based on instruction activity The criterion selection of change is corresponding to the track of user's heart rate；For example, if user walks since fixed, then can be excellent First selection illustrates the track of the offset towards upper frequency.

The acquisition of good heart rate signal can carry out wired via biometric monitoring arrangement or with biometric monitoring arrangement Or the display on another device (for example, mobile phone equipped with bluetooth low energy) of wireless communication is indicated to user. In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement may include S meter, by can be by the pulse for the LED that user inspects To represent.Pulse can be timed or related consistent with the heartbeat with user.Intensity, pulse rates and/or the color of LED can be through repairing Change or adjust to imply signal strength.For example, relatively bright LED intensity can represent stronger signal or in RGB LED Configuration, green LED can represent stronger signal.

In some embodiments, energy (for example, quadratic sum) of the signal in the frequency band of such as 0.5Hz to 4Hz can be passed through To determine the intensity of heart rate signal.In other embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can have, may be incorporated into or construction is to shell And/or strain gauge, pressure sensor, force snesor or the other contact indication sensors in belt (are monitored in biometric and are filled Put be attached to belt (such as wrist-watch, bracelet and/or armband) or with belt (it can be then secured to user) installation implement In example).The data from these contact sensors can be solely based on or calculate signal with reference to the data from heart rate signal Quality metric (for example, heart rate signal quality).

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can via photodetector array (such as photodiode or The grid of CCD camera) heart rate is monitored optically.Can via the signature tracking to skin and/or using accelerometer and The adaptive motion of gyroscope corrects to track movement of the Optical devices relative to skin.Detector array can with skin contact or Small distance is deviated from skin.Can actively control (for example, passing through motor) detector array and its associated optics with It maintains the stabilization image of target and obtains heart rate signal.Information or figure from motion sensor (for example, gyroscope) can be used Realize that this optical-mechanical stabilizes as feature.In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can be used, illuminates skin (wherein each photoelectric detector is between the adjacent detector for compared with for coherent or incoherent light source and photodetector array Intensity (so as to obtain so-called spot pattern, a variety of image trace technologies can be used to be tracked, such as light stream, template Match, Edge track etc.) comparator be associated) implement relative motion elimination.In this embodiment, for the light of motion tracking Source may differ from for the light source of optics heart rate monitor.

In another embodiment, multiple photoelectric detectors that biometric monitoring arrangement can be distributed by the surface along device And photophore (photoemitter) composition, the skin of described device touching user is (that is, the skin of biometric monitoring arrangement Side).(see for example, Fig. 2A to 6A).For example, in the example of bracelet, it may be present and be placed on along belt internal circumference Multiple photoelectric detectors and photophore in each site.(see for example, Fig. 6 A).Heart rate signal matter associated with each site Metric may be calculated to determine best or one group of best site for estimating user's heart rate.Then, it can deactivate or turn off institute Some in rheme point are for example to reduce power consumption.Device can periodically check some or all of site place Heart rate signal quality is to enhance, monitor and/or optimize signal and/or power efficiency.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include heart rate monitor system, and it includes such as optics, sound Multiple sensors such as, pressure, electricity (for example, ECG or EKG) and movement, and merge the two or two in these sensors More than person information is to provide the estimation of heart rate and/or mitigate noise by exercise induced.

In addition to heart rate monitor (or other biometrics monitoring) or substitute heart rate monitor (or the monitoring of other biometrics), In some embodiments, it is sudden and violent to be based on the tracking of striation part or detection ultraviolet light to may include optical sensor for biometric monitoring arrangement Reveal, the time and duration of whole outdoor optical exposures, (fluorescent light is sudden and violent for the duration of the type of light source and light source and intensity Dew, incandescent light exposure, halogen, etc.), to TV exposure (based on light type and flicker rate), user indoors or exist Outdoor, time of day and position.In one embodiment, ultraviolet light detecting sensors can be by being driven to the reverse bias of photodetector LED emitter forms.For example, thus detector generate photoelectric current feature can be measure LED capacitance (or substitute Ground, parallel capacitance) electric discharge the time it takes.

All optical sensors discussed herein can combine other sensors using to improve data as described above Detection or detection to strengthen other types of physiology or environmental data.

In the case where biometric monitoring arrangement includes audio or passive acoustic sensor, device can contain one or more Passive acoustic sensor detects sound and pressure and may include, but are not limited to microphone, piezoelectric film etc..Acoustic sensor can pacify It puts on one or more sides of device, comprising touching or towards the side (skin side) of skin and the side (ring of Environment Oriented Border side).

Skin side acoustics or audio sensor can detect any kind of sound sent out via body, and these sensors Can by optimize these sensors noise when the array of both power consumptions or pattern and arrange.These sensors, which can detect, exhales Inhale (for example, by listening attentively to lung), Breathiness (for example, breathing, snoring) and problem (for example, sleep apnea, etc.), heart rate The voice of (listening attentively to heartbeat), user (via the sound sent out from vocal cords by body).

The biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention also may include skin electroresponse (GSR) circuit to measure the skin pair of user The response of mood and physical stimulation or physiological change (for example, transformation of sleep stage).In some embodiments, biometric is supervised View apparatus can be that wrist or arm install formula device, be incorporated to the belt made of conductive rubber or fabric so that skin pricktest is rung Answer electrode that can be hidden in belt.Because skin pricktest response circuit can suffer from changing temperature and environmental condition, It also may include realizing the circuit calibrated automatically, such as two or two with application on human skin/electrode path in parallel or series Changeable reference resistor above allows the real-time response measured to characterize skin pricktest response circuit to known resistance device. Reference resistor can be switched on and off in measuring route so that can be independently and/or with the resistance of application on human skin simultaneously to it It measures.

For performing the circuit of PPG

PPG circuits can be optimized to obtain best quality signal, and independent of a variety of environmental conditions, including but not limited to fortune Dynamic, ambient light and the colour of skin.Circuits below and technology can be used to perform this optimization (see Figure 16 A to 16J)；

Sampling and holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifier available for PPG sensings.Output signal is with reference to given Voltage it is current between previous sample through amplify it is poor.

To in the controlled current source of the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " electric current.This allows to amplify in transimpedance Larger gain is applied at device grade.

For being applied to the sampling of the current feedback of photodiode (before transimpedance amplifier) and holding circuit. This can be used for ambient light removal or " biasing " electric current to remove or as pseudo-differential amplifier (may need double track).

There is difference/instrument amplifier that ambient light is eliminated.

Compensate the photodiode by the DAC electric currents dynamically generated.

Compensate the photodiode of electric current dynamically generated by controlled voltage source.

The ambient light of " switched capacitor " method of use removes.

Compensate the photoelectricity two of electric current (can also be completed by constant voltage source and resistor) generated by constant current source Pole pipe.

Differencing between ambient light removal and continuous sample.

Figure 16 A illustrate the sampling that can be used for PPG sensings and the signal of the example of holding circuit and difference/instrument amplifier Figure.Output signal in such circuit can be with reference to poor through amplifying between the current sample of given voltage and previous sample.

Figure 16 B explanations are using controlled current source come in the PPG sensors of the precompensation of transimpedance amplifier " biasing " electric current Circuit example schematic.This allows to apply larger gain at transimpedance amplifier grade.

Figure 16 C illustrate to be used to be applied to photodiode (across resistance for the use sampling of PPG sensors and holding circuit Before anti-amplifier) current feedback circuit example schematic.This circuit can be used for ambient light removal or " biasing " electric current It removes or as pseudo-differential amplifier.

Discussion is discussed in greater detail in No. 61/946,439 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed on 2 28th, 2014 The various circuits related with using the heart rate measurement of PPG sensors and concept, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously " right The cross reference of related application " is incorporated herein by reference in part, and is carried out relative to PPG sensors Heart rate measurement and for performing such measurement (for example) to compensate the circuit of sensor saturation, ambient light and the colour of skin, method And the content of system is incorporated by reference hereby again.

Biometric is fed back

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can provide a user feedback based on one or more biometric signals. In one embodiment, PPG signals can be as real-time or near real-time waveform on the display of biometric monitoring arrangement (or on the display of auxiliary device to communicate with the biometric monitoring arrangement) is presented to the user.This waveform can provide with The similar feedback of the waveform that is shown on ECG or EKG machines.Except provide a user can be used to estimate various cardiac measures (for example, Heart rate) PPG signals instruction except, the waveform may also provide feedback, and the feedback may be such that user can optimize its pendant Wear position and the pressure of biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, waveform can be seen with short arc in user.In response to this, use Family can attempt to for the position of biometric monitoring arrangement to be moved to the different location for providing higher amplitudes signal.In some embodiment party In case, based on these instructions, biometric monitoring arrangement can provide instructions to user with mobile or adjustment biometric monitoring dress The collocation degree put is to improve signal quality.

In another embodiment, the matter about PPG signals can be provided a user via the method different from display waveform The feedback of amount.If signal quality (such as signal-to-noise ratio) is more than a certain threshold value, then biometric monitoring arrangement can send out the sense of hearing It alarms (such as buzzer).Visual cues (for example, via display is used) can be supplied to user by biometric monitoring arrangement To change the position of sensor and/or increase the pressure of wearable device (for example, passing through in the case where device is worn in wrist Tense wrist strap).

The sensor that can be directed to different from PPG sensors provides biometric feedback.For example, if device uses ECG, EMG are connected to the device for performing any one of these, then it can be provided a user about from those sensors Waveform feedback.If the signal-to-noise ratio of these sensors is low or signal quality is damaged due to other reasons, then may indicate that use Family its how can improve the signal.For example, if heart rate cannot be detected from ECG sensor, then device can to Family provides visual message, indicates its wetting or gets ECG electrode wet to improve signal.

Environmental sensor

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be used one in following environmental sensor, some Or environmental data is for example all obtained, include the environmental data summarized in the following table.These biometric monitoring arrangements are unlimited In the number or type of sensor as specified below, and the other sensors of environmental data for obtaining and being summarized in following table can be used. All combinations of environmental sensor and/or environmental data and arrangement is set falls within the scope of the present invention.In addition, device can be from right Inductive sensing device output data export environmental data, but be not limited to its can derived from the sensor environmental data type.

It is worth noting that, environmentally sensitive as described herein can be used in the embodiment of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention One or more of device or one or more of biosensor whole and as described herein are whole.In fact, the present invention Biometric monitoring arrangement can be used any sensor currently known or develop later obtain environmental data as described herein and Any one of physiological data is whole, all set to fall within the scope of the present invention.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include for example being placed in or the height inside crust of the device Spend flowmeter sensor.(see for example, Figure 12 B and 12C；Figure 12 C explanations are with biosensor, environmental sensor and are connected to processing The example of the portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement of the position sensor of device).In the case, crust of the device can have ventilation Mouthful, allow device internal measurement, detection, sampling and/or any change for undergoing external pressure.In one embodiment, lead to Air port can prevent water from entering device, while promote the change via altimeter sensor measurement, detection and/or sampling pressure.It lifts For example, the outer surface of biometric monitoring arrangement may include ventilation opening type configuration or framework (for example, Gore^TMVentilation opening), It allows surrounding air to move in and out the shell of device, and (it allows altimeter sensor measurement, detection and/or sampling pressure Change), but reduce, prevent and/or minimize water and other liquid flows are moved in the shell of device.

In one embodiment, height flowmeter sensor can be with gel-filled, and the gel allows sensor to undergo in gel Except pressure change.Gel may act as relatively impermeable, incompressible and flexible diaphragm, and external pressure is changed It is emitted to altimeter and is physically separated altimeter (and other internal components) and external environment simultaneously.Use gel-filled altimeter The environmental protection of higher level can be provided to device in the case where using or sealing ventilation opening without using environment.Device can be solidifying Glue packed height meter, which is in, to be had including but not limited in the case of in the position of following position compared with high viability (survivability rate)：Position, washing machine, dish-washing machine, dryer, vaporium or sauna chamber, leaching with high humility Any position that bath, pond, bathtub and device are likely to be exposed at moisture, are exposed to liquid or are immersed in liquid.

Sensor integration/signal processing

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be used from two or more sensors Data come calculate as the correspondence physiology seen in following table or environmental data (for example, can use in combination from two or two with The data of upper sensor determine the measurement for the measurement being for example listed herein below).Biometric monitoring arrangement may include, but are not limited to Number, type or the combination of sensor as specified below.In addition, these biometric monitoring arrangements can be combined from respective sensor The included data of export, but be not limited to that the number or type of data calculated can be combined from respective sensor.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement also may include near-field communication (NFC) receiver/transmitter to examine Measure the proximity of another device such as mobile phone.When make biometric monitoring arrangement close to second device or reach with During the detectable degree of approach of second device, can trigger start in second device it is new functionalized (for example, start mobile phone on " application program " and make the physiological data radio synchronization from described device to second device).(see for example, Figure 10).It is real On border, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can implement U.S. provisional patent application cases 61/ filed in 5 days March in 2012 606,559 (" near field communication system and its operating method (Near Field Communication System, and Method Of Operating Same) ", inventor：James Parker (James Park), content is for this this purpose to quote Mode is incorporated herein) described in and/or the circuit of explanation and any one of technology.

Figure 10 illustrate thereon with bicycle application program portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement example, it is described voluntarily Vehicle application program can show the step of bicycle speed and/or pedal and other measurements.Whenever biometric monitoring arrangement When being marked close to passive or active NFC, the application program can be started.This NFC marks the handlebar that could attach to user.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement may include that position sensor (for example, GPS circuitry) and heart rate pass Sensor (for example, photoelectricity volume diagram circuit) to generate GPS or location dependent data and heart rate related data respectively.(see, for example, Figure 12 B and 12C).Biometric monitoring arrangement can then merge, handle and/or combine the number from the two sensor/circuits According to this for example according to physiological data (for example, heart rate, anxiety, activity level, amount of sleep and/or calorie are taken in) to determine, phase Pass and/or " mapping " geographic region.By this method, biometric monitoring arrangement, which can recognize that, increases or reduces measurable user metric The geographic region of (being taken in including but not limited to heart rate, anxiety, activity level, amount of sleep and/or calorie).

Additionally or alternatively, GPS related datas and photoelectricity volume can be used in some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement Figure related data (it is worth noting that, each of which person is regarded as data flow) come according to activity level (for example, such as passing through Acceleration, speed, position and/or the travel distance (such as measured by GPS and/or determined from GPS related datas) of user is come really It is fixed) it determines the heart rate of user or makes its correlation.(see for example, Figure 12 B and 12C).Herein, in one embodiment, it can be directed to and use The heart rate or the data that family " plotting " becomes with speed can be analyzed to different level, including but not limited to sleep, tranquillization, long Seat, moderately active, activity and high activity.

In fact, some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can also make GPS related datas and predetermined geographic locality (tool Have the activity associated there for one group of predetermined condition) database it is related.For example, activity determines and corresponds to physiology Classification (for example, heart rate classification) may include making the GPS coordinates of user (to correspond to exercise device, health club and/or gymnasium Position) it is related to physiological data.In these cases, it can automatically measure and be shown in the use during such as gymnasium body-building Family heart rate.It is worth noting that, many physiological classifications can be based on GPS related datas, comprising position, acceleration, height above sea level, away from From and/or speed.Such database includes geodata, and compileable, physiology data and/or stores it in biometer It measures on monitoring arrangement and/or external computing device.In fact, in one embodiment, the user creatable positional number of its own According to library or addition or location revision database with its activity of preferably classifying.

In another embodiment, user can wear multiple biometric monitoring arrangements simultaneously (has feature as described herein Any one of).Wired or wireless circuit can be used to communicate with one another or filled with long-range for the biometric monitoring arrangement of this embodiment Communication is put, is for example likely difficult to calculate or calculate inaccurate biometric or physiology quality or amount in other ways to calculate, Such as pulsation conduction time.The use of multiple sensors, which can also improve the accuracy of biometric measurement and/or accuracy, makes it Accuracy and/or accuracy better than single sensor.For example, on waist, wrist and ankle have biometric with Track device can improve the detection taken a step to user (compared with the situation of the single device only in one of those positions).It can be with Distributed or centralized approach performs signal processing in biometric tracks of device and has with situation about providing compared with single device Improvedd measurement.It can also remotely perform this signal processing and convey after the treatment and return to biometric tracks of device.

In another embodiment, it can make heart rate or other biometric datas are related to the food daily record of user (user takes the photograph Food, its nutritional contents and its partial daily record taken).Food journal entries can automatically key in food daily record or can be by user Itself via with biometric monitoring arrangement (or the auxiliary or remote-control device to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement, such as intelligently Phone or some the other devices to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement, such as server) interaction and key in.About user The information that body reacts the biometric that one or more foods input can be presented to the user.For example, if user drinks coffee Coffee, then its heart rate may thus rise due to coffee.In another example, if user feeds the larger portion of food at dead of night Point, then it may take longer for falling asleep than usual.Food in biometric inputs any group with corresponding result Conjunction is incorporated into such reponse system.

Food intake data and biometric data merge some embodiments that also may be such that biometric monitoring arrangement The glucose level of user can be estimated.This may be particularly useful for suffering from the user of diabetes.By being related to Portugal The activity (such as walking, running, caloric burn) of grape sugar level and user and the algorithm of nutrition intake, biometric monitoring dress Putting can suggest when it may have abnormal blood glucose level to user.

Handle task delegation

The embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement may include one or more processors.For example, stand-alone utility Processor can be used to store and perform using (processing is passed from physiology, environment and/or activity by one or more sensor processors The processor of the data of sensor) obtain and processing sensing data application program.There are the feelings of multiple sensors wherein Under condition, it is also possible to which there are multiple sensor processors.Application processor, which can also have, is directly connected to its sensor.It passes Sensor can be used as independent discrete chip to exist or be present in identical encapsulated chip (multi-core) with application processor.Dress Single application processor or application processor and sensor processor or the processing of multiple application programs can be had by putting Device and sensor processor.

In one embodiment, sensor processor can be placed in the daughter board being made of all simulated assemblies (daughterboard) on.This plate, which can have, is commonly found in some in the electronic device on main PCB, such as, but not limited to across Impedance amplifier, filter circuit, horizontal shift device, sampling and holding circuit and micro controller unit.Such permissible son of configuration Card is via using number to connect and non-analog connection (in addition to any necessary electric power or grounding connection) is connected to master PCB.Number connection can have the advantages that better than simulation daughter board connected to main PCB it is a variety of, including but not limited to noise reduction And the reduction of necessary cable number.Daughter board can be connected to mainboard via flexible cable or one group of conducting wire is used.

Multiple application programs are storable in application processor.Application program can by be used for the application program Actuating code and data composition, but it is not limited to these.Data can be as the figure or other information group needed for performing the application program Into, and it can be to be exported by the information that application program generates.It can be all resident for both the executable code of application program and data It can be stored in application processor (or the memory being incorporated in) or for the data of application program from external memory And retrieval.External memory may include, but are not limited to nand flash memory, NOR flash memory, the flash memory on another processor, other solid-states and deposit Storage device, machinery or optical disc, RAM, etc..

It is also storable in external memory for the executable code of application program.It is held when application processor receives During the request of row application program, the application processor can be retrieved from external memory executable code and/or data and Perform the executable code and/or data.The executable code can temporarily or permanently be stored in depositing for application processor On reservoir or storage device.This allows application program that next perform is answered to ask and more quickly perform, because eliminating retrieval step Suddenly.When asking executing application, application processor can retrieve all executable codes or executable code of application program Part.In the latter case, it only retrieves in the executable code part needed at that time.This allows to perform than application program processing The big application program of the memory or storage device of device.

Application processor can also have memory protection feature to prevent application program overriding, destruction, interrupt, blocking Or other components of other application program, sensing system, application processor or system are interfered in other ways.

Application program can be via a variety of wired, wireless, optics or capacitance mechanism (including but not limited to USB, Wi-Fi, indigo plant Tooth, bluetooth low energy, NFC, RFID, purple honeybee) it is loaded on application processor and/or any external memory.

Application program is also signed to available electron encrypted signature.Application program can be performed limitation by application processor In with those people correctly to sign.

The system integration in biometric monitoring arrangement

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, in biometric monitoring arrangement or some sensors or electricity Subsystem can integrate or can share component or resource each other.For example, for the photoelectric detector (example of optics heart rate sensor It such as can be used on 2 28th, 2014 No. 61/946,439 U.S. for applying and being previously incorporated herein by reference interim In the heart rate sensor discussed in patent application case), the photoelectric detector for determining ambient light level is can also act as, such as It can be used to influence of the correction ambient light to heart rate sensor reading.For example, if light source for such heart rate detector Turn off, then the light measured by the photoelectric detector may indicate that the amount of existing ambient light.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, such as optics heart rate can be used in biometric monitoring arrangement The vehicle-mounted optical sensor such as the component in monitor is configured or is communicated.For example, optics heart rate sensor (or, If it does, ambient light sensor) photoelectric detector can also act as optical emitting channel (such as infrared communication) Receiver.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, it may include hybrid antenna, a combination thereof radio-frequency antenna (such as Bluetooth antenna or GPS antenna) and inductive loop (such as available in near-field communication (NFC) label or inductive charging system).Herein In a little embodiments, the functionality of two different systems may be provided in an integrated system, so as to save encapsulation volume.Herein In class hybrid antenna, inductive loop can be placed to the radiator close proximity to inverted-F antenna.The inductive loop can be inductively It couples with radiator, so as to which the inductive loop be allowed to serve as the flat elements of antenna for radio frequency purpose, thus is formed for example flat Smooth inverted-F antenna.Meanwhile inductive loop can also serve its normal function, such as via the electromagnetic field with being generated by NFC reader Inductive coupling and provide electric current to NFC chip.The example of these hybrid antenna systems was discussed in more detail in March, 2014 In 61/948th, No. 470 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed in 5 days, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously " to phase The cross reference of pass application case " is incorporated herein by reference and in part again hereby about at hybrid antenna structure The content pointed out and be herein incorporated by reference.Certainly, these hybrid antennas can also be used to be different from biometric monitoring arrangement Other electronic devices in, and such non-biometric monitoring arrangement use of hybrid antenna is covered within the scope of the invention.

The method of wearable device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may include shell, and size and shape promotion monitor biometric Device in the body that user is fixed to during normal operation, wherein described device when being coupled to user immeasurably or significantly Ground influences the activity of user.The biometric monitoring arrangement may depend on the specific biography being integrated into biometric monitoring arrangement Sensor encapsulates and user wears the data of desired acquisition in different ways.

User can be by using belt (its for flexible and be thus easily fitted to user) and by the biometer of the present invention Some embodiments of amount monitoring arrangement are worn on its wrist or ankle (or arm or leg).The belt can have adjustable full circle Week, therefore it is allowed to be fitted to user.The material construction that the belt is shunk when can be by being exposed to heat forms, therefore allows user Establish the adaptation of customization.The belt can be dismantled from " electronic device " part of biometric monitoring arrangement and when necessary can be more It changes.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be made of two primary clusterings：Main body (contains " electronics device Part ") and belt (promotion attaches a device to user).The main body may include shell (such as by plastics or plastic-like material system Into) and from main body protrude extension protruding portion (such as being made of metal or metal-like material).(see for example, Fig. 2 C to 3C).Institute Stating belt (such as being made of thermoplasticity amido formate) can for example mechanically or adherent fashion is attached to body.The band Son can extend a part from the circumference of user's wrist.It the distal end of amido formate belt can be with Velcro or shackle elastic fabric Belt (on side encompasses D-ring and is then attached and return to itself) connection.In this embodiment, closing means allow to use Family ad infinitum carries out belt length adjustment (be different from index hole and mechanical snap is closed).Velcro or elastic fabric can allow It is replaced (if for example, it is worn or undesirably wear in other ways before the useful end of life of device Wear) mode be attached to belt.In one embodiment, Velcro or fabric can pass through screw or rivet and/or glue, bonding Agent and/or buckle are attached to belt.

The present invention biometric monitoring arrangement embodiment can also be integrated into and be worn on necklace, chest strap, brassiere, adhesion In property sticking patch, glass, earing or toestraps of yacht (toe band).These biometric monitoring arrangements can be built-in as follows：It passes The part of sensor encapsulation/biometric monitoring arrangement is removable and can be including but not limited to those listed above mode Any number of mode wear.

In another embodiment, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention can clip to dress through wearing Or it is stored in clothes (for example, pocket) or ornament (for example, handbag, knapsack, wallet).Because these biometrics monitor Device, so in the embodiment comprising heart rate measurement, manually can be put device by user not close to the skin of user In AD HOC (for example, by press lower button, with finger tip cover capacitive touch sensor, etc., may have be embedded in by Heart rate sensor in button/sensor) and in discrete, " on demand " context or automatically (once device is placed on by user On skin (for example, finger is applied to optics heart rate sensor)) it is measured.

With the user interface of device

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement may include allowing locally or remotely interacting with device The functionality of one or more methods.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can convey data via digital display with visual manner.This Any one or more display technologies can be used in the physical embodiments of display, including but not limited to one or more in the following Person：LED, LCD, AMOLED, electric ink, clear display technology, graphic alphanumeric display and other display technologies, such as TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, TFT, IPS and OLET.This display can be illustrated on device locally obtain or storage data or can show from The data that other devices or Internet service remotely obtain.Sensor can be used (for example, ambient light passes in biometric monitoring arrangement Sensor " ALS ") control or adjust the amount of screen backlight (if using backlight).For example, in poorly lit situation, display Device adjustable dark is to save battery life, and in bright lighting context, display brightness can increase so that its be easier by User reads.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used it is monochromatic or it is multi-colored led come instruction device state.It is raw The state of LED indication can be used to can include but not limited to, for example, the biometrics such as heart rate state or for example pass for object metering monitoring arrangement Enter message or reach the Application Status of target etc..These states can be opened or closed by the color of LED, LED (or in centre Intensity), the pulse (and/or its rate) of LED and/or luminous intensity pattern from being completely turned off maximum brightness indicate.One In a embodiment, stages of LED available subscribers hearts rate and frequency modulate its intensity and/or color.

In some embodiments, display is allowed to remain up and without nonreflective display using electronic ink display The battery drain of device.This " normally opened " functionality can (wherein user can simply sweep biometric in such as wrist-watch application program Monitoring arrangement is to see the time) in the case of pleasant user experience is provided.Electronic ink display shows content always Battery life without damaging device, so as to which user be allowed to see the time (as it on conventional wristwatch).

The light such as LED can be used to show that the heart rate of user (passes through in some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement Modulate the amplitude of light sent out with the frequency of user's heart rate).Described device can via LED color (for example, green, red) or The a succession of LED (for example, progress bar) lighted according to the change of heart rate come describe heart rate area (for example, aerobic, anaerobism, Deng).Biometric monitoring arrangement can integrate or be incorporated into such as glass or goggles another device or structure in or and glass Or goggles communication with by this presentation of information to user.

Information can be also communicated to user by some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement via the physical motion of device.Object One such embodiment of the method for reason ground mobile device is to induce motor using vibration.Device can individually or jointly it is multiple its Its exercise induced technology uses the method.

In some embodiments, information can be communicated to user by biometric monitoring arrangement via audible feedback.Citing For, the loud speaker in biometric monitoring arrangement can be conveyed via audio tones, voice, song or other sound is used Information.

In the various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, these three information communicating methods (vision, movement and the sense of hearing ) can be individually or with each other or any combinations of another method for conveying of any one or more following information being conveyed to make With：

User needs to wake up in specific time

User should wake up when a certain sleep stage at which

User should sometime fall asleep

User should delimit in a certain sleep stage and in the earliest and latest time intended to wake up by user at which Preselected time window in when wake up.

Receive Email

User is inactive up to the sometime period.It is worth noting that, this can with such as calendar of conference or sleep with The other application program of track application program integrates the behavior to plan, simplify or adjust inactive prompting.

Activity reaches the sometime period to user

User has appointment or calendar event

User has reached a certain activity metric

User has walked about a certain distance

User has reached a certain mileage

User has reached a certain speed

User has been accumulated up to a certain height above sea level

User has walked a certain step number

User has carried out heart rate measurement recently

User's heart rate has reached certain level

User has for particular value or normal, the movable or resting heart rate in particular range

The heart rate of user has been enter into or exits a certain target zone or training center

User has new heart rate " area " target to be reached, living to be directed to running, cycling, swimming etc. in said case Move the heart rate area of training

User has swum an one way or one way that a certain number is completed in pond

External device (ED) has any for needing to be communicated in the information of user, such as incoming call or more prompting Person

User has reached a certain tired target or the limit.In one embodiment, can via heart rate, skin electroresponse, The combination of motion sensor and/or breath data determines fatigue

There is provided these examples and be in order to illustrate and be not intended to limitation can be by these embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement Convey the range of the information of (for example, to user).Note that determine whether that the data for meeting alert condition can be from the first dress It puts and/or one or more auxiliary devices obtains.Biometric monitoring arrangement itself can be determined whether to have met the standard for prompting Then or condition.Alternatively, the computing device (for example, server and/or mobile phone) to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement can be true It is fixed when to remind.In view of of the invention, those skilled in the art can be envisaged that biometric monitoring arrangement can be communicated to The other information of user.For example, when having met target, biometric monitoring arrangement can communicate with user.Meet this mesh Target criterion can be based on the environmental sensor on physiology, context and first device and/or from one or more auxiliary devices Other sensing datas.Can be set by the user or can by biometric monitoring arrangement itself and/or with biometric monitoring arrangement Another computing device (for example, server) setting target of communication.In an example embodiment, meeting biometric target When, biometric monitoring arrangement can vibrate.

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention can be equipped with wireless and/or wire communication circuit with reality When on auxiliary device display data.For example, these biometric monitoring arrangements can via bluetooth low energy with Mobile phone communications are to give the user heart rate, changes in heart rate and/or the Real-time Feedback of anxiety.These biometrics monitoring dress " moment " that user is breathed with the ad hoc fashion (such as by carrying out deep and slow respiration) of keeping tensions down can be trained or permit by putting. Anxiety can be quantified or come via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin temperature, motor activity data and/or the change of skin electroresponse It is assessed.

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can connect via one or more Local or Remote input methods from user Receive input.A sensor or one group of sensor can be used to turn the movement of user for one such embodiment of local user's input Translate the order of twin installation.These movement may include but can be not limited to touch by, rotation wrist, be bent one or more muscle and pendulum Arm.Another user's input method can be via using button, such as, but not limited to capacitive touch button, capacitive screen button And mechanical button.In one embodiment, user interface buttons can be made of metal.Screen is examined using capacitance touch wherein In the embodiment of survey, it can sample always and be ready to make a response without intervention event any posture or input, such as Push physical button.These biometric monitoring arrangements can also be via using voice command to be inputted.All these input sides Method can connect and these biometrics being locally integrated into biometric monitoring arrangement or being integrated into via wired or wireless In the remote-control device of monitoring arrangement communication.In addition, user is also possible to that biometric monitoring arrangement can be manipulated via remote-control device. In one embodiment, this remote-control device can have Internet Connectivity.

Alarm

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention may act as wrist installing type vibration alarm to pacify Geostationary user is waken up from sleep.These biometric monitoring arrangements can be via heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, fortune Innervation surveys one of (for example, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer) and skin temperature or combines and track the sleep matter of user Amount, wake-up period, sleep delay, Sleep efficiency, sleep stage (for example, deep sleep and REM) and/or other sleep degrees of correlation Amount.User may specify required time of fire alarming or time window (for example, setting alarm sounds at 7 points in the morning and 8 a.m.).These One or more of sleep measurement can be used to determine the Best Times in window annunciator to wake up user for embodiment.In a reality It applies in example, when vibration alarm activity, user can by device, (it be for example via the motion-sensing in device by flopping or touching Device, pressure/force sensor and/or capacitive touch sensor and detect) and cause its retire or turn off.In one embodiment In, device can start small vibration to attempt sleeping by the time at specific user's sleep stage or before alarm settings The best time in period wakes user.It can gradually increase vibration with user towards awakening or towards alarm settings progress Intensity or explicitly.(see for example, Fig. 8).

Fig. 8 illustrated examples portable biometric measures the functionality of monitoring arrangement intelligent alarm feature.Biometric monitoring dress Putting the sleep stage that can detect detectable user or state, (device of (for example, shallow or deep sleep) can be with described device Communication.User, which can set it, will wish the time window waken up (for example, the morning 6:15 to the morning 6:45).Intelligent alarm can be by user Enter sleeping state during window annunciator and trigger.

Biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured the alarm vibration mode user to be allowed to select or create its selection.User It " can doze off " or delayed alarm event.In one embodiment, user can set the delay for " dozing off " feature Amount：The delay is to alarm the time quantum before sounding again.It, which is also possible to can to set every alarm cycle and can activate, beats The number of doze feature.For example, doze off delay and the continuous number of dozing off of maximum for 3 of 5 minutes may be selected in user.Therefore, Its pressable doze off 3 times with when pressing is dozed off with delayed alarm every time for it by presignal delay 5 minutes.In these embodiments, It dozes off the 4th time if user attempts pressing, function of dozing off will not turn off alarm.

Some biometric monitoring arrangements can have about the calendar of user and/or the information of scheduling.The calendar letter of user Breath, which can directly key in biometric monitoring arrangement or its, to be downloaded from different device (such as smart phone).This information can be used to certainly Alarm or alarm characteristic are set dynamicly.For example, if user will have a meeting for 9 points in the morning, then biometric monitoring arrangement It can be automatically in the morning 7:30 wake up users so that user to be allowed to have enough time to prepare and/or reach meeting.Biometric monitors Device can the current location based on user, meeting position and from the current location of user reach meeting position by spend when The area of a room determines the time quantum needed for user's preliminary conference.It reaches conference location alternatively, can be used about user and/or prepares Hair goes to the history number of meeting the time it takes the time it takes such as (for example, its) waking up, have a shower in the morning, having breakfast According to come determine when wake up user.Similar functionality can be used for the calendar event different from meeting, such as when eating time, sleep Between, nap time and exercise time.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can be used wants the information when fallen asleep to determine about user When alarm should sound to wake up user.This information can supplement calendar information as described herein.User can have it every night or The target of desirable hourage of substantially sleeping weekly.Biometric monitoring arrangement can by morning alarm settings in appropriate time with User is made to meet these sleep targets.In addition to user is in desirable sleeping time amount every night, user can also set other Sleep target may include, but are not limited to user deep sleep, REM sleep and hypohyphnotic amount for undergoing in sleep, it is all these can Alarm when is set in the morning to determining by biometric monitoring arrangement.In addition, can night prompting user its when should on Bed sleeps to meet its target of sleeping.In addition, it can remind user when it should take a nap to meet its target of sleeping in the daytime.It carries Wake up its time that should take a nap of user can by optimize sleep quality of the user during nap, follow-up nap or nighttime sleep because Usually determine.For example, if user takes a nap in the morning, then user may have the rigid time fallen asleep at night.Also It can suggest that user eats certain foods or beverage or avoids certain foods or beverage to optimize its sleep quality.For example, may User is not encouraged to drink when close to its bedtime, because alcohol may be decreased its sleep quality.It can also suggest user's execution Certain activities avoid certain activities from optimizing its sleep quality.For example, may encourage user it is afternoon perform physical exercise with Improve its sleep quality.User may not be encouraged to perform physical exercise or see TV when close to its bedtime to improve its matter of sleeping Amount.

With the user interface of auxiliary device

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can by data and/or order be emitted to auxiliary electronic device and/ Or receive data and/or order from auxiliary electronic device.Auxiliary electronic device can be monitored directly or indirectly with biometric and be filled Put communication.Direct communication in this article refers to data and emits between first device and auxiliary device without any intermediate dress It puts.For example, two devices can communicate with one another via wireless connection (such as bluetooth) or wired connection (such as USB).Indirectly Communication refers to that (it relays the number to data by means of 3rd device among one or more between first device and auxiliary device According to) transmitting.3rd device may include, but are not limited to wireless repeater (for example, WiFi transponders), computing device, such as intelligently Phone, laptop computer, desktop or tablet computer, mobile phone tower, computer server and other networkings electronic device. For example, biometric device can transmit data to smart phone, and the smart phone connects via cellular network data Connect the server for forwarding said data to and being connected to the cellular network via internet.

In some embodiments, the auxiliary device for acting as the user interface of biometric monitoring arrangement can be by smart phone Composition.Application program on smart phone can promote and/or so that smart phone potentially acts as biometric monitoring arrangement User interface.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be in real time or in the case of with some delays by biometric and other data It is sent to smart phone.Smart phone can be sent to life in real time or in the case of with some delays by one or more orders Object measures monitoring arrangement for example to indicate that biometric and other data are sent to smart phone by it.For example, if with Family enters the pattern that tracking is run in the application, then smart phone can send commands to biometric device to indicate Its transmission data in real time.Therefore, user can lingeringly track its running without any when it advances in its application program.

Such smart phone can have one or more application program to enable a user to examine from its biometric device Depending on data.The application program can acquiescently be opened to " instrument board " page when user starts or opens the application program. On this page, it can show such as total step number, climb number of floor levels, traveling mileage, the calory count to burn, the calorie consumed The summary of the data amounts such as number and the water of consumption.Also it can show that other coherence messages, such as application program are monitored from biometric Device receive data final time, about previous night sleep measurement (for example, when user falls asleep, wakes up and its sleeps Time) and user how many calorie can be fed on the day of with maintain its calorie of target (for example, realize weight-reducing calorie it is red Word target).User can select which of these and other measurement being illustrated on Dashboard screen.User can be These and other measurement a few days ago is seen on instrument board.It can be accessed by pressing button on touch screen or icon A few days ago.Alternatively, the posture such as stirring to the left or to the right may be such that user being capable of the current and prior measurement of guide to visitors.

Smart phone application program can also have another page for the summary for providing User Activity.Activity may include but unlimited In walking, running, cycling, cook, be seated, work, swim, go on business, weight lifting, on and off duty and Yoga.It is concerned with these activities Measurement can be presented on this page.For example, bar chart can show the step number (example that different piece of the user on the day of is walked Such as, how many step walked within every 5 minutes or every 1 hour).In another example, it can show what user spent on a certain activity is performed Time quantum and how many calorie that burnt in this time cycle.Similar to the instrument board page, application program can provide guide to visitors work( Can property with allow user check days past these and other measurement.Can also such as hour, minute, week, the moon be selected by user Or period other times such as year allows it to inspect the tendency and measurement of its activity in shorter or larger time span.

Smart phone application program can also have the interface to have eaten or be logged by the food eaten user.This connects Mouth can have keyword search feature wishes to key in the food in its daily record so that user to be allowed to rapidly find out it.As search food Alternative solution or in addition to this, user can find out the food to be logged by by guide to visitors menu or a series of menus Object.For example, following serial classification may be selected in user：Breakfast/cereal/health/oatmeal wishes to be logged by reach it Food (for example, oatmeal of apple taste).At any one of these menus place, user can be able to carry out keyword and search Rope.For example, user can search for " oatmeal " to be searched in the classification of breakfast food after classification " breakfast " has been selected Keyword " oatmeal ".After having selected it that will wish the food being logged by, user can change or to key in component big Small and nutrient content.After at least one food is logged by, application program can sometime period (for example, day) Show the summary of food being logged by and the food nutrient content (indivedual and whole calorie contents, vitamin content, Sugared content, etc.).

Smart phone application program can also have measurement of the display about user's body (for example, the weight of user, body fat Fat percentage, BMI and waistline size) the page.It can show one or more of these measurements of displaying sometime all One or more curves of trend in phase (for example, two weeks).When user can select the value of this time period and inspect previous Between the period (for example, last month).

Smart phone application program, which can also have, allows user to key in the page that user has consumed how much water.Whenever user drinks During with some water, the amount can be keyed in by the unit (for example, ounce, cup, etc.) of its selection.Application program can show that user exists The total amount of all water being sometime logged by the period (for example, one day).Application program allows user to check previously The water bar mesh that is logged by and a few days ago and the daily amount on the same day.

Smart phone application program can also have the page of the online friend of display user.This " friend " page may be such that use New friend (for example, by searching for its name or by its e-mail address) can be added or be asked in family.This page can also be shown Show the ranking list (leaderboard) of user and its friend.User and its friend can be based on one or more measurements and carry out ranking.It lifts For example, the total step number that user and its friend be can be used over seven days carries out ranking.

Smart phone application program can also have page of the displaying about the measurement of the sleep at user's eve and/or former nights Face.This page can further enable the user to when sleep by the way that it is specified when to go to bed and its when wake up It is logged by.User may also be able to about its sleep subjective measure (for example, undesirable night's rest, good night's rest, Fabulous night's rest, etc.).User can inspect over these measurements of today or time cycle (for example, two weeks).Citing For, the sleep page can give tacit consent to the bar chart that displaying user measures in the sleeping time at each night of nearest two weeks.User is also possible to Enough inspect the bar chart that user measures in the sleeping time at each night in nearest January.

User may also be able to access the complete energy of smart phone application program as described herein via replacement or additional interface Power (for example, food daily record can be keyed in, inspect instrument board, etc.).In one embodiment, this alternative interfaces can be by group of web Into the webpage is by the trust server with biometric monitoring arrangement indirect communication.The webpage can be via any internet Attachment device is accessed using the program such as web browser.

Wireless connectivity and data transmitting

Some embodiments of the biometric monitoring arrangement of the present invention may include sending out from internet and/or other devices Penetrate and receive the wireless communication mechanisms of information.Wireless communication can be by such as bluetooth, ANT, WLAN, power line networking and cell phone network It is formed Deng one or more interfaces.These are provided as example, and should not be construed as excluding other existing wireless communications methods or agreement Or the wireless communication technique or agreement not yet invented.

Wireless connection can be two-way.Its data can be emitted, conveyed and/or be pushed to other by biometric monitoring arrangement Device, such as smart phone, computer, are waited and/or internet, such as network server etc..Biometric monitoring arrangement may be used also (pull) data are received, ask and/or pull from other devices and/or internet.

Biometric monitoring arrangement may act as to provide each other or providing for the communication of other devices arriving internet Repeater.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be connected to internet via WLAN and equipped with ANT radio.ANT Device can communicate that its data is emitted to internet via the WLAN of biometric monitoring arrangement with biometric monitoring arrangement (and vice versa).As another example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with bluetooth.If the intelligence with Bluetooth function Phone enters in the range of biometric monitoring arrangement, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be via the cell phone network of smart phone It transmits data to internet or receives data from internet.Data from another device can also be emitted to biometric monitoring Device and store (or vice versa) or the time later emit.

The present invention biometric monitoring arrangement embodiment also may include for transmit as a stream or emit Web content with For the functionality shown on biometric monitoring arrangement.The representative instance of content thus below：

1. the heart rate and/or the history curve of other data that are measured by device but remotely stored

2. measured by other devices and/or remotely stored the user of (for example, for example in the website of such as fitbit.com) Activity and/or the history curve of consumed food and/or dormant data

3. the history curve of other users tracking data remotely stored.Example includes heart rate, blood pressure, arterial stiffness, blood Sugar level, cholesterol, the duration for seeing TV, the duration of playing video game, mood, etc.

4. one in heart rate, Current body mass, weight targets, food intake, activity, sleep and other data based on user Or more persons training and/or diet data.

5. the user towards heart rate, weight, activity, sleep and/or other targets is in progress.

6. the summary statistics of aforementioned data, figure, badge and/or measurement (for example, " grade ") are described

7. between the aforementioned data of user and the similar data with similar device and/or its " friend " of tracking Compare

8. social content, such as push away special (Twitter) feeding, instant message and/or facebook (Facebook) update

9. other online contents, for example, it is newspaper article, constellation, weather report, RSS feedings, comic strip (comic), vertical Horizontal mosaic mystery, classified advertisement, stock report and website

10. email message and calendar plan table

Biometric monitoring arrangement can be delivered the content to according to different contexts.For example, in the morning, can together with The dormant data in family eve shows news and weather report.At night, the daily general introduction of day's activities can be shown.

The various embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement as herein disclosed also may include can be used to originate other devices In functional NFC, RFID or other short-distance wireless communication circuit.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be equipped with NFC antenna so that when user make its with mobile phone close to when, application program automatically opens on the mobile phone It is dynamic.

These examples are provided for illustrating and being not intended to the range of data that limitation can be emitted by device, received or be shown Or any intermediate treatment occurred during can transmitting and show herein.In view of the present invention/application program, the technology people of fields Member is it is contemplated that many other examples of streamable or the data via the transmission of biometric monitoring arrangement.

Charging and data transmitting

Some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement can be used wired connection come for internal rechargeable batteries charging and/ Or transfer data to the host apparatus such as laptop computer or mobile phone.The reality more early discussed in similar to the present invention In the one embodiment for applying example, magnet can be used user to be helped to be directed at biometric monitoring arrangement in biometric monitoring arrangement To pedestal or cable.Magnet in magnetic field and device itself of the magnet in pedestal or cable can strategically orient to force Biometric monitoring arrangement and pedestal or cable (or more specifically, the connector on cable) autoregistration, and offer will be biological Metering monitoring arrangement keeps in the base or remains to the power of cable.Magnet also acts as emits purpose for charging or data Conductive junction point.In another embodiment, permanent magnet can be only used for pedestal or cable side rather than biometric monitoring arrangement certainly Body.This can improve the performance of biometric monitoring arrangement in the case where biometric monitoring arrangement is using magnetometer.If There are magnets in biometric monitoring arrangement, then the high-intensity magnetic field of neighbouring permanent magnet may significantly to be more difficult to make magnetometer accurate Really measure the magnetic field of the earth.In these embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can utilize divalent iron material to replace magnet, and bottom Magnet on seat or cable side could attach to divalent iron material.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can contain one or more in biometric monitoring arrangement main body Electromagnet.Charger or pedestal for charging and data emit can also contain electromagnet and/or permanent magnet.Biometric monitors Device only can just connect its electromagnet when it is close to charger or pedestal.Biometric monitoring arrangement can be by using magnetic force Meter searches the magnetic field signature of charger or the permanent magnet in pedestal and detects the degree of approach with pedestal or charger.It is alternatively, biological Measure monitoring arrangement can by measure the wireless signal from charger or pedestal received signal strength indicator (RSSI) or In some embodiments connecing for charger is detected by recognizing NFC associated with the charger or pedestal or RFID marker Recency.When device do not need to charge, synchronize or but its completed synchronous or when charging, electromagnet can be overturned, so as to generate from filling Cable or pedestal repel the power of described device.In some embodiments, charger or pedestal may include electromagnet, and can be through matching (for example, the processor in charger or pedestal can be configured via program instruction) is put in connection biometric monitoring arrangement Electromagnet is connected during for charging, and (electromagnet, which can generally remain, connects the biometric monitoring dress so that being placed on charger Putting to be attracted due to electromagnet against charger or electromagnet can keep turning off until charger determines to monitor biometric Device is placed on charger, such as is marked etc. via completing charging circuit, pick out NFC in biometric monitoring arrangement, And it is next turned on attracting biometric monitoring arrangement against charger.Charging complete (or data transmission complete, if charging Device is actually data transmission bracket or charger/data transmission bracket of combination) after, electromagnet can be turned off at once (temporarily Property or biometric monitoring arrangement is placed on charger until detecting again), and biometric monitoring arrangement can stop It is only attracted against charger.In these embodiments, it may be necessary to orient between biometric monitoring arrangement and charger Interface so that in the case of there is no the magnetic force generated by electromagnet, biometric monitoring arrangement will be fallen from charger or Visibly different position is displaced to (visually to indicate to the user that charging or data have transmitted from charge position in other ways Into).

Sensor in data transmission uses

In some embodiments, may include can be with different data emission rate and difference for biometric monitoring arrangement The communication interface switched between two or more agreements of power consumption rate.This switching can be filled by being monitored from biometric The data-driven that the various sensors put obtain.For example, if using bluetooth, then communication interface may be in response to based on next From the data of the sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement make determine and using bluetooth basic rate/enhancing data rate (BR/EDR) switch between bluetooth low energy (BLE) agreement.For example, when the acceleration in biometric monitoring arrangement Degree meter sensing data instruction wearer fall asleep or in other ways sitting when, can be used lower-wattage, slower BLE association View.In contrast, when the sensing data of the accelerometer in biometric monitoring arrangement instruction wearer is just sashaying When dynamic, higher-wattage, faster BR/EDR agreements can be used.This self-adapting data lift-off technology and functionality are discussed further in In 61/948th, No. 468 U.S. provisional patent application cases filed in 5 days March in 2014, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are first It is preceding to be incorporated herein by reference in " to the cross reference of related application " part and again hereby about in biology It measures the content pointed out at the self-adapting data transfer rate in monitoring arrangement and is herein incorporated by reference.

These communication interfaces can also act as a form of sensor for biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, Wireless communication interface allows the number and class of device that biometric monitoring arrangement is determined in the range of wireless communication interface Type.This data can be used to determine biometric monitoring arrangement whether in specific context, for example, indoors, in the car, Deng, and determined in response to this and change its behavior in various ways.For example, such as the 61/948th, No. 468 US provisional patent It is discussed in application case (being above herein incorporated by reference), these contexts can be used to driving for the specific of wireless communication The selection of wireless communication protocol.

Configurable function of application

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement of the invention may include wrist-watch sample form factor and/or bracelet, Arm is adornd or ankletbangle form factor, and is programmed with providing particular functionality and/or shows " application program " of specific information.It can lead to Number of mechanisms is crossed (including but not limited to pressing button, the appearance detected using capacitive touch sensor, execution by accelerometer (thus gesture is moved to specific position by GPS or motion sensor senses or region, compression biological metering monitoring arrangement main body Portion generates the pressure signal that can be detected by the altimeter inside biometric monitoring arrangement in the device) or supervise biometric View apparatus is located relatively close to NFC associated with an application program or one group of application program label) start or close application Program.It can also be by certain environment or physiological condition (including but not limited to detecting high heart rate, detected using humidity sensor Water (for example start swimming application program), some time of day at night (for example to start sleep tracking application program, plane The change of pressure and kinetic characteristic left or landed is to start and close " aircraft " pattern application program) it is opened automatically to trigger Dynamic or closing application program.Also it can start by meeting multiple conditions simultaneously or close application program.For example, if plus Speedometer detects that user is just running and user presses button, then biometric monitoring arrangement can start pedometer application journey Sequence, altimeter data collect application program and/or display.Wherein accelerometer detect swimming and user pressing it is identical by In the other case of button, swimming one way can be started and count application program.

In some embodiments, biometric monitoring arrangement can have what can be started by starting swimming application program Swimming tracing mode.In this mode, the motion sensor of biometric monitoring arrangement and/or magnetometer can be used to detection swimming Appearance, classification stroke type, detection swimming one way and other calculations of correlation, for example, stroke efficiency, the one-way time, speed, distance and Caloric burn.Change to can be used to detect a variety of one way by the direction of magnetometer instruction and turn round method.In a preferred embodiment, come The data of autokinesis sensor and/or pressure sensor can be used to detection stroke.

It in another embodiment, can be by so mobile that approach on bicycle, positioned at certainly by biometric monitoring arrangement On the bearing of driving or at position associated with bicycle (including but not limited to cycle frame or bicycle storing facility) In NFC or RFID marker and start cycling application program.(see for example, Figure 10).The application program started can be used and lead to It commonly uses to determine including but not limited to the different calculation of the algorithm of the measurement of the calorie of burning, travel distance and the height above sea level of acquisition Method.Can also it detect wireless bicycle sensor (including but not limited to wheel detector, GPS, step sensor or power Meter) when start application program.Biometric monitoring arrangement then can show and/or record from wireless bicycle sensor or from The data of driving sensor.

Additional application is controlled including but not limited to programmable or customizable watch face, stopping viewing, music player Device (for example, MP3 player, remote controler), text message and/or Email display or notifying device, navigation guide needle, voluntarily Vehicle computer display (when communicate with independent or integrated form GPS device, wheel detector or during power meter), weight lifting tracker, Sit-ups tracker, chin-up tracker, resistance exercise form/body-building tracker, golf amplitude of oscillation analyzer, tennis (or other racket sports) amplitude of oscillation/service analyser, tennis game amplitude of oscillation detector, baseball amplitude of oscillation analyzer, analysis of delivering Device (for example, football, baseball), in a organized way physical activity intensity tracker (for example, football, baseball, basketball, tennis, rugby), Disk analyzer is thrown, analyte detection device is bitten, is typewriting analyzer, inclination sensor, sleep quality tracker, alarm clock, pressure gauge, tight Open/loosen biofeedback game and (provide the sense of hearing and/or visual cues for example, potentially combining with the training use in relaxation training Family breathing mobile phone), tracker of brushing teeth, feed rate tracker (for example, count or tracking utensil enter the mouth with carry out The rate of material object intake and duration), operating motor vehicles are drunk or adaptability indicator via heart rate, heart rate (for example, become Change, gait analysis, is riddled, etc. at skin electroresponse), allergy tracker is (for example, using skin electroresponse, heart rate, skin temperature Degree, pollen sensing etc. (may combine the external seasonal allergic original tracking from such as internet and may determine user couple The response of the anaphylactogen (for example, pollen) of particular form and the presence for reminding these anaphylactogens of user, such as believe from seasonality Home environment sensor in breath, pollen track database or biometric monitoring arrangement or being used by user), fever with Track device (for example, measuring risk, breaking-out or the progress of fever, flu or Other diseases, may combine Seasonal Data, disease number According to library, user location and/or user provide feedback come about user assess specified disease (for example, influenza) diffusion and can Can in response and point out or suggest work or activity restraining), electronic game, caffeine influence tracker (for example, monitoring example Such as heart rate, changes in heart rate, skin electroresponse, skin temperature, blood pressure, anxiety, sleep and/or to coffee, tea, energy drink And/or the activity in the short-term or long-term response of intake or the restraining of other beverages containing caffeine), drug influence tracker (whether it is medical treatment or lifestyle drug for example, similar to previously mentioned caffeine tracker but about other interventions, Such as alcohol, tobacco etc.), endurance exercise training (for example, recommend or point out that intensity, duration or running/cycling/swimming are good for The overview of body or the restraining or delay for suggesting body-building, the target specified according to user, such as marathon, iron-man triathlon or utilization From such as history exercise activity (for example, run distance, stride), heart rate, changes in heart rate, health/disease/anxiety/fever shape The target of the data customization of state), weight and/or body composition, blood glucose, food intake or calorie balance tracker (for example, How many calorie can be consumed to maintain or realize certain weight by informing the user it), pedometer and fingernail biting detector.At some In the case of, application program can only rely upon the processing power and sensor of the present invention.In other cases, application program can merge Or only display comes from an external device (ED) or one group of external device (ED) (including but not limited to heart rate bandage, GPS range tracking elements, body Composition meter (body composition scale), blood pressure monitor, blood glucose monitor, wrist-watch, such as smartwatch, intelligence electricity Words or mobile communications devices or the server such as tablet computer) information.

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can control the music player on auxiliary device.It is controllable The aspect of music player is including but not limited to the selection of volume, song and/or playlist, F.F. or retreats (skipping Forward or backward), song fast forward or rewinding, the speed of song and music player balanced device.It can be through It is inputted by user or music player is automatically controlled based on physiology, environment or context data.For example, user can By song being selected to select and play the song on its smart phone via the user interface on biometric monitoring arrangement. In another example, the activity level that biometric monitoring arrangement can be based on user is (from biometric monitoring arrangement sensing data Calculate the activity level) automatically select appropriate song.This can be used to help that user is excited to maintain a certain activity level.Citing For, if user persistently runs and wants its heart rate being maintained in a certain range, then biometric monitoring arrangement can be broadcast Put cheerful and light-hearted or fair speed song (if the heart rate of user is less than its target zone).

Pass through the automatic function of the activity-triggered of user

Sleep stage Trigger Function

It can monitor that sleep stage, such as heart rate, heart rate become via various biometric signals disclosed herein and method Change, body temperature, body kinematics, ambient light intensity, ambient noise level etc..Optical sensor, motion sensor (acceleration can be used Meter, gyro sensor, etc.), microphone and thermometer and other sensors (for example) discussed herein measure these Biometric.

Biometric monitoring arrangement can also have communication module, including but not limited to Wi-Fi (802.xx), bluetooth (it is classical, Low-power) or NFC.Once estimate sleep stage, you can sleep stage is emitted to and is wirelessly connected to that there is communication Cloud system, home server or the main control unit of the electrical equipment (passing through Wi-Fi, bluetooth or NFC) of function.It is alternatively, biological Measuring monitoring arrangement can be with the electrical equipment direct communication with communication function.These electrical equipments with communication function can wrap Containing such as kitchen electrical equipment, such as micro-wave oven, coffee grinder/maker, oven etc..

Once the time that sleep stage instruction is waken up close to user, biometric monitoring arrangement can send out triggering item and arrive User has indicated that the electrical equipment that should be automatically brought into operation.For example, coffee grinder and maker can be caused to start from coffee, And oven can be made to begin to warm up bread.Micro-wave oven can also be caused to start to cook oatmeal or egg, and electric kettle starts to heat up water. As long as properly preparing each section, this automatic signal can trigger breakfast cooking.

Remind detection

Prompting (such as low prompting) can be made drowsy related to people, it can also be from described in biometric listed above detection It reminds, and the prompting can be used to triggering electrical equipment such as coffee maker and start automatically to infuse coffee.

Aquation

The activity level of user can be directly submitted to by portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement combining movement horizon tracker Cloud system, home server, main control unit or electrical equipment.This can trigger electrical equipment some action, especially with hydration Related action is acted on, such as starts the ice cube making of refrigerator or reduces the operation temperature of water purifier.

Power is saved

Many electrical equipments are usually operated with consuming the low-power power idle of power.Use the biometric signal of user Aggregation information, can cause that there is the electrical equipment of communication function to enter ultra low-power mode.For example, fall asleep in user or During outgoing work, the water dispenser in family itself can be closed to ultra low-power mode, once and the activity of prospective users at home, just It can begin to cool down/heat water.

Restaurant recommendation system based on position and activity

The polymerization of real-time biological metering signal and location information can be used to generate about one or more users to timing Between needs valid supposition (such as ion beverage).Combine the needs of this supposition and about User Activity level, activity The historical use data of food intake data that type, activity time and active duration and user are logged by, intelligence Application program on phone and/or smartwatch can recommend the life style for meeting user and the current restaurant of needs.

For example, the user for just completing six miles of touring races can start this application program.Application program can be known this person Maintained high activity level within past one hour, and thus determine that the people may be dehydrated.From historical use data, application program May also be aware of has excessive vegetables but sugar is low in the diet of such as user.By consider the current location of user, Price Range and The optimization algorithm of other factors referred to above, application program can recommend for example to provide the restaurant of Sorbet (smoothie).

Swimming tracking

In some embodiments of biometric tracks of device, biometric tracking may include algorithm of swimming, available From one or more motion sensors, altitude sensor (for example, barometric pressure sensor), orientation sensor (for example, magnetic Power meter), the data of location-based service sensor (for example, GPS, radio triangulation) and/or temperature sensor.The sensor can Insertion is installed in the single device of such as wrist.In other embodiments, additional sensors device could attach to swimmer's Forehead, the rear portion of head, goggles, the back of the body, hip, shoulder, thigh, leg and/or foot.

Three potential function components of swimming exercise analysis are as follows：

Stroke count detection --- the stroke per one way is provided and is counted, wherein one way is defined as from the one end in pond to opposite The unidirectional of end passes through.

Stroke classification of type --- the stroke type of description user is (for example, crawling, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly stroke, breathing arm, stepping on Water (kicking without stroke) directly draws (body streamline), etc.), and can be any one of the following Or combination：

A. the classification for each stroke that user uses

B. the classification of the main stroke type of each complete single trip use.

C. the stroke that each score one way (such as the freestyle swimming of half one way, breaststroke of half one way) uses The classification of type

One way counts --- the one way that user passes through counted.A method for determining one way is used by detecting When family is turned round in pond.

Turn round the 180 degree change for being defined as direction of advance.Detect turn round when, the beginning and end of deducibility one way. Some place (usually at one end or other places) before swimming is started again in pond suspends (without fortune within the sometime period It is dynamic) it is considered as turning round, as long as subsequent direction of advance is opposite with the direction of advance before pause.

In some embodiments, these function components can be combined in a manner of numerous.

Algorithm structure

Swimming exercise analysis can be performed successively, parallel or to mix order (combinations of some sequential blocks and some parallel frames) Three function components.

Sequential grammar (see Figure 15 A)

In one embodiment, can original and/or pretreated sensor be analyzed by stroke detector algorithm first Signal.Stroke detector algorithm can be used in motion sensor (for example, accelerometer, gyroscope) time peak value (part most Big value and/or local minimum) as the instruction for having taken stroke.Then, can also one or more heuristic rules be applied to move Except the peak value for being not offered as stroke.For example, the magnitude of peak value, the time gap of two neighbouring peak values, peak value shake to peak value The morphological character of width and/or peak value (for example, clarity) may indicate that certain peak values are not offered as stroke.When sensor offer is one-dimensional During above data (such as 3 axis accelerometers or 3 axis movement sensors+altimeter (amounting to 4 number of axle evidences)), it is contemplated that all Whether the sequential and sizes related of the peak value on axis are to be generated by stroke to determine the peak value on one or more of described axis.

If observe the single peak value for representing stroke or a group peak value from the multiple data axis for representing stroke, then It can be from detecting previous peak and detecting that the data segments that the time between present peak value obtains extract feature.Feature includes But the power for be not limited to the maximum and ripple number in minimum value, section, measuring in various measurements is (for example, L1 power and L2 Power, standard deviation, average), etc..The feature extracted can be then subjected to machine learning system, wherein off-line calculation system Number (supervised learning) or the adaption systems coefficient (unsupervised learning) when user uses biometric monitoring arrangement.Machine learning system System can return to stroke classification then for each stroke detected.

Turn round that detector algorithm can (sensor includes to sensor by calculating derivative, rolling average and/or use But be not limited in the present invention those listed sensors) the high-pass filtering of signal carry out suddenly change in searching moving.May be used also And/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) alternatively is performed to signal.If a main component is different from next, then can be true Surely generation is turned round.Such as the coefficient all or in part of the transformation such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) also is used as feature.Also it can be used Such as self returns the parameter models such as (AR) model.Can then use linear prediction analysis (LPA), least means square (LMS), Recursive least-squares filter (RLS) and/or Kalman Filter Estimation time-varying model parameter.Then compare the model parameter of estimation with It determines to whether there is suddenly change in its value.

In one embodiment, the skill level of swimmer and/or swimming pattern (for example, speed) can be from sensing datas Inferred, and be then used to turn round detection.For example, advanced swimmer usually has stronger stroke (that is, big adds Speedometer peak magnitudes), and an one way is completed using less stroke.Therefore, estimate the skill level or characteristic of swimmer Measurement can be used for turn round detection algorithm.These measurements may include, but are not limited to mean motion signal or integrated in motor message Motor message, it is manifestly that, arm movement, estimation forward speed and the detection pattern of advanced swimmer.It can also be inputted via user To determine the skill level of swimmer or other characteristics.For example, user can input it and swim for advanced, intermediate or beginner Person.

One from these analyses or many (combination) features can be used to detect data-oriented sample and/or adjacent data Whether sample, which has, is turned round characteristic.To obtain the optimal combination of feature and decision boundary, machine learning techniques can be utilized, such as Logistic regression, decision tree, nerve net, etc..

In some embodiments, it is turned round if detected, then swimming data increase naturally from it can summarize and previously turn round, Such as the number of stroke, the stroke type for each stroke and for one way, split time, etc..It is turned round if be not detected, So renewable stroke counter and type.Except non-user stops swimming, otherwise algorithm can return to stroke count detection.

Parallel method (see Figure 15 B)

In parallel method, some or all of three functional units can be performed in parallel.It for example, can be jointly It performs stroke type detection and turns round detection, and operate independently from stroke count detection.

In these embodiments, two function groups of implementation in stroke type and the single algorithm turned round can be detected at the same time Part：Stroke type and turn round detection.For example, stroke type is (for example, detect the movement of freestyle swimming, breaststroke, backstroke, butterfly stroke Analysis) and turn round type (for example, flip turn (tumble turn), flip crawl turn (flip turn), two hands touch) Grader can return to detected stroke type or detected turn round type.During detection, can extract the time and Spectrum signature.Moving window can be initially applied to multiple data axis.The statistic of this window section can then be calculated, that is, maximum And the number of the ripple in minimum value, section, the power that is measured in various measurements are (for example, L1 power and L2 power, standard deviation Difference, average).Independent component analysis (ICA) and/or Principal Component Analysis (PCA) can equally be applied to find preferably to represent Turn round any hiding signal of type and stroke similar properties.It then (potentially can improve) signal from this to represent to calculate the time Feature.For temporal characteristics, can enhance using various nonparametric filters solutions, low-pass filtering, bandpass filtering, high-pass filtering Desired signal characteristic.

Also the spectrum analysis such as FFT, wavelet transformation, Hilbert (Hilbert) transformation can be applied to this through windowing Section.Transformation coefficient may be selected to be feature all or in part.Such as AR, rolling average (MA) or ARMA can be used, and (self is returned And rolling average) model parameter model, and can be via auto-correlation and/or partial auto correlation or LPA, LMS, RLS or Kalman Wave filter finds the parameter of this class model.The all or part of estimated coefficient can be used as feature.

The rolling average window of different length can be run parallel, and provide feature listed above, and can also be by the feature All or part be used as feature.

Can machine acquistion coefficient (supervised learning) then be extracted into feature applied to these.Can train and then use one Or multiple machine learning techniques, i.e. multiple layers (for example, logistic regression) of binomial linear discriminant analysis, multinomial logic are returned Return, nerve net, decision tree/forest or support vector machines.

As window of interest moves, feature is can extract, and the feature of these new extractions will be returned via machine learning system It returns stroke type or what is detected turns round.

Stroke detector algorithm can independently of stroke type and turn round detection and run parallel.It can be examined by heuristic rules Survey and select the time peak value of original or prefiltered sensor signal.

Algorithm the summary stage (in the stage, it may be determined that, display and/or store measurement about swimming), can After-treatment applications in the sequence stroke type and are turned round into detection.If turned round with the confirmation of a certain confidence level, then can be together with Detected stroke, which counts, summarizes from the swimming metric data previously turned round.If unconfirmed turn round, then rolling average Window can proceed with.Until user stops swimming, algorithm can continue to update the swimming measurement of the exercise about user, comprising but not The stroke being limited in the sum turned round, the sum of one way, the average stroke number total, per one way of stroke, the last one one way Number, the change per one way stroke number, etc..

Mixed method (see Figure 15 C and 15D)

In mixed method, stroke type and stroke count detection can be concurrently run, is followed by turning round detection.

Stroke type detection can return to stroke type via the coefficient of machine learning.The sensing that first movement window can use The segment of device signal.It then can extract the entire feature of feature moving window feature listed herein either Subset.Then machine learning coefficient, training can be applied to the feature to determine which stroke type generates sensing offline The given segment of device signal.

Stroke count detection can simultaneously be run together with stroke type detection.

Once detecting stroke type and counting, inspection can be turned round to perform with the subset of cited entire feature or feature It surveys.

It is turned round if detected, then the swimming that the completion of a circle can be recorded in user is summarized in measurement.Mistake after can inciting somebody to action Journey is applied to the stroke type detected to determine the most prominent stroke type of completed circle.Subsequent algorithm, which can be moved into, to be drawn Dynamic type and count detection stage, except non-user stops swimming.It is turned round if be not detected, then the algorithm can continue to update When the stroke type of front ring and counting, until being turned round until detecting.

Blood glucose level and heart rate

Situation, progress before the disease about disease can be provided by continuously measuring the biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric signal And the meaningful information restored.These biometric monitoring arrangements can have sensor and correspondingly run algorithm to measure simultaneously Calculate biometric signal, such as heart rate, heart rate variability, the step number carried out, the calorie to be burnt, advanced away from From, weight and body fat, activity intensity, active duration and frequency etc..Other than measured biometric signal, Customer-furnished food intake can be used to record.

In one embodiment, the considerable heart rate measuring of biometric monitoring arrangement and its change with the time, are especially eating Before object intake event and later.Known heart rate is influenced by blood glucose level, and it is well known that elevated blood glucose levels are diabetes Pre-occlusion condition.Therefore, passed time (after food intake) and blood glucose level can be described to find out via statistical regression Between relationship mathematical model, wherein it is corresponding to provide to collect data from normal condition, prediabetes and diabetic individual Mathematical model.By the mathematical model, can predict the individual with specific heart whether health, prediabetes Or with diabetes.

It is realised that many heart failure associated with prediabetes or diabetic conditions, it is possible to be based further on using The user of the biometric data at family to biometric monitoring arrangement informs the possible heart failure of these risks, such as coronary disease Disease, cranial vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease etc..

Recommended exercise policy can also be used when forming mathematical model (for example, being provided by American Heart Association Policy (http://www.heart.org/)) consider activity intensity, type, duration and the frequency of user, using as control The independent variable of " probability " of the breaking-out of disease.Many policies about nutrition and Weight management can also be used for academic and be used for general The public is with prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes.It can be by these policies with being collectively incorporated into number with the user data of time integral It learns in model, the user data is, for example, the ingredient of food of user's consumption and weight and body obesity trend.

If user is storing and is showing that its kinsfolk is set as its friend by the social network sites of biometric data, Kinsfolk so can be also analyzed to obtain the possibility of disease and inform result to user.

Other than informing the latency development of disease to user, comprising exercise regime and can there will be more healthy ingredient And the life style recommended of the menu of transmission method is supplied to user.

Grocery store's shopping, culinary art and the unification of food record

Grocery store organizes and menu identification system

Receipt from grocery store's shopping is containing abundant information, especially with respect to the eating habit of individual.For example, It is presented here by the information from grocery store's receipt and the individual biometric number such as collected by biometric monitoring arrangement According to the innovative system being combined.The system collects and analyzes the data (information) about individual, and then can recommend can Change the life style of individual so as to the option of their health status of improvement.The implementation of this system can relate to cloud computing, be used for The exploitation of the hardware platform of sensing and interface and movement/Website development.

It in one embodiment, can be by grocery store's list (such as from receipt or (for example) when user checks out in grocery store Obtained from email receipt or invoice) automatically it is emitted to remote data base (for example, Cloud Server), the remote data base Also the biometric data of user can be stored.When user organizes project to family and in their refrigerator and/or pantry, he Smart phone/wrist-watch on application can recommend to abandon in pantry or refrigerator based on the historical data about food item Which project (if for example, food item is expired or may go bad).Instruction food is out of date or should consume in a short time The prompting fallen to avoid corruption can be automatically transmitted to user independently of such interaction.For example, it is a certain whenever having met During threshold value (for example, will be in expired two days in milk), these promptings can be issued to user.It can also be by except through intelligence Prompting is sent to user by the mechanism except energy phone/wrist-watch.For example, can by network interface, pass through Email, logical Cross on laptop computer, tablet computer, desktop PC or with maintain and/or analyze food database computer The prompting is presented to the user by the prompting on any other electronic device directly or indirectly to communicate.

Updated list by using food item and history food consumption data based on user, the application can will Menu recommends user.It in one embodiment, can be to using the project that first eat (for example, expired, rotten or become at its Before more stale than other ingredients) menu give priority.In order to recommend balance in nutrition, correctly distribute and according to user's Movable and ruling best menu, the application can also also analyze the activity data of user.For example, if user in the morning Weight lifting, then high-protein diet can be recommended.In another example, if user is not very movable, then menu can be reduced Size to reduce the number for the calorie that final diet contains.

It should be noted that these strategies can be applied to multiple users of shared identical food and/or diet.For example, Can be the food database that one family creates combination so that if a member in family obtains egg and family from grocery store In another member obtain milk, then both egg and milk will represent in food database.Similarly, nutrition preference (for example, vegetarian, to certain food irritabilities etc.), activity, basal metabolic rate and total caloric burn can be used to form alignment Recommendation that is standby and/or buying what food/menu.

It can be provided to the precondition of disease including (but not limited to) heart rate and the biometric signal of heart rate variability Instruction.This information can be used for recommended user's purchase, consumption and/or prepare certain food, suffer from it with advance shape to reduce it The risk of the disease of condition.For example, if user has the precondition of cardiac problems, then it can recommend them to buy more The less fat-containing food of more vegetables, consumption, and the method for less oil to be needed to prepare food (for example, not deep-fried).

It controls " intelligent appliance "

In another embodiment, various household electrical appliances can all have Wi-Fi functions, and can be with server communication.Due to application (it can be connected to the household electrical appliances via (for example) cloud or internet) may know which food item refrigerator contains, so The application can be communicated with based food project with refrigerator come the temperature that reduces or increase refrigerator.For example, if many foods Product project is more sensitive to cold, such as vegetables, then can instruct refrigerator raising temperature.The application can also also via bluetooth, BTLE or NFC and refrigerator direct communication.

Food records

The application can also be based on grocery store's Shopping List (its can (for example) be in the list using interior maintenance) with And the food menu recommended of the application and the project for being recorded as the food of user is provided.In the diet cooked in advance (for example, cold Freeze meal) or in the case of not needing to any agricultural product being further processed before eating, user can simply enter their meal It dish size (or in user in the case where eating entire diet, user may not be needed input food size) and will then complete to eat Product record.Since grocery store's list or menu provide the definite brand and label of certain food, so will can more accurately seek Foster information is recorded in the account of user.

When user record pass through in accordance with application proposed menu and cook food item when, the application can from into Divide and cooking process calculates nutritional information.This simple tissue that can provide than end product/diet more accurately takes the photograph calorie The estimation entered, because many menus exist to prepare certain types of food, for example, can be made of beer, turkey, pork etc. The burger of pasta, and the burger may include different degrees of carbohydrate.

It is obtained using the sports metering of sensor device

In some embodiments, sensor can be mounted on such as tennis racket on racket, so as to help to measure player Different strokes.This is applicable to most of (if not all) racket movements, and wall is clapped including (but not limited to) tennis, short net The movement that ball, squash, table tennis, shuttlecock, lacrosse etc. and such as baseball, softball, cricket are played with bat.Can also it make The different aspect of golf is measured with similar technology.Such device can be mounted on the bottom of racket, is on handle or logical Often on the shock absorber on cord.This device can have various sensors, such as accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetic force Meter, strain transducer and/or microphone.Data from these sensors can be locally stored or be wirelessly transmitted to intelligent electricity Host system or other wireless receivers in words.

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, microphone etc. are included Wrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangement can perform the similar analysis of game or movement to user.This biometric monitors Device can take the form of the wrist-watch or other belts in the wrist for being worn on user.It can be used and measure or detect bat or racket Shock moment between ball and the racket or ball that this data is wirelessly transmitted to wrist installing type biometric monitoring arrangement Stick installing type sensor can be used for improving the accuracy of these algorithms with the collision time of ball by accurately measuring.

Wrist and racket/bat installation formula device can help to measure the different aspect of the game of user, comprising (but it is unlimited In) stroke type (forehand, service, is tiltedly hit at counterattack), the number of forehand, counterattack number, ball rotation direction, upper rotation, service Percentage, the angular speed of racket head, recoil, hit energy, impact consistency etc..Microphone or strain transducer conduct can be used The supplement of accelerometer is come at the time of identifying ball impact racket/bat.In cricket and baseball, such device can measure recoil, The angular speed of bat during shock, the offside impact number on leg side (baseball).The number for swinging and losing ball can also be measured And defence is to the number of attack stroke.Such device can also have wireless transmitter to emit this statistical data in real time To scoreboard or it is emitted to the individual device held by spectators.

Wrist or racket installation formula device can have a small amount of button (for example, two), can be used to indicate that by player The error of unforced property is won or when occurred to tennis when.This will allow algorithm to calculate winner and as forehand to the non-of counterattack The score of the error of being forced to property.Number of the direct scoring serve in tennis to double fault also can be traced in the algorithm.Such as Two players of fruit use such system, then the system can also automatically track score.

ECG based on cyclist's shank

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the electrode contacted with left hand can be used and contacted with the right hand Electrode (for example, ECG heart rate measurements) monitor the heart rate of user.Because cycling needs user to contact handlebar with hand Either side, so this specific activities is suited well for tracking user's heart rate using ECG technologies.By the way that electrode is embedded in hand In shank or handle club handle or tape, the heart rate of user can be measured when user holds handlebar.For with handle Bicycle (opposite with using handlebar tape), electrode can be incorporated into available for replace existing handle (for example, be usually not The handle of conductive factory's installation) special handle in.Left handle and right handle may be electrically connected to (for example) to be surveyed using electric wire Measure the electronic device of ECG signal.In the case of handlebar self-conductive, handlebar can be used for the electrical connection of one of handle To the electronic device for measuring ECG signal.The electronic device for measuring ECG signal is incorporated into one or both of handle.Or Person, measuring the electronic device of ECG signal can be located in individual shell.In one embodiment, this individual shell can be installed In cyclist's shank or handle.It can have the function of that typical bicycle computer has and sensor is (for example, speed passes Sensor, step sensor, GPS sensor).It can also have atypical sensor, such as air velocity transducer, GSR sensors And acceierometer sensor (being potentially also incorporated into handlebar).Technology described in the present invention can be used in this embodiment Activity metric is calculated, including (but not limited to) caloric burn, and by these measurements is emitted to two level and three stage arrangement (examples Such as, smart phone and server).

The electrode of ECG is incorporated into part or the attachment of bicycle, is held without being incorporated into handle tape and handlebar In, such as it is incorporated into gloves, brake cover, brake lever or handlebar itself.These electrodes or additional electrode can be used To measure GSR, body fat and aquation using the supplement or replacement as heart rate.In an example, it can be used and be sewn on hand Conductive filament (be used as ECG electrode) in the handle tape installed in shank measures the heart rate of user.Handle tape electrode Central bicycle computer unit is may be connected to, the center bicycle computer unit contains electronic device to measure GSR, water Cooperation use and/or heart rate.Biometric monitoring arrangement can show this information over the display.If the aquation or the heart of user Rate is more than a certain threshold value, then can remind user drink it is more, drink it is less, increase intensity or reduce intensity.In bicycle meter In the case that calculation machine only measures one or both of GSR, aquation or heart rate, algorithm can be used to estimate directly to survey The measurement of amount.For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement only can measure heart rate and duration of exercise, then can be used The combination of heart rate and duration of exercise estimates aquation and reminds user when user should drink water.Similarly, can make It is used with heart rate and duration of exercise with being reminded when user should eat or drink thing (for example, sports drink) in addition to water Family.

Indirect measurement is estimated

Bicycle computer usually measures a variety of measurements, including (but not limited to) speed, step, power and wind speed.Just The formula monitoring arrangement of taking do not measure these measurements or not with can be capable of supply that devices of these measurements communicates in the case of, usable institute The portable biometric sensor that has of metering monitoring arrangement is stated to infer these and other measurement.In one embodiment, it is described Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can measure heart rate.This measured value can be used to infer/estimate the power of user's positive output in it Amount.Such as other measurements such as age, height and weight of user can help to inform dynamometry value.Such as GPS measurements Speed, height above sea level increase/reduction, bicycle posture (to measure the inclination on slope or gradient) and accelerometer signal single-candidate Outer sensing data can be used for further informing that power is estimated.In one embodiment, can be used heart rate and power output it Between the relationship of approximately linear calculate the power output of user.

In one embodiment, monitoring arrangement is measured from portable biometric and can be used as baseline during calibration in user But in the case that the secondary device not used in the time later obtains data, calibration phase (for example, power meter) can occur.This can The pass for allowing to determine the sensing data that is measured by portable monitoring device between the sensing data that is measured by secondary device System.Then when there is no secondary devices to calculate the data not provided by biometric monitoring arrangement by secondary device but clearly During estimated value, this relationship can be used.

Automatic dispatching based on activity

It in one embodiment, can be based on the information in the calendar (or Email or text message) of user come for user Daily traveling requirement (working is come off duty, between meeting) is dispatched, target is to meet daily routines target or long term activity of earthquake mesh Mark.The historical data of user can be used to help to plan to meet both target and also required transit time.This feature can It is combined with friend or colleague.The scheduling can be completed so so that user can its walking go to work road on meet with friend or Colleague is met on Na Tiaolu and carries out meeting (but user may need to set meeting point).If the biometric in user monitors There are real-time Communication for Power between device and the friend of user, if the data of the biometric monitoring arrangement from friend indicate them Friend run later, then the longer route of bootable user's walking.

In another embodiment, can (all or part) based on the degree of approach of user and user come to user suggest walking/ Running/health route.For these recommendation data can also or extraly based on the GPS information from other users.If it deposits In real-time Communication for Power, then the busy route of preference or quiet route can be directed the user to.It is realised that the heart about other users Rate and basic health and fitness information allow one route of system recommendations to match the general level of the health of user and desired exercise/effort It is horizontal.This information can be re-used for planning/guiding to user activity/health objectives of longer-term.

Position/background sensing and application

By one or more methods, the embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement disclosed herein, which has, can determine or estimate Count the position of biometric monitoring arrangement or the sensor of background (for example, in bus, at home, in the car).It can make With dedicated location sensor, such as GPS, GLONASS or other GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) sensor.Alternatively, cocoa Infer, estimate or guess position using the sensor of lower accuracy.It is difficult to know some implementations of the position of user wherein In example, user's input can assist determining position and/or the background of user.For example, if sensing data makes it difficult to really It is in the car or in bus to determine user, then biometric monitoring arrangement communicates just with biometric monitoring arrangement Portable electronic apparatus or the Cloud Server that communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement can be presented to user inquires, so as to ask user they It rides in a bus today or by bus.The position other than vehicle context can be directed to and carry out similar inquiry.For example, such as Fruit sensing data instruction user completes strenuous exercise, but there is no the position datas that instruction user goes to body-building shop, then It can ask whether they have gone to body-building shop today to user.

Vehicle transport detects

In some embodiments, can be used biometric monitoring arrangement sensor and/or with biometric monitoring arrangement The portable electronic device of communication and/or the Cloud Server that communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement determine that user or once existed In what kind of vehicle (if there is).It should be noted that it in the examples below, communicates in one or more biometric monitoring arrangements And/or the sensor in portable electronic device can be used for sensing coherent signal.It it shall yet further be noted that can use example in the following description One or more alternative associations such as RFID, NFC or cellular phone also can be used in such as WiFi or bluetooth specific network protocols View.

In one embodiment, pair detection of blue-tooth device associated with vehicle can be used to infer user in vehicle In.For example, user can have the automobile for possessing bluetooth multimedia system.When user and their automobile close enough simultaneously During the long enough period, sensor device can recognize the bluetooth recognition of multimedia system and assume user in automobile In.The data from other sensors can be used to confirm the hypothesis of user in the car.It can be used from other sensors Data or signal are higher than the GPS velocity measured value of 30mph and as in automobile to confirm that the example of user in the car includes In characteristic accelerometer signal.Information intrinsic bluetooth ID can be used for determining that it is the Wi-Fi routers or vehicle of vehicle Type.For example, the bluetooth ID of the router in automobile can be " Audi's car multimedia ".Keyword " Audi " or " vehicle " can For guessing that router is associated with type of vehicle " automobile ".Alternatively, the data of bluetooth ID and its associated vehicle can be used Library.

In one embodiment, can by the user of biometric monitoring arrangement or by portable communication appts data come Create or update the database of bluetooth ID and its associated vehicle.This can used under auxiliary input by user and/or not It is completed under the auxiliary of family input.In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement can determine its whether in the car, Type of vehicle or particular vehicle without the use of bluetooth ID and its encounter the bluetooth ID moved together with vehicle, then it can be by bluetooth ID and information about vehicle be sent to central database using by by catalog classification as bluetooth ID corresponding with vehicle.Alternatively, such as Fruit user prior point input about they or once the information of vehicle wherein and existed and indicate them once in user The bluetooth ID encountered when during the time in the vehicle or close to the time, then bluetooth ID and information of vehicles can be sent out It is sent to central database and is associated with each other.

In another embodiment, pair detection of Wi-Fi devices associated with vehicle can be used to infer user at that In vehicle or type of vehicle.Some trains, bus, aircraft, automobile and other vehicles have Wi-Fi routers wherein. It is detectable and infer using the SSID of router or assist deduction user in particular vehicle or type of vehicle.

In one embodiment, it can be created with the user of biometric monitoring arrangement or by portable communication appts data It builds or updates SSID and its database of associated vehicle.This can be defeated under auxiliary input by user and/or in no user It is completed under the auxiliary entered.In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement can determine its whether in the car, vehicle class Type or particular vehicle without the use of SSID and its encounter the SSID moved together with vehicle, then biometric monitoring arrangement can will SSID and information about vehicle be sent to central database using by by catalog classification as SSID corresponding with vehicle.Alternatively, such as Fruit user prior point input about they or once the information of vehicle wherein and existed and indicate them once in user The SSID encountered when during the time in the vehicle or close to the time, then SSID and information of vehicles can be sent to It central database and is associated with each other.

In another embodiment of biometric monitoring arrangement, position sensor can be used to determine the track of user.With This track can be compared from the database of the route for different passage modes afterwards.Passage mode may include (but not limited to) Walking, running, cycling, drive, ride in a bus, by train, multiply tramcar, take the subway and/or by motorcycle.If The track of user and the route of special pass pattern are well corresponding, then may be assumed that user pass through that the route spent when Between the passage mode is once used during the period.It should be noted that the speed for completing the section of route or route can improve to the mould that passes through The conjecture of formula.For example, both bus and automobile can use same routes, but volume of the bus at bus station It is outer to stop permissible device and determine that user once rode in a bus rather than automobile.Similarly, cycling is with driving by a road Differentiation between line can be assisted by the typical differences of the speed between the two.This speed difference may also depend upon day When.For example, some routes can be due to automobile and slower during peak period.

In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can be existed based on the measurement in the magnetic field of vehicle to detect user In vehicle or near vehicle.In some embodiments, also can be used usually associated with vehicle position (for example, railway station, Subway station, bus stop, garage) magnetic field sign infer user currently, will or in the car.It signs in magnetic field It is non-time-varying or time-varying.

If it is determined that user once actually in time period in the car, then can change about the other of user It measures to reflect state.The step number for example carried out, institute are can measure in biometric monitoring arrangement and/or portable electronic device In the case of the activity metrics such as the distance walked or run, the height above sea level climbed and/or the calorie to be burnt, can be based on about The information that vehicle is advanced changes these measurements.If it any carried out step number or is climbed during user is in the car Height above sea level is improperly recorded, then can be removed it from the record of the measurement about user.It can also be from the measurement about user Record remove derived from the step number carried out or the height above sea level climbed that improperly record measure, such as advanced away from From with the calorie that is burnt.Can determine in real time or near real-time user whether in the car in the case of, inspection can be closed The sensor for the measurement (for example, the step number carried out or the stair climbed) that survey measures in the car when should not be can close The algorithm for measuring these measurements is closed, so as to prevent the measurement improperly recorded (and saving electric power).It should be noted that it can remember The measurement that record is used about vehicle is (for example, the type of the vehicle multiplied, the time multiplied take which route and route to spend How long) and be later used to that the other activities and physiological measurements of this data and/or correction about user are presented to user.

It is sensed using the position of bluetooth

The method for the method for being similar to that described above also can be used to determine when user connects in biometric monitoring arrangement Nearly static position.In one embodiment, the bluetooth ID of the computer at restaurant or shop (for example, tablet computer) can For determining the position of user.In another embodiment, half from portable communication appts (for example, smart phone) can be used Bluetooth ID is fixed to determine the position of user.In the case of semifixed bluetooth ID sources, it may be desired to which multiple bluetooth ID reach use The acceptable level of confidence of the position at family.For example, the database of the bluetooth ID of the colleague of user can be created.If with Family is located at during the typical working time in the range of several persons in these bluetooths ID, then may be assumed that user is working. The detection to other bluetooth ID also can be used to record when two users meet by chance.It for example, can be by analyzing pedometer number According to bluetooth ID and determine user go out to go jogging together with another user.These similar concepts are filed in 5 days March in 2014 It discusses in further detail in 61/948th, No. 468 U.S. provisional patent application cases, and previously with respect to these concepts to quote Mode is incorporated to.

The uncertain measurement of location-based GPS

When being merged sensor signal with estimated information biometric (for example, step number, pace of life, speed with GPS signal The path of degree or route) when, the quality of GPS signal is usually non-often with informedness.It is well known, however, that GPS signal quality is time-varying , and one of factor for influencing signal quality is ambient enviroment.

Location information can be used to estimate GPS signal quality.Server can storage region type map, wherein passing through evil Change the number and type of the object of GPS signal to predefine area type.The type may be, for example,：Building area Domain, small building object area, open area, by water area and wood land.It, can be with number before it when GPS sensor is opened A location estimation (its expection is more rough and incorrect) inquires these area types.Estimated by the coarse GPS of position, can returned Possible area type is returned, and then can consider these area types when calculating GPS signal q＆r.

For example, if user is in urban canyons (the circular region by high building) (for example, San Francisco urban district) Near or, then low certainty may be associated with the measurement of any GNSS location.This certainty can be later by attempting at least partly Determine that the algorithm of the track of user, speed and/or elevation uses based on GPS data.

In one embodiment, the data from one or more GNSS sensors can be used to be automatically created position and GPS The database of signal quality.By the way that GNSS tracks and street map are compared and check when GNSS sensors show user It advances along street (for example, with 10mph or higher speed) but its track is not located at characteristic on road, and automatically hold Capable this compares.It can also wherein there are the maps of high building, valley or intensive forest infers based on apparent position from displaying The deterministic databases of GPS.

It is sensed using the position of vehicle GNSS and/or dead reckoning

Many vehicles have integrated form GNSS navigation system.The user of vehicle without integrated form GNSS navigation system is normal Often it is their automobile purchase GNSS navigation system, the GNSS navigation system is usually non-permanently mounted on regarding for driver In open country.In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can communicate with the GNSS system of vehicle.Wherein just It takes in the case that formula biometric monitoring arrangement is also used for tracing positional, location information can be received from vehicle GNSS.It can make Biometric monitoring arrangement can close the GNSS sensors (in the case where it is with the sensor) of its own, therefore subtract Its few power consumption.

In addition to GNSS location detect other than, vehicle can emit about its steering wheel orientation and/or its relative to the earth The data of the orientation in magnetic field, using as the supplement of its speed for such as using tire size and tire rotary speed and measuring.This letter Breath can be used for holding in the case where GNSS system of the vehicle without GNSS system or vehicle can not obtain reliable position measurement Row dead reckoning is with determining track and/or position.The location information of dead reckoning can be supplemented from biometric monitoring arrangement GNSS sensing datas.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can reduce the frequency that it samples GNSS data, and The position determined by dead reckoning is filled in gap between GNSS location data.

With the step counter data fusion of satellite-based location determination

In some embodiments of biometric monitoring arrangement, the data fusion from various different sensors can be existed It is seen clearly together with providing the new of the activity of the wearer about biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, it is supervised from biometric The data of altimeter in view apparatus can be with passing through the accelerometer data to the accelerometer from biometric monitoring arrangement The step enumeration data for performing peak detection analysis and obtaining is combined, when to determine the wearer of biometric monitoring arrangement (for example) stair climbing or walk to go up a slope (with sitting elevator or escalator or flat ground of passing by is opposite)

In another example of Data Fusion of Sensor, the data from step counter for example discussed herein above can with from Distance measure derived from GPS data is combined to provide the fine estimation of total distance advanced in given window.Citing For, Kalman filter can be used (to make the distance based on GPS or speed data with the distance based on step counter or speed Span is multiplied by with the step number carried out) it is combined, to obtain fine distance estimations, the fine distance estimations are than single Solely the distance based on GPS or velocity measurement or distance based on step counter or velocity measurement are more accurate.In another implementation In scheme, the smoothing constant as the function such as the leg speed rate by (for example) accelerometer measures can be used come to based on GPS Distance measure is filtered.These embodiments are discussed further in No. 61/973,614 U.S. filed in 1 day April in 2014 In state's temporary patent application case, the application case was previously herein incorporated by reference herein " to the intersection of related application With reference to " section in, and the application case again herein about alignment using from satellite-based alignment system and step count sensing Content that the distance or velocity estimation of the data of device become more meticulous and be herein incorporated by reference.

Biometric and environment/exercise performance correlation

Some embodiments of portable monitoring device described herein can detect a variety of data, include biometric number According to, environmental data and activity data.Can this all data be analyzed or are presented to the user to promote to two or more classes The analysis of the degree of correlation between the data of type.In one embodiment, the heart rate of user can be with car speed, cycling speed Degree, velocity, swimming rate or walking speed are related.For example, it can be presented on to user in X-axis and draw cycling speed Degree and the chart that heart rate is drawn in Y-axis.In another example, the heart rate of user can be related to the music that user listens to.Biology Metering monitoring arrangement any sound can be once listened to about user to receive by the wireless connection (for example, bluetooth) to auto radio Happy data.In another embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can also itself serve as music player, and what therefore can record When which song played.

Weight lifting assists

In the case of the auxiliary of no personal coach or partner, it may be difficult to be properly completed weight lifting routine.It is portable Formula biometric monitoring arrangement can be by transmitting how long they should go up each weight of act, how soon they should lift weight to user Object, they how soon should reduce weight and to perform the number of each repetition lifted, and can assist user complete weight lifting routine. One or more EMG sensors or strain transducer can be used to measure the contraction of muscle of user for biometric monitoring arrangement.May be used also By measure the vibrations (for example, using accelerometer) of one or more body parts, one or more body parts sweat (for example, Use GSR sensors), rotation (for example, using gyroscope) and/or one or more body parts on temperature sensor, to push away The contraction of muscle of disconnected user.Alternatively, sensor can be placed on weight lifting equipment itself with determine using when lift and they The speed lifting or reduce, the number of repetition that they lift duration and their executeds are lifted.

In one embodiment, if biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment detect user just close to their mistake Lose the limit on (when user's no longer sustainable weight), then weight lifting equipment automatically lifting heavy or can prevent weight from reducing. In another embodiment, the manipulator that communicates with biometric monitoring arrangement or weight lifting equipment automatically lifting heavy or can prevent weight Object reduces.This permissible user (is used for the situation in failure by their limit itself is pushed to without partner/witness Lower lifting heavy) and not from the risk of injury for falling weight.

Blood glucose level monitoring auxiliary

In some embodiments, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can be configured to assist needing to monitor its blood glucose level User (for example, diabetic).In one embodiment, portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can infer user indirectly Blood glucose level or the relevant measurement of blood glucose level with user.It can be used in addition to being commonly used in monitoring blood glucose monitoring (using company Continuous or discrete finger punctures the sensor of type) sensor except sensor as typical blood glucose monitoring method Supplement is substituted or is assisted as it.For example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be based on from biometric monitoring arrangement The data of sensor measurement and to user reminding, they should check its blood glucose level.If user performs in having been measured in certain time The activity of certain type, then their blood glucose level may reduce, and therefore, and biometric monitoring arrangement can show and carry It wakes up, generate audible prompts or vibration, remind the user that their blood glucose is possible relatively low and they should be surveyed using typical blood glucose Device (for example, finger punctures the blood glucose monitor of type) is measured to check blood glucose.Biometric monitoring arrangement allows user defeated Enter the blood glucose level measured from blood-glucose meter.Alternatively, can by it is blood sugar measured be automatically emitted to biometric monitoring arrangement and/or The 3rd device (for example, smart phone or server) directly or indirectly to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement.This blood glucose measurement Value can be used for informing the algorithm used by biometric monitoring arrangement to determine when should be delivered to the prompting of next blood glucose level User.User may also be able to have eaten them, eating or planned to eat what food be input to biometric monitoring arrangement or The device directly or indirectly to communicate with biometric monitoring arrangement.This information can also be used to determine when user should be reminded to check him Blood glucose level.Other measurements described herein and sensing data can also be used separately or in combination (for example, the heart Rate data) determine user when should to be reminded to check their blood glucose.

Other than being reminded in addition to should check blood glucose level when, biometric monitoring arrangement may also display current blood glucose water Flat estimation.In another embodiment, it can be supervised by secondary device (for example, smart phone or server) using from biometric The data of view apparatus are presented to the user with the blood glucose level of estimating user and/or by this data (for example, by smart phone The data are shown on upper, webpage and/or by via data described in radio transmitting).

Biometric monitoring arrangement can also be used to make exercise, diet and other factors related to blood glucose level.This can be assisted User understands front or counter productive of these factors to their blood glucose level.Can by user using different device (for example, Finger punch through style monitor or continuous blood sugar monitor), by biometric monitoring arrangement itself and/or by inferring blood glucose Horizontal or using the other sensors and relevant measurement of blood glucose level, to measure and movable relevant blood glucose level.In biology In some embodiments for measuring monitoring arrangement, the wearable continuous blood sugar monitoring arrangement of user and biometric monitoring arrangement.This two A device will can automatically upload to third computing device (for example, server) about the data of activity and blood glucose level.Service Device then can analyze the data and/or be presented to the user the data so that user more understands their activity and blood Relationship between sugar level.The input that the server can also receive the diet about user (is eaten for example, user can input them What food) and make the diet related to blood glucose level.By help user understand diet, exercise and other factors (for example, It is nervous) their blood glucose level how is influenced, biometric monitoring arrangement can assist the user with diabetes.

UV exposure detections

In one embodiment, biometric monitoring arrangement can monitor exposure of the individual to UV radiation.One can be passed through A or multiple sensor measurement UVA and UVB.For example, have the photodiode of bandpass filter for only passing through UVA can UVA exposures are detected, and UVB exposures are can detect with the photodiode of bandpass filter for only passing through UVB.Phase also can be used Machine or reflectometer (determining that light reflection leaves the optical transmitting set and photodetector of the efficiency of skin) measure the skin pigment of user It is calm.Using UVA, UVB and cutaneous pigmentation data, biometric monitoring arrangement can provide a user what is be subjected to about it The information of UV exposed amounts.Biometric monitoring arrangement may also provide about over-exposure, the possibility of sunburn and the increase to UV The estimation or alarm of the possibility of its risk of skin cancer.

Using user, there are the screen power savings of sensor

Portable biometric metering monitoring arrangement can have one or more displays to present information to user.In a reality It applies in example, the sensor on biometric monitoring arrangement can determine user just using biometric monitoring arrangement and/or wear life Object measures monitoring arrangement to determine the state of display.For example, the biometric monitoring arrangement with PPG sensors can make When biometric monitoring arrangement is worn with determining user by the use of PPG sensors as proximity sensor.If user adorns oneself with Biometric monitoring arrangement, then the state (for example, color LCD screen) of screen can change from typicalness that it is turned off to " on " or " for use ".

It is saved relative to the power of satellite-based position determination system

In some embodiments, certain systems included in biometric monitoring arrangement may be monitored with biometric Other systems in device are compared to the relatively large amount of power of consumption.It is attributed to the small space of many biometric monitoring arrangements about Beam, this can seriously affect the overall cell charge life of biometric monitoring arrangement.For example, it is monitored in some biometrics In device, it may include satellite-based position determination system.It is used whenever using satellite-based position determination system from GPS When the data of satellite group obtain positioning, the power drawn from biometric monitoring arrangement battery is used.Biometric monitors Device can be configured to change satellite-based position determination system based on one or more biographies from biometric monitoring arrangement The data of sensor obtain the frequency of positioning.This adaptive location frequency functionalities can help power saving while still allow satellite-based Position determination system provides positioning with useful interval (in due course).

For example, if biometric monitoring arrangement has ambient light sensor, then can be used and passed from ambient light The data of sensor determine whether illumination condition indicates that biometric monitoring arrangement may be indoors rather than in outdoor.If It is indoor, then biometric monitoring arrangement can cause location frequency to be set to less than seeming to indicate biometric in illumination condition The level of monitoring arrangement workable location frequency at outdoor.This has is tasted when reducing biometric monitoring arrangement indoors The effect of the positioning number of examination, and be therefore less likely to obtain good location using satellite-based position determination system.

In another example, if the pendant of the motion sensor instruction biometric monitoring arrangement of biometric monitoring arrangement Wearer is substantially fixed, such as sleeps or do not move substantially more than several feet per minute, then satellite-based position is true Wearer's (example during exercise than motion sensor instruction biometric monitoring arrangement can be set to by determining the location frequency of system Such as, from a position walking or run to another location, for example, mobile be more than several feet) the low level of situation.

In a further example, biometric monitoring arrangement can be configured whether actually to determine biometric monitoring arrangement It is worn by people, if not, then location frequency can be set to than biometric monitoring arrangement reality by biometric monitoring arrangement The low level of situation about being worn on border.It can be for example in the exercise data of the motion sensor collection from biometric monitoring arrangement Indicate that biometric monitoring arrangement is substantially fixed (for example, even in the when biometer for showing wearer's sleep or sitting Amount monitoring arrangement undergo it is small mobile when it is also not fixed) when or for example from heart rate sensor data instruction do not detect It is determined to these whether progress is worn about biometric monitoring arrangement during heart rate.For optics heart rate sensor, if There is few change in the light quantity detected in light source switches and while turning off in light detecting sensors, then this may indicate that following thing It is real：Heart rate sensor does not compress the skin of people, and infers that biometric monitoring arrangement is not worn.This is adaptive satellite-based Position determination system location frequency concept is discussed in more detail No. 61/955,045 U.S. filed in 18 days March in 2014 and faces When patent application case in, the U.S. provisional patent application cases are previously in " to the cross reference of related application " part to draw Mode is incorporated herein and is saved hereby about the power in the context of satellite-based position determination system again Content that place points out and be herein incorporated by reference.

It should be understood that other than the feature comprising discussed in further detail below, biometric monitoring arrangement also may include above One or more feature or functions discussed or discussed in the various application cases being incorporated by reference above in discussing.These Embodiment is interpreted as within the scope of the invention.

Although discussed above concentrated on a variety of different systems that may include in biometric monitoring arrangement and functionality, But discussion subsequently below concentrates on some specific embodiments in more detail (some of them may also be discussed above).

Automatic detection is not worn and the heart rate monitor of wearing state

Some embodiments provide to operate the heart rate monitor of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to measure heartbeat waveform The method of one or more characteristics." heartbeat waveform " refer to as used herein by user heartbeat driving blood flow cause or The variation of the relevant any measuring signal of blood flow that heartbeat with user drives.In some embodiments, measuring signal and the heart Blood circulation caused by dirty pump blood passes through the circulatory system is related, causes painstaking effort in capillary volume or other parameters The variation of pipe driving.In some embodiments, heartbeat waveform is measured by photoelectricity volume diagram (PPG).In these embodiments, Blood volume in heartbeat waveform reflection capillary changes, heartbeat and pulsation (arteriopalmus as caused by heartbeat) phase with user It closes.In some embodiments, measuring signal is related with the muscle activity or ECG signal of heart.In some embodiments, the heart Dirty work moves or signal can measure to obtain heartbeat waveform by ECG.

Heartbeat waveform represents that (it corresponds to complete since being generated to next heartbeat heartbeat one or more heartbeats cycle Heartbeat) information.The frequency of cardiac cycle is described by heart rate, is typically expressed as bounce number per minute.Heartbeat waveform usually wraps Amplitude, frequency and/or the shape of waveform in information containing the various stages about heartbeat, such as one or more heartbeats cycle. In many examples, heartbeat waveform is obtaining the heart rate of user.

In some embodiments, optics heart rate monitor can be used in wearable device, by sending out light pulse and in light Detection light after interact with the skin of user or other tissues and implement different operation modes, thus capture can be used to acquisition user Heartbeat waveform, wearing state, user personality etc. data.

In some embodiments, the present invention is provided to monitor dress in the wearable body-building with heart rate monitor (HRM) It puts when determining described device is not worn by the user (or when being embodied as weared on wrist formula device for " outside wrist ") in low power state The method of middle operation described device.This feature of HRM is also known as " being automatically closed (automatic off) " function.In some realities It applies in example, automatic closing function is implemented by operating HRM in " not wearing " (or " outside wrist ") detection pattern, and automatic pass It closes function and automatically turns off the heart rate monitor operation of HRM in the case where device determines that it is not worn by the user to save energy. Other benefits of automatic closing function, which include, provides more accurately heart rate estimation.For example, when execution is automatically closed or automatically When opening (described below), heart rhythm detection algorithms can reset.In one embodiment, algorithm stops fortune when detecting outside wrist Row, and restart when detecting on wrist.When heart rate monitor restarts, reset.

In some embodiments, the present invention is provided to be determined in the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement with heart rate monitor It is operated in normal power state when described device wears (or when being embodied as weared on wrist formula device for " on wrist ") by user The method of described device.This feature of HRM also known as " automatically turns on " function.In some embodiments, automatically turning on function is Implemented by operating HRM in " wearing " (or " on wrist ") detection pattern.Automatically turn on function device detect movement and Determine its automatically make in the case of being worn by user HRM exit low power state and open HRM heart rate monitor operate.

In some embodiments, do not wear (or outside wrist) and wear (or on wrist) detection can by light (for example, LED) detect Lai Implement, send out light pulse and the detection signal after light pulse is interacted with the skin and tissue of user.In some embodiments, Some hardware, firmware, the software for the analysis that detection can be shared for light emitting, light detection and detected signal are not worn and worn And/or parameter.In other embodiments, two detection modes use the light emitting that can be used for not wearing and wearing detection, light to examine Different hardware, firmware, software and/or the parameter surveyed and analyzed.

In some embodiments, wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is entered into and exited from by probe light (for example, LED) and movement inspection The low power state that device is adjusted is surveyed, so as to implement to be automatically closed and open function.In low power state, heart rate monitor passes through Turn off or be scaled down the operation of its LED light source and its photoelectric detector and save power.In some embodiments, Qi Taguang Source and photodetector (for example, photodiode, photomultiplier, CCD or CMOS) can be used to implement to be automatically closed or open work( Energy.Figure 17 A show this embodiment, wherein identical spy light-measuring mechanism is gone back to determine that heart rate monitor is worn (" on wrist ") It is not worn (" outside wrist ").In the other embodiments being described below, two different light-measuring mechanisms of visiting can be used to determine monitoring State and the outer state of wrist on the wrist of device.As those skilled in the art will understand, although heart rate monitor as described herein is retouched It states to be worn in the wrist of user, but other types of embodiment allows user to wear heart rate monitor in an alternative form Device, such as be worn on ankle or the chest of user.In these embodiments, wearing state and non-wearing state are corresponding respectively In " state on wrist " of hereinafter describe embodiments and " outside wrist " state.

As shown in figure 17 a, LED or another light sources, which are sent out, (to be also known as wearable dress by wearable body-building monitoring arrangement Put) heart rate monitor photoelectric detector detection light pulse.In general, when device is worn by user, it is light emitted will be with The skin of user and/or other tissue interactions, and then detected by the photoelectric detector of heart rate monitor.If device not by with Family is worn, then light emitted to be detected or will be detected with varying strength or pattern dynamic by photoelectric detector.It is detected Light difference provide heart rate monitor can analyze with determining device whether the data worn by user.See frame 1702.It is retouched in this place In the embodiment painted, because wearable body-building monitoring arrangement determines that it is worn in wrist, therefore it is maintained at optical detection behaviour In operation mode.If cardiac monitor determines that wearable device is not worn by the user, such as detects the outer state of wrist, then heart rate Monitor is switched to low power state, and wherein it does not send out or detect light pulse, therefore saves on the electric power of wearable device.See frame 1704.Here in discribed embodiment, wearable device can be held in low power state or back to optical detection shape State, this can be adjusted by the movement of user.Here in discribed embodiment, if heart rate monitor is in low-power shape In state, then it is kept in the case where movement is not detected in such state.However, when detecting movement so as to indicate When user may wear wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, optical detection state is returned to.The low power state of this motor adjustment is kept away Exempt to need to adjust heart rate monitor using light source and photodetector, be saved so as to fulfill further power.Wear detection pattern Motion detection can be implemented by being suitable for any one of motion detector of wearable device as described above.Citing For, motion detection can be as implementing from the algorithm that Data Detection caused by motion sensor is static or moves.Another example can Intrinsic using motion sensor interrupts to wake up sensor, can trigger and wears detection.

In Figure 17 A in discribed embodiment, heart rate monitor can perform 1702 discribed optical detection of frame at it Heart rate or other heartbeat waveform coherent signals are measured while function.1702 optical detection mechanism of describing determines heart rate monitor Whether should be held in optical detection pattern and continue to execute cardiac monitoring function.Same light detection agency also determines heart rate monitor Whether optical detection and heart rate monitor should be exited.As shown in Figure 17 B, individual optical detection mechanism can be used for outside wrist detecting (to move back Go out PPG heart rate monitors) and wrist on detection (with enter PPG heart rate monitors).

In some embodiments, as described in the frame 1708 of Figure 17 B, for detecting the optical detection pattern of " wrist " state Can relatively low intensity send out light pulse up to certain time percentage.If light and the skin of user that light source is sent out or its It organizes interaction, then reflection or scattering light will be detected by the photoelectric detector of heart rate monitor.When this occurs, heart rate Monitor enters such as 1706 discribed normal power state of frame.When this does not occur, heart rate monitor continues optical detection up to spy It fixes time the period.If the specific time period passes by and does not detect that user interacts by optical detection, then wearable device The discribed low power state into such as frame 1710.

Heart rate monitor in normal power state performs heart rate monitor function and wears both detection detecting functions, As shown in frame 1706.In some embodiments, in the optical detection mechanism for not wearing detection of frame 1706 and frame 1708 The optical detection mechanism of wearing detection compares can be with relatively high power operation.In some embodiments, 1708 function is at two Implement in state：Outside wrist state into a fashionable function and from wrist state into fashionable different function.It hereafter will more in detail This embodiment carefully is described.In other embodiments, similar light pulse can be used for detecting the transformation do not worn and be used to detect To the transformation of wearing.In some embodiments, different analyses can be applied to not wear detection or wear detection.For example, not Wearing detection can be triggered by the certain strength changing pattern of detected light pulse, and wearing detection can be by the strong of detected light pulse Degree triggering.It is discussed further below not wear/wear the transmitting of light pulse of detection and the example of detection.

1706 optical detection mechanism can determine whether BMD is that wrist is outer (or not wearing).If not, then it is maintained at just Normal power rating is monitored with performing heart signal.If detect the outer state of wrist, then it stops PPG heart rate monitors, exits just Normal power mode and the optical detection pattern for being back to frame 1708.Up to spy in the optical detection pattern for being in 1708 in wearable device Fixed cycle and be not detected after wearing, wearable device enters the lower power state of frame 1710.Wearable device is not being examined It is maintained in lower power state in the case of measuring user movement.If detect user movement, then it returns to 1708 Optical detection state.

The process chart of Figure 18 A displayings according to some embodiments of the present invention, wherein wearing with heart rate monitor Body-building monitoring arrangement is worn to operate in different mode in a manner of having energy benefits.In various implementations as described further below In example, heart rate monitor by using such as light sources such as one or more LED send out light pulse and its with the skin of user or its It organizes detection light after interacting and is operated in different mode.It is described further below and sends out and detected light pulse Characteristic.

Here in discribed embodiment, wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is started by the movement of detection device.Such as Movement is not detected in fruit, then device is held in motion detection mode.See frame 1802.If device detects movement, then It starts the operation heart rate prison in being configured to detection device and never wearing " the wearing detection pattern " for be converted to wearing state Visual organ.Operation in second mode may include by light source (for example, LED) make light pulse and light and user skin and/ Or detection light after tissue interaction.See frame 1804.Defining in the time after second mode is entered, device determine that heart rate is supervised Whether visual organ detects that device has been converted to wearing state.See frame 1806.If not provided, so device terminates to wear detection mould Formula is shown in frame 1807, and returns to the motion detection operations of frame 1802.If device detects the transformation of wearing state, then It starts to operate heart rate monitor in the first mode of the heartbeat waveform or other heart coherent signals that are configured to measurement user Device.See frame 1808.

The second mode of frame 1804 corresponds to the wearing detection pattern as described in elsewhere herein.The one of Figure 18 A It, can be with the second mode phase of the transformation for being configured to detect non-wearing state as shown in frame 1810 in a embodiment Same mode is implemented to wear detection pattern.The alternate embodiment related with Figure 18 B described below is by wearing detection pattern and not It wears detection pattern and is embodied as two different modes.

When being operated in first mode of the heart rate monitor in frame 1808, the light arteries and veins interacted with the tissue of user is detected Punching, so as to capture signal intensity caused by heartbeat related blood stream amount in the capillary as user.In some embodiments, heart rate Monitor can measure the other information related with heartbeat waveform as described above.Meanwhile device is periodically and temporarily Operation heart rate monitor is converted to non-wearing state, while also first from wearing state with detection device in a second mode It operates to detect heart rate in pattern.See frame 1810.When heart rate monitor operates in a second mode, whether device determining device Non- wearing state has been converted to, has seen frame 1812.If not, so its continuation operates in first mode and second mode the two, As described in frame 1810.If it is then device terminates to monitor the first mode of heartbeat waveform signal.See frame 1814.At this point, Device makes heart rate monitor back to being operated in the motion detection mode of frame 1802.

The process chart of Figure 18 B shows according to some embodiments of the present invention.The process of Figure 18 B is similar to Figure 18 A's Process, but emphasis is slightly different, second for the first mode for detecting heart signal and for the non-wearing state of detection Operation starts while pattern.See frame 1822, may correspond to the frame 1810 of Figure 18 A.The process of Figure 18 B is for automatically turning off The detection of not wearing of heart rate monitor (see the second mode in frame 1822) (is detected with opening heart rate monitor see the wearing in frame 1832 Pattern) wearing detection implement two different modes.In some embodiments, same mechanism can be used for the process of Figure 18 A It detects with the degree of approach of user's body to open (see the wearing detection pattern of frame 1804) and turn off heart rate monitor (see frame 1810 Second mode).

During shown in Figure 18 B, wearable device operates heart rate monitor to detect heart rate in the first mode Or other heartbeat waveform characteristics.Meanwhile heart rate monitor operates to detect user's degree of approach in a second mode.See frame 1822. Here in discribed embodiment, implement second mode and do not worn (or outside wrist) with determining whether heart rate monitor has been converted to State.See frame 1824.If device is not yet converted to non-wearing state, then device continues in the operation of frame 1822 first Heart rate monitor is operated in pattern and second mode the two.If second mode determines not wear heart rate monitor, then device Automatically stop heart rate monitor operation in the first mode.See frame 1826.This operation contribute to by device not by with Automatically turn off heart rate monitor when wearing and save energy in family.In some embodiments, device, which enters, does not monitor heart rate or spy Survey the low-power shape of user's degree of approach (also stopping second mode operation further to save energy, do not shown in the flow chart) State.

In Figure 18 B it is discribed during, wearable device stop heart signal monitoring first mode after hold Row motion detection, the motion detection provide the triggering for automatically opening heart rate monitor function if necessary.See frame 1828.Such as It is noted elsewhere herein and, motion detection can be by different hardware and software implementation.If movement is not detected, then device It is maintained in low power state.See frame 1830.If detecting movement, the possibility that user interacts with device is indicated, then Device starts be designed to whether determining device is operated in the wearing detection pattern that may be worn by user.See frame 1832.Such as The wearing detection pattern of fruit heart rate monitor determines that it is not worn, then device returns to motion detection mode.If however, Heart rate monitor determining device is worn by user, then device returns to the operation of frame 1822 to operate in the first mode simultaneously Heart rate monitor (arrives non-wearing state to detect heartbeat and operate heart rate monitor in a second mode to detect user's degree of approach Transformation).See frame 1834.It should be understood that although the starting point and end point of device operation, institute is presented in the description of Figure 18 A and 18B It states process sustainably to implement, and can start and terminate at any moment in disclosed flow chart.In some embodiments, When user's manual ON and when turning off device, into starting and end point.

As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the heart rate monitor of wearable device includes optics heart rate monitor. When heart rate monitor operates in different mode, all patterns are related to sending out light pulse and interact it with the tissue of user at it After detect the identical pulse.Different mode can be used different light pulses and/or for explaining the various process for detecting pulse. Figure 18 C displayings detect the data with the light pulse of the degree of approach of user's body to provide heart rate with being used in some embodiments Light pulse sketch.As in displaying embodiment, heart rate monitor is sent out for heart rate data stream and detection data stream two The light pulse of person.As discribed heart rate data stream in this embodiment has such as 25Hz (or between two continuous impulses For 40ms) lower frequency, and detect higher-frequency of the stream with such as 100Hz (or between two continuous impulses be 10ms) Rate.Those skilled in the art understands understanding, and different frequency and amplitude can be used for described two data flows, while be kept for two Data flow can separate.In certain embodiments, the upper frequency is than about 2 to 5 times of the lower frequency or about 2 to 4 Times.Two different frequencies of light pulse allow heart rate monitor to be simultaneously emitted by and detect two unlike signals.Heart rate data stream permits Perhaps heart rate monitor determines the heart rate signal of user.Detection data stream allow heart rate monitor determining device whether close proximity to The body of user.In some embodiments, heart rate data stream sustainably operates in the first mode, and detects stream periodically It operates in a second mode.For example, detection data stream can be per (one second) operation 120ms of 1000ms.In some embodiments, Heart rate monitor operation detection stream when it operates heart rate data stream reaches the time less than about 50%.In other embodiments, institute It states percentage and is smaller than about 40%, 30%, 20%, 10% or 5%.

In some embodiments, as shown in example herein, heart rate data stream and the same phase of detection data stream so that come from Some pulses of one stream and some pulse matchings in another stream.This arrangement can help to reduce the number of light pulse, thus Save energy.In other embodiments, as shown in following instance, two data streams out-phase can provide what is be more readily separated Data flow.

Figure 18 D displayings can be used to provide light arteries and veins of the heart rate to being used to detect the degree of approach of user's body in some embodiments Another sketch of the light pulse of the data of punching.The light pulse of heart rate data stream for describing herein is similar to the light in Figure 18 C Pulse.However, detection data stream herein has variable intensity, and the detection data stream in Figure 18 C has fixing intensity.Herein The detection data stream of displaying also can be used to detection user's skin properties in some embodiments, as next part is further retouched It states.In the example shown here, detection data stream includes 8 pulses with 100Hz, wherein four have variable intensity.Herein Locate in some embodiments not shown, less pulse there can be variable intensity, for example, only two pulses have variable intensity. In some embodiments or even a pulse can be enough for detection.In this example, the two in the pulse has phase To compared with low-intensity, and it is different from each other.For example, for that can have about 0.02 value for arriving 0.04mW compared with low intensity pulse, and There is about 0.025 value for arriving 0.05mW for higher-strength pulse.Difference between two pulses is designated as D1, and can connect in figure It is bordering on about 0.002 to 0.005mW.The two in the pulse has relatively high intensity, and different from each other.For example, For that there can be about 0.1 value for arriving 0.11mW compared with low intensity pulse, and have about 0.14 to 0.15mw for higher-strength pulse Value.In other embodiments, it can adjust the intensity value.As additional examples, a pair of more low intensive pulse can in terms of mW Intensity with about 0.01 to 0.03 (for example, about 0.021) and 0.025 to 0.035 (for example, about 0.027), and higher-strength pair There can be the pulse strength of about 0.15 to 0.17 (for example, about 0.16) and about 0.17 to 0.19 (for example, about 0.175).

Difference between two high intensity pulses is designated as D2.Two differences between, which mark, is.In addition, in eight pulses Four there is intermediate and constant intensity.The particular number and intensity of different pulses may be adjusted to provide to be measured and analysis Good signal.In some embodiments, the value of D1 and D2 is set to that photoelectric detector is allowed to detect different responses, this allows again Analyze light-user's interaction and user's skin properties.The value of relatively low and higher-strength and D3 are set in user's wearable device Allow to be trapped in the light reflection in the range of possible condition：The different colours of skin, movement, sweat is horizontal and forms, environment light condition, etc.. Intermediate intensity is set to allow to capture background signal.In some embodiments, for example, compared with low intensity pulse for light color Skin provides good detection intensity；High intensity pulses provide good detection for dark skin；And intermediate intensity pulse provides use In the good default value of Baseline detection.

In some embodiments, the intensity for the light measured by any one of pulse can be used to determine wear and/or Non- wearing state and user's skin properties.If user adorns oneself with device and light pulse is interacted with user and is then detected It arrives, then device can infer the degree of approach of user from the intensity of detected signal.For example, if device is worn, then Detection intensity, which can be higher than, not to be worn, or vice versa.Moreover, if device is worn, then be can detect and is met sent out arteries and veins The ripple frequency of punching.If device is worn, then institute's detection intensity difference between a pair of of pulse can in sent out pulse Poor (for example, D1, D2 or D3) is related.These differences can provide the deduction that device is worn.In some embodiments, two pulses The difference that detects between (for example, D1 to) can be by the difference between two isopulses and normalization, then can will be through normalization Difference whether worn with determining device compared with threshold value.This analysis helps to eliminate the natural noise in institute's detection light. In other embodiments, device determines the variation of response.When changing high, device obtains its conclusion worn, and when variation When low, device obtains its conclusion do not worn.In some embodiments further described in next part, control is detected The slope of the data point (such as intensity or power) of the transmitting light value of light and or trend can be used to obtain user's skin response characteristic, It can then be used to calibration transmission power and/or detect gain.In some embodiments, device, which can have, wear/does not wear inspection Both brake and skin properties calibration function, as further described in next part.

Some embodiments provide a kind of heart rate monitor for operating the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement with multiple sensors Method.The method includes：(a) heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode, while is also being configured to detection institute It states and is operated in wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to the second mode of the close proximity of the skin of user, wherein the first mode Be configured to determine the heartbeat waveform of user when the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is close proximity to the user one or Multiple characteristics；(b) information collected from the second mode determines that the heart rate monitor is kept off in the skin of the user Skin；And (c) terminates the heart rate monitor and exists in response to determining that the heart rate monitor is kept off in the skin of the user Operation in the first mode.In some embodiments, one or more characteristics of the heartbeat waveform of the user include user Heart rate.

In some embodiments, the wearable device include motion sensor, and the method further to： (c) before, the information exported from the motion detection sensor determines that the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is quiet up at least The defined period；And it in response to detecting that the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is quiet up at least the defined period, performs (c).In some embodiments, before (a) when the first mode does not operate, described device：(i) it is passed using motion detection Sensor detect the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement movement and/or by operated in the third mode the heart rate monitor and The heart rate monitor is detected to the degree of approach of the skin of the user；And (ii) when determining the wearable body-building monitoring dress When putting close proximity to the user, the operation of the first mode of the heart rate monitor is originated.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor operates for no more than about 50% time in a second mode.At it In its embodiment, the percentage is no more than about 40%, 30%, 20% or 10%.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the second mode to be related to：Make the heart rate monitor Light source in device in a second mode pulse, and with the light of the second mode frequency detecting from the light source by frequency；And The heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode is related to making light source in heart rate monitor frequency in the first pattern Pulsation, and with the light of the first mode frequency detecting from the light source.In some embodiments, in second mould The heart rate monitor is operated in formula to be related to：Send out a succession of light pulse with variable intensity；And it determines to correspond to described Whether institute's detection light of consecutive light pulse has the variable response of the variable intensity corresponding to the light emitted pulse.

Some embodiments provide a kind of heart rate monitor for operating the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement with multiple sensors Method.The method includes：(a) fortune of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is detected using the motion detection sensor It is dynamic；(b) in response to detecting the movement in (a), it is being configured to detect the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to user Skin close proximity wearing detection pattern in operate the heart rate monitor；And (c) is examined via described wear Survey pattern determines that the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement close to after the skin of the user, that is, is engraved in and is configured to determine institute It states and the heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode of one or more characteristics of the heartbeat waveform of user.In some embodiments, When the heart rate monitor is not operated or operated in low-power mode, perform (a).In some embodiments, the method It is related to before (a)：(i) heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode, while is also being configured to described in detection It is operated in wearable body-building monitoring arrangement to the second mode of the close proximity of the skin of user；(ii) from the second mode The information of middle collection determines that the heart rate monitor is kept off in the skin of the user；And (iii) is described in response to determining Heart rate monitor, which is kept off, in the skin of the user, terminates the operation of the heart rate monitor in the first mode.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor operates for no more than about 50% time in detection pattern is worn. In other embodiments, the percentage is no more than about 40%, 30%, 20% or 10%.

In some embodiments, the heart rate monitor is operated in the wearing detection pattern to include：From with second Light source in the heart rate monitor in frequency and/or stage sends out light pulse；Detection come from the second frequency and/or The light of the light source in stage；And described in determining to detect under the second frequency and/or stage just it is no have refer to Show intensity and/or pattern that the light from the light source has interacted with the skin of the user.In some embodiments, institute Light emitted pulse is stated with variable intensity.In some embodiments, the light emitted pulse is included with variable intensity A succession of light pulse.In some embodiments, the one in the consecutive light pulse has than in the consecutive light pulse The two intensity at least 5 times big.In some embodiments, it is sent out about 0.05 to 0.5mW (for example, about 0.012mW) relatively low Strength pulse, and about 0.5 to 2mW higher-strength pulse is sent out (for example, about 1.19mW).It in other embodiments, can basis Using and embodiment adjustment intensity.In some embodiments, the consecutive light pulse is included to have and be interacted with light skin When provide variable response intensity the first group pulse, and the consecutive light pulse is also included in when being interacted with dark skin and provides Second group pulse of the intensity of variable response.

With the heart rate monitor calibrated automatically

In some embodiments, the present invention provides the method and dress that heartbeat waveform is accurately measured for different user characteristic It puts, such as the colour of skin of user, movement, sweat, position and physiological status (for example, skin thickness, body fat, etc.).Figure 19 A Between the luminous intensity that displaying is sent out by the light source of heart rate monitor and the signal by the photoelectric detector detection of heart rate monitor Two relationships.Because the deeper skin of color has the relatively antiradar reflectivity of light, therefore photoelectric detector reading and optical pulse intensity Relationship between (for example, DAC) tends to compare pale skin with relatively low slope.Figure 19 B describe the time-modulation of TIA signals, The pattern reflection wherein modulated adjusts the heartbeat of reflection and the refraction of the capillary system of user.In some embodiments, skin Light pulse of the signal of characterization than first mode is operated intermittently with upper frequency for heart rate monitor.

Figure 19 C displaying for the light emitting power by adjusting heart rate monitor and/or light detection gain and operating can wear Wear the flow chart of the process of the heart rate monitor of body-building monitoring arrangement.In various embodiments, adjustment can be by software, firmware or hard Part is implemented.The process is started by sending out and detecting light pulse in skin representation pattern.See frame 1902.In some implementations It, can be similar or equivalent to wearing and/or do not wear as shown in figure 18d for the light pulse of skin representation pattern in example Those light pulses of detection pattern.In other embodiments, there can be the intensity of oblique ascension for the light pulse of skin representation pattern, As shown in fig. 19d.In some embodiments, it is configured to measure heartbeat wave with being used for for the light pulse of skin representation pattern The same phase of light pulse of the first mode of shape information.In other embodiments, for the light pulse of skin representation pattern with for the The pulse difference phase of one pattern, as shown in fig. 19d.Figure 19 D displaying can be used to adjust heart rate monitor the intensity of light source and/or Light detection gain so as to accurately measure have the different characteristics such as the colour of skin user heart rate signal light pulse signal mould Formula.

As described in Figure 19 D, the mode of discribed mode in Figure 18 B can be similar to for measuring the of heart rate Apply the light pulse with constant intensity and lower frequency in one pattern for generating pulse.Meanwhile the optical signal of various intensity Second can be used to detection skin reflex characteristic.When reflection characteristic is detected and determined by heart rate monitor, heart rate can be passed through Monitor adjusts luminous intensity and/or detection gain so that optimum signal level and pattern can be measured by heart rate monitor.

For adjust the process of heart rate monitor further to determine the detection light values of some initial light pulses relative to Emit the slope of light value.See frame 1904.In some embodiments, various transmitting light levels, the hair are provided for Different Slope Light level is penetrated to provide for having the good heart rate monitor performance of the skin condition of suitable slope.The process is then based on described Identified slope, corresponding previous offer slope and the new transmitting light value of luminous intensity selection.See frame 1906.New transmitting light value is used for The first mode that operation measures for heartbeat waveform.See frame 1908.

The process in skin representation pattern further to collecting more multi-site data (see frame 1910) and close mathematics System is fitted to collected more multi-site data (see frame 1912).It may depend on the emissive porwer for different skin characteristic and detection Data pattern between intensity and apply various mathematical relationships.In some embodiments, mathematical relationship is linear, such as Figure 19 E Shown in.In other embodiments, mathematical relationship is polynomial, as shown in Figure 19 F.In other embodiments, it can apply Alternative mathematical relationship.The process further to application notified provide good detection reading default detection light value (for example, Luminous intensity or power) to the fit correlation to obtain corresponding transmitting light value.The process is then related to described pre- to correspond to If the transmitting light value that obtains of detection light value sends out light for operating heart rate monitor in the first mode.See frame 1914. In some embodiments, with after acquisition value sends out light, calibration process terminates.See frame 1916.In other embodiments, it calibrates Process is sustainable and dynamically adjusts emitted luminescence intensity.In some embodiments, calibration process can adjust the increasing of photoelectric detector Benefit.

The offer of some embodiments is a kind of to be used to adjust to operate the heart rate monitor in wearable body-building monitoring arrangement The method of at least one setting.The method is related to：(a) by sending out a succession of light pulse to make in skin representation pattern State the light source pulsation in cardiac monitor, at least some variable intensities having relative to each other of the light pulse；(b) detection exists The light interacted with the skin of the user after from the light of the light pulse sent out in the skin representation pattern Strength Changes；(c) Strength Changes of the light detected from (b) determine the response characteristic of the skin of the user；With And (d) using the response characteristic adjustment of the skin of the user for detecting the one or more of the heartbeat waveform of the user The gain of the heart rate monitor operated in the first mode of a characteristic and/or light emitting intensity.

In some embodiments, the response characteristic depends on the opacity of the skin of the user.In some implementations In example, it is to be performed simultaneously to operate and operated in skin representation pattern in first mode.In some embodiments, while described It is operated in first mode and the response for being related to periodically determining the skin of the user is operated in the skin representation pattern Characteristic, while constantly operate in the first mode.In some embodiments, it is operated in the skin representation pattern Time of occurrence is no more than about 50%, for example, no more than about 40% time or no more than about 30% time, no more than about 20% time, no more than about 10% time, no more than about 5% time.

In some embodiments, operation is related to making the light source in heart rate monitor with first frequency arteries and veins in the first mode It moves and the light from the light source is detected with the first frequency after the light interacts with the skin of user.In addition, In the skin representation pattern operation be related to making the light source in the heart rate monitor pulsed with second frequency and with The second frequency detects the light from the light source.

There are described herein and explanation many concepts and embodiment.Although it is described herein and has illustrated certain realities Apply example, feature, attribute and advantage, it should be appreciated that apparent many other and different and/or similar from description and explanation Embodiment, feature, attribute and advantage.Above example is only provided as example as a result,.It is not intended in detail or incites somebody to action The present invention is limited to revealed precise forms, technology, material and/or configuration.According to the present invention, many modifications and variation are possible 's.It should be understood that using other embodiments, and operation change can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.As a result, The scope of the present invention is not limited in above description, because retouching for above example is presented for purposes of illustration and description It states.

Importantly, the present invention is also not necessarily limited to these aspects and/or implements neither limited to any single aspect or embodiment Any combinations of example and/or arrangement.In addition, can individually or jointly in other aspects and/or the embodiment of the present invention one or More persons and for the use of the present invention and/or each of embodiment.It for simplicity, will not herein individually Discuss and/or illustrate those arrangement and combination in it is many those of.

Claims

1. a kind of method for the heart rate monitor for operating wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement include The one or more sensors of the heart rate monitor are included, the method includes：

(a) heart rate monitor is operated in a second mode to detect the skin of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement and user Close proximity, wherein when operating in the second mode, the heart rate monitor is configured to：

(i) first group of one or more light pulse is sent out using the light source in the heart rate monitor；And

(ii) the photoelectric detector detection light in the heart rate monitor is utilized；

(b) information collected from the second mode, determine the heart rate monitor keep off in the user skin or Person determine detected light correspond to first group of one or more light pulse thus the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement it is tight Contiguity is bordering on the user；And

(c) first group of one or more light pulse is corresponded to based on determining detected light, originates the heart rate monitor Operation in the first mode, wherein when operating in the first mode, the heart rate monitor is configured to：

(i) second group of one or more light pulse is sent out using the light source in the heart rate monitor；

(ii) it is corresponding with second group of one or more light pulse using the photoelectric detector detection in the heart rate monitor Additional light；And

(iii) one or more characteristics of the heartbeat waveform of user are determined from the additional light detected.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein (a) including periodically operating the heart rate in the second mode Monitor.

3. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein

The heart rate monitor is operated in the second mode including making the light source in the heart rate monitor in a second mode Frequency is pulsed, and with the light of the second mode frequency detecting from the light source；And

The heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode including making the light source in the heart rate monitor in the first pattern Frequency is pulsed, and with the light of the first mode frequency detecting from the light source.

4. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein described second mode frequency is more than the first mode frequency.

5. include according to the method described in claim 1, wherein operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode：

The light source in the heart rate monitor is made to pulse with second frequency；

Light from the light source is detected with the second frequency；And

Determine with the second frequency detection described in just it is no have instruction the light from the light source with the use The intensity and/or pattern of the skin interaction at family.

6. according to the method described in claim 5, the light source pulsation is wherein made to include sending out a company in the second mode Optical crosstalk pulse, some light pulses have variable intensity, and other light pulses have constant intensity.

7. include according to the method described in claim 1, wherein operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode：

Send out a succession of light pulse with variable intensity；And

The determining light detected corresponding to a succession of light pulse is no with corresponding to the described variable of the light pulse The variable response of intensity.

8. according to the method described in claim 1, further comprise, before (a) and when the second mode does not operate：

(i) movement of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is detected using motion detection sensor；And

(ii) when determining the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement close proximity to the user, the heart rate monitor is originated The operation of the second mode.

9. a kind of method for the heart rate monitor for operating wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement include Multiple sensors comprising the heart rate monitor and motion detection sensor, the method includes：

(a) movement of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is detected using the motion detection sensor；

(b) in response to detecting the movement in (a), operate the heart rate monitor in a second mode with detect it is described can The close proximity of body-building monitoring arrangement and the skin of user is worn, wherein when operating in the second mode, the heart rate Monitor is configured to：

(c) information collected from the second mode, determine the heart rate monitor keep off in the user skin or Person determine detected light correspond to first group of one or more light pulse thus the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement it is tight Contiguity is bordering on the user；And

(d) first group of one or more light pulse is corresponded to based on determining detected light, originates the heart rate monitor Operation in the first mode, wherein when operating in the first mode, the heart rate monitor is configured to：

10. according to the method described in claim 9, wherein

11. include according to the method described in claim 9, wherein operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode：

Light pulse is sent out from the light source in the heart rate monitor with second frequency and/or stage；

Detection is from the light in the second frequency and/or the light source in stage；And

It is just no described in determining to detect under the second frequency and/or stage that there is instruction from described in the light source The intensity and/or pattern that light has interacted with the skin of the user.

12. according to the method for claim 11, include sending out with variable intensity wherein sending out light pulse from the light source A succession of light pulse.

13. the method according to claim 11 interacts wherein a succession of light pulse includes to have with light skin When provide variable response intensity a set of pulses, and wherein described a succession of light pulse is included in when being interacted with dark skin and carries For another group pulse of the intensity of variable response.

14. include according to the method described in claim 9, wherein operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode：

Send out a succession of light pulse with variable intensity；And

15. according to the method described in claim 9, further comprise：

The information exported from the motion detection sensor determines that the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is quiet up at least institute Define the period；And

In response to detecting that the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement is quiet up at least the defined period, described device is powered off.

16. according to the method described in claim 9, wherein when the heart rate monitor does not operate or is operated in low-power mode When, it performs (a).

17. according to the method described in claim 9, wherein (a) include detection the output from the motion detection sensor, Described in output be more than define threshold value.

18. it according to the method described in claim 9, is further contained in before (a)：

(i) heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode, while also is being configured to detect the wearable body-building It is operated in monitoring arrangement to the second mode of the close proximity of the skin of user；

(ii) information collected from the second mode determines that the heart rate monitor is kept off in the skin of the user； And

(iii) in response to determining that the heart rate monitor is kept off in the skin of the user, terminate the heart rate monitor and exist Operation in the first mode.

19. a kind of heart rate monitor for operating wearable body-building monitoring arrangement operates at least the one of the heart rate monitor to adjust The method of a setting includes wherein operating the heart rate monitor：

(a) light source in the heart rate monitor is made to pulse by sending out a succession of light pulse in skin representation pattern, institute State at least some variable intensities having relative to each other of light pulse；

(b) after being interacted with the skin of user from the light of the light pulse sent out in the skin representation pattern, Detect the Strength Changes of the light；

(c) Strength Changes of the light detected from (b) determine the response characteristic of the skin of the user；

(d) it is adjusted using the response characteristic of the skin of the user for detecting the one of the heartbeat waveform of the user The gain of the heart rate monitor operated in the first mode of more than characteristic and/or light emitting intensity；

(e) heart rate monitor is operated in a second mode to detect the skin of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement and user Close proximity, wherein when operating in the second mode, the heart rate monitor is configured to：

(f) information collected from the second mode, determine the heart rate monitor keep off in the user skin or Person determine detected light correspond to first group of one or more light pulse thus the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement it is tight Contiguity is bordering on the user；And

(g) first group of one or more light pulse is corresponded to based on determining detected light, utilizes what is adjusted in (d) Gain and/or light emitting intensity originate the operation of the heart rate monitor in the first mode, wherein in the first mode During operation, the heart rate monitor is configured to：

20. according to the method for claim 19, wherein operating in the first mode and in the skin representation pattern Middle operation is to be performed simultaneously.

21. according to the method for claim 19, wherein a succession of light pulse includes some light with variable intensity Pulse and other light pulses with constant intensity.

22. according to the method for claim 19, wherein a succession of light pulse sent out in (a) is included with variable At least two light pulses of intensity, and the response characteristic of the skin of the determining user includes determining to come from wherein in (c) (b) function or characteristic of the Strength Changes of the light of the light pulse detected in；And the function of wherein described Strength Changes or Characteristic is to adjust the gain of the heart rate monitor operated in the first mode and/or the user of light emitting intensity Skin the response characteristic.

23. according to the method for claim 22, wherein determining that the function or characteristic are described including being detected from (b) Light pulse determines the slope of the Strength Changes of light.

24. a kind of method for the heart rate monitor for operating wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, wherein the heart rate monitor includes light Source and photodetector, the method includes：

(a) heart rate monitor is operated in the first mode while also for determining the skin of the response characteristic of the skin of user It is operated in skin representation pattern, wherein the first mode is configured to determine more than one spy of the heartbeat waveform of the user Property, and wherein described skin representation pattern is including emissive porwer of the generation expression from the light source and from the photodetector Correspondence detection level data point；

(b) being fitted to the data point of the skin representation pattern makes light source emission intensity and photodetector detection level phase The mathematical relationship of pass；

(c) it determines to provide using the mathematical relationship and is identified as the predetermined photodetector that good heart rate monitor performance is provided detection Horizontal light source emission intensity setting；

(d) light source emission intensity is adjusted to the identified setting in (c) to be used to operate in the first mode；

25. according to the method for claim 24, wherein the mathematical relationship is linear.

26. according to the method for claim 24, wherein the predetermined photodetector detection level is previously determined as having High s/n ratio.

27. according to the method for claim 24, further comprise before (b),

Determine that fitting is represented described in the emissive porwer from the light source and the correspondence detection level from the photodetector The slope of the line of data point；And

It sets to operate in the first mode based on the identified slope and the preset value of emissive porwer level The light source emission intensity.

28. according to the method for claim 24, wherein light source emission intensity setting is 0.05 to 2mW.

29. according to the method for claim 24, wherein operating the heart rate monitor packet in the skin representation pattern It includes and sends out a succession of light pulse, and some in wherein described light pulse are with variable intensity, and other light pulses have and that This compares constant intensity.

30. according to the method for claim 24, wherein operating the heart rate monitor packet in the skin representation pattern It includes and sends out a succession of light pulse, and at least the two in wherein described light pulse has intensity variable compared with each other.

31. the method according to claim 21 or 24, wherein the response characteristic depends on the skin of the user not Transparency.

32. the method according to claim 22 or 24, wherein while operation and in the skin in the first mode Operation includes periodically determining the response characteristic of the skin of the user, while constantly in first mould in representation pattern It is operated in formula.

33. according to the method for claim 32, wherein the time of occurrence in skin representation pattern operation is no more than 50%.

34. according to the method for claim 32, wherein operation is including making the heart rate monitor in the first mode In the light source pulsed with first frequency and after the light from the light source interacts with the skin of the user with The first frequency detects the light；And operation includes making in the heart rate monitor wherein in the skin representation pattern The light source pulsed with second frequency and after the light from the light source interacts with the skin of the user with The second frequency detects the light.

35. it according to the method for claim 34, operates and further comprises in the light in the skin representation pattern Determine after being interacted with the skin of the user the more than two light pulses detected with the second frequency strength level and/or Pattern.

36. according to the method described in claim 1,9,19 or 24, wherein the heart rate detector includes optics heart rate detector.

37. a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, including：

Motion sensor is configured to provide the defeated of the movement that the user for corresponding to the wearing body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out Go out；And

Photoelectricity volume sensor, including：(i) periodical light source；(ii) photodetector was located to receive by the period Property light source interacts the periodical light sent out later with the skin of user；And the output of (iii) from the photodetector determines to use The circuit of the heart rate at family；And

Control logic is configured to perform following method, including：

(a) heart rate monitor is operated in a second mode to detect the skin of the wearable body-building monitoring arrangement and user Close proximity, wherein when operating in the second mode, the heart rate monitor is configured to；

38. the device according to claim 37, wherein (a) including periodically operating the heart in the second mode Rate monitor, while the heart rate monitor is constantly operated in the first mode.

39. the device according to claim 37, wherein

40. device according to claim 39, wherein the second mode frequency is more than the first mode frequency.

41. the device according to claim 37 includes wherein operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode：

Light from the light source is detected with the second frequency；And

42. device according to claim 41, wherein the light source pulsation is made to include sending out one in the second mode Consecutive light pulse, some light pulses have variable intensity, and other light pulses have constant intensity.

43. the device according to claim 37 includes wherein operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode：

Send out a succession of light pulse with variable intensity；And

44. the device according to claim 37 further comprises before (a) and when the second mode does not operate：

45. a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, including：

Motion sensor is configured to provide the defeated of the movement that the user for corresponding to the wearing body-building monitoring arrangement is carried out Go out；

Control logic is configured to perform following method, including：

(a) using the movement of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement described in the motion sensor senses；

46. device according to claim 45, wherein

47. device according to claim 45 includes wherein operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode：

48. device according to claim 47, wherein the light pulse sent out from the light source includes sending out with variable strong A succession of light pulse of degree.

49. device according to claim 48 interacts wherein a succession of light pulse includes to have with light skin When provide variable response intensity a set of pulses, and wherein described a succession of light pulse is included in when being interacted with dark skin and carries For another group pulse of the intensity of variable response.

50. device according to claim 45 includes wherein operating the heart rate monitor in the second mode：

Send out a succession of light pulse with variable intensity；And

51. device according to claim 45, further comprises：

52. device according to claim 45, wherein when the heart rate monitor does not operate or is grasped in low-power mode When making, perform (a).

53. device according to claim 45, wherein (a) includes output of the detection from the motion detection sensor, Wherein described output is more than to define threshold value.

54. device according to claim 45, is further contained in before (a)：

55. a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, including：

Control logic is configured to perform following method, including：

(b) it detects after the light interacts with the skin of the user from the institute sent out in the skin representation pattern State the Strength Changes of the light of light pulse；

56. device according to claim 55, wherein operating in the first mode and in the skin representation pattern Middle operation is to be performed simultaneously.

57. device according to claim 55, wherein a succession of light pulse includes some light with variable intensity Pulse and other light pulses with constant intensity.

58. device according to claim 55, a succession of light pulse sent out in (a), which includes, has variable intensity At least two light pulses, and wherein in (c) determine the user skin response characteristic include determine come from (b) The function or characteristic of the Strength Changes of the light of the light pulse detected；And the function or characteristic of wherein described Strength Changes are To adjust the skin of the user of the gain of the heart rate monitor operated in the first mode and/or light emitting intensity The response characteristic.

59. device according to claim 58, wherein determining that the function or characteristic are described including being detected from (b) Light pulse determines the slope of the Strength Changes of light.

60. a kind of wearable body-building monitoring arrangement, including：

Control logic is configured to perform following method, including：

61. device according to claim 60, wherein the mathematical relationship is linear.

62. device according to claim 60, wherein the predetermined photodetector detection level is previously determined as having High s/n ratio.

63. device according to claim 60, further comprises before (b),

64. device according to claim 60, wherein light source emission intensity setting is 0.05 to 2mW.

65. device according to claim 60, wherein operating the heart rate monitor packet in the skin representation pattern It includes and sends out a succession of light pulse, and some in wherein described light pulse are with variable intensity, and other light pulses have and that This compares constant intensity.

66. device according to claim 60, wherein operating the heart rate monitor packet in the skin representation pattern It includes and sends out a succession of light pulse, and at least the two in wherein described light pulse has intensity variable compared with each other.

67. the device according to claim 55 or 60, wherein the response characteristic depends on the skin of the user not Transparency.

68. the device according to claim 56 or 60, wherein while operation and in the skin in the first mode Operation includes periodically determining the response characteristic of the skin of the user, while constantly in first mould in representation pattern It is operated in formula.

69. device according to claim 68, wherein the time of occurrence operated in the skin representation pattern is no more than 50%.

70. device according to claim 68, wherein operation includes making the heart rate monitor in the first mode In the light source pulsed with first frequency and after the light interacts with the skin of the user with described first frequency Rate detects the light from the light source；Operation includes making in the heart rate monitor wherein in the skin representation pattern Light source is pulsed with second frequency and is come after the light interacts with the skin of the user with second frequency detection From the light of the light source.

71. device according to claim 70 further comprises wherein being operated in the skin representation pattern described Light determines the strength level of more than two light pulses detected with the second frequency after having been interacted with the skin of the user And/or pattern.

72. according to the device described in claim 37,45,55 or 60, wherein the heart rate detector includes optics heart rate detection Device.