DE10230413B4 - Device for determining the blood volume during extracorporeal blood treatment - Google Patents
Device for determining the blood volume during extracorporeal blood treatment Download PDFInfo
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- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 143
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000385 dialysis solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001631 haemodialysis Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000322 hemodialysis Effects 0.000 description 11
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000004872 arterial blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000036770 blood supply Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000004506 Blood Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010017384 Blood Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012503 blood component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002615 hemofiltration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000009304 Acute Kidney Injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010005746 Blood pressure fluctuation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000005483 Hooke's law Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000001953 Hypotension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000033626 Renal failure acute Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 201000011040 acute kidney failure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000022831 chronic renal failure syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010247 heart contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036543 hypotension Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3621—Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3639—Blood pressure control, pressure transducers specially adapted therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/14—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis
- A61M1/16—Dialysis systems; Artificial kidneys; Blood oxygenators ; Reciprocating systems for treatment of body fluids, e.g. single needle systems for hemofiltration or pheresis with membranes
- A61M1/1621—Constructional aspects thereof
- A61M1/1635—Constructional aspects thereof with volume chamber balancing devices between used and fresh dialysis fluid
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M1/00—Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
- A61M1/36—Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
- A61M1/3607—Regulation parameters
- A61M1/3609—Physical characteristics of the blood, e.g. haematocrit, urea
- A61M1/3612—Physical characteristics of the blood, e.g. haematocrit, urea after treatment
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- External Artificial Organs (AREA)
- Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
Abstract
Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Blutvolumens während einer extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung in einem extrakorporalen Blutkreislauf (I), der einen zu einer Blutbehandlungseinrichtung (1) führenden arteriellen Zweig (5) einer Blutleitung (5, 7) und einen von der Blutbehandlungseinrichtung abgehenden venösen Zweig (7) der Blutleitung (5, 7) aufweist, wobei die Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Blutvolumens Mittel (26, 27, 30) zum Messen der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit oder Laufzeit der sich in dem extrakorporalen Kreislauf ausbreitenden Pulswellen aufweist, gekennzeichnet durch
Mittel (6) zum Generieren von Pulswellen in dem extrakorporalen Kreislauf (I) und
Mittel (30) zum Bestimmen des Blutvolumens, die derart ausgebildet sind, dass das Blutvolumen aus der gemessenen Laufzeit oder Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit der Pulswellen bestimmbar ist.Device for determining the blood volume during an extracorporeal blood treatment in an extracorporeal blood circuit (I), which has an arterial branch (5) of a blood line (5, 7) leading to a blood treatment device (1) and a venous branch (7) leading from the blood treatment device Blood line (5, 7), the device for determining the blood volume having means (26, 27, 30) for measuring the speed of propagation or transit time of the pulse waves propagating in the extracorporeal circuit, characterized by
Means (6) for generating pulse waves in the extracorporeal circuit (I) and
Means (30) for determining the blood volume, which are designed such that the blood volume can be determined from the measured transit time or propagation speed of the pulse waves.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Blutvolumens während einer extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung in einem extrakorporalen Blutkreislauf mit einer Blutbehandlungseinrichtung.The invention relates to a device to determine the blood volume during an extracorporeal Blood treatment in an extracorporeal blood circuit with a Blood processor.
Zur Entfernung von harnpflichtigen Substanzen und zum Flüssigkeitsentzug werden beim akuten und chronischen Nierenversagen verschiedene Verfahren zur apparativen Blutreinigung bzw. Blutbehandlung eingesetzt. Bei der Hämodialyse (HD) überwiegt der diffusive Stofftransport, während bei der Hämofiltration (HF) ein konvektiver Stofftransport über die Membran stattfindet. Eine Kombination aus beiden Verfahren ist die Hämodiafiltration (HDF).To remove urine Substances and for fluid withdrawal different procedures are used for acute and chronic kidney failure used for apparatus blood purification or blood treatment. at hemodialysis (HD) predominates the diffusive mass transfer, while in hemofiltration (HF) a convective mass transfer takes place across the membrane. A combination of both methods is hemodiafiltration (HDF).
Während der extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung strömt das Blut des Patienten über einen arteriellen Zweig eines Schlauchleitungssystems in eine Blutbehandlungseinrichtung, beispielsweise einen Hämodialysator oder Hämofilter, und strömt von der Blutbehandlungseinrichtung über einen venösen Zweig des Leitungssystems zurück zum Patienten. Das Blut wird mittels einer Blutpumpe, insbesondere Rollenpumpe gefördert, die im arteriellen Zweig des Leitungssystems angeordnet ist. Dem Patienten kann während der extrakorporalen Behandlung Flüssigkeit entzogen werden (Ultrafiltration).While The extracorporeal blood treatment flows the patient's blood over you arterial branch of a hose line system in a blood treatment facility, for example a hemodialyzer or hemofilter, and flows from the blood treatment facility via a venous branch of the pipe system back to the patient. The blood is drawn using a blood pump, in particular Roller pump promoted that is arranged in the arterial branch of the conduit system. The patient can during liquid is withdrawn from extracorporeal treatment (ultrafiltration).
Eine der Hauptkomplikationen bei der extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung stellt ein akuter Blutdruckabfall (Hypotonie) dar, den ein zu hoher bzw. schneller Flüssigkeitsentzug hervorrufen kann.One of the main complications with the extracorporeal blood treatment represents an acute drop in blood pressure (hypotension) which is caused by excessive or rapid fluid withdrawal can.
Es gibt verschiedene Lösungen für dieses Problem. Zum einen sind Blutdruckmonitore bekannt, die eine Änderung des Blutdrucks kontinuierlich überwachen und die Ultrafiltration in Abhängigkeit von der Blutdruckänderung regeln. Zum anderen sind Blutvolumenmonitore bekannt, die das relative Blutvolumen während der Dialysebehandlung messen und eine Regelung der Ultrafiltration in Abhängigkeit vom relativen Blutvolumen vornehmen.There are different solutions for this Problem. For one, blood pressure monitors are known to make a change monitor blood pressure continuously and the ultrafiltration depending from the change in blood pressure regulate. On the other hand, blood volume monitors are known which measure the relative Blood volume during measuring dialysis treatment and regulating ultrafiltration dependent on of the relative blood volume.
Die
Aus der
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung zu schaffen, die ohne grösseren apparativen Aufwand die Bestimmung des Blutvolumens während einer extrakorporalen Blutbehandlung ermöglicht.The invention is based on the object to create a device that requires no major equipment the determination of blood volume during an extracorporeal Blood treatment allows.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgaben erfolgt erfindungsgemäss mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.These tasks are solved inventively with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the subclaims.
Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung beruht auf dem Generieren von Pulswellen in dem extrakorporalen Blutkreislauf, wobei die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit oder Laufzeit der sich im extrakorporalen Kreislauf ausbreitenden Pulswellen gemessen wird. Das Blutvolumen wird aus der gemessenen Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. Laufzeit der Pulswellen bestimmt.The device according to the invention is based on the generation of pulse waves in the extracorporeal blood circuit, where the speed of propagation or transit time of the extracorporeal circulating pulse waves is measured. The blood volume is measured from the rate of spread or the transit time of the pulse waves.
Das Blutvolumen kann aus der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit bzw. Laufzeit der Pulswellen bestimmt werden, weil bestimmte Blutbestandteile, z.B. Hämoglobin, Proteine etc. im extrakorporalen Blutkreislauf verbleiben, das Plasmawasser aber entfernt wird. Daher können Änderungen der Konzentration der Blutbestandteile zur Messung der Blutvolumenänderung herangezogen werden.Blood volume can be derived from the rate of spread or transit time of the pulse waves are determined because certain blood components, e.g. Hemoglobin, Proteins etc. remain in the extracorporeal bloodstream, the plasma water but is removed. Hence changes the concentration of blood components to measure the change in blood volume be used.
Wenn im Folgenden vom Blutvolumen
die Rede ist, wird darunter sowohl das absolute als auch relative
Blutvolumen verstanden. Das relative Blutvolumen zum Zeitpunkt t
ist definiert durch: wobei
V(0)
das Blutvolumen zum Zeitpunkt t = 0, d.h. zu Beginn der Dialysebehandlung,
und
V(t) das Blutvolumen zum Zeitpunkt t, d.h. im Verlauf der
Behandlung ist.If we talk about blood volume in the following, this means both absolute and relative blood volume. The relative blood volume at time t is defined by: in which
V (0) the blood volume at the time t = 0, ie at the beginning of the dialysis treatment, and
V (t) is the blood volume at time t, ie during the course of treatment.
Da die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung von der ohnehin in den bekannten Dialysemaschinen vorhandenen Druckmessung Gebrauch macht, ist der apparative Aufwand verhältnismässig gering. Für die Bestimmung des Blutvolumens ist lediglich eine entsprechende Ergänzung der Software für die Mikroprozessorsteuerung der Maschine erforderlich.Since the device according to the invention already exists in the known dialysis machines which pressure measurement makes use of, the outlay on equipment is relatively low. All that is required to determine the blood volume is a corresponding addition to the software for the microprocessor control of the machine.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit oder Laufzeit der Druckpulswellen im extrakorporalen Kreislauf gemessen, die von der Blutpumpe hervorgerufen werden, die im extrakorporalen Kreislauf der bekannten Hämodialysemaschinen angeordnet ist. Bei der Blutpumpe der bekannten Dialysemaschinen handelt es sich im allgemeinen um eine Rollenpumpe, die bei jeder Umdrehung des Pumpenrotors Druckpulse erzeugt.In a preferred embodiment becomes the speed of propagation or transit time of the pressure pulse waves measured in the extracorporeal circuit, which is caused by the blood pump be in the extracorporeal circuit of the known hemodialysis machines is arranged. In the blood pump of the known dialysis machines it is generally a roller pump that everyone Rotation of the pump rotor generates pressure pulses.
Die von der Blutpumpe generierten Pulswellen werden vorzugsweise mit einem Drucksensor detektiert, der bei den bekannten Dialysemaschinen im extrakorporalen Kreislauf angeordnet ist.The ones generated by the blood pump Pulse waves are preferably detected with a pressure sensor, that in the known dialysis machines in the extracorporeal circuit is arranged.
Zur Steigerung der Genauigkeit kann die Druckmessung vorteilhaft mit einem Drucksensor vorgenommen werden, der ohne Luftsäule in direktem Kontakt am Blutschlauch oder an einer davor vorgesehenen Druckmeßkammer angeordnet ist, durch die die Blutleitung verläuft.Can increase accuracy the pressure measurement can advantageously be carried out with a pressure sensor, the one without an air column in direct contact on the blood tube or on a pressure measurement chamber provided in front of it is arranged through which the blood line runs.
In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Blutpumpe im arteriellen Zweig der Blutleitung stromauf der Blutbehandlungseinrichtung und der Drucksensor zum Detektieren der Pulswellen stromab der Blutbehandlungseinrichtung im venösen Zweig der Blutleitung angeordnet. Damit ist die Strecke, über die die Laufzeit zu messen ist, der zwischen Blutpumpe und Drucksensor liegende Teil der Blutleitung.In a particularly preferred embodiment the blood pump is upstream in the arterial branch of the blood line the blood treatment device and the pressure sensor for detection the pulse waves downstream of the blood treatment device in the venous branch the blood line arranged. This is the distance over which the Running time is to be measured, the one between the blood pump and the pressure sensor Part of the blood line.
Wenn der Zeitpunkt, zu dem die Pulswellen von der Blutpumpe generiert werden, nicht bekannt ist, können die von der Blutpumpe generierten Pulswellen mit einem zweiten Drucksensor detektiert werden, der stromauf der Blutbehandlungseinrichtung im arteriellen Zweig der Blutleitung angeordnet ist. Der Zeitpunkt kann aber auch von der Stellung des Pumpenrotors abgeleitet werden, die beispielsweise mit einem Hallsensor erkannt wird. Der Hallsensor kann dabei einen mit dem Rotor sich drehenden Magneten aufweisen, dessen Magnetfeld periodisch eine an dem Stator befindliche Hall-Sonde durchdringt, an der ein entsprechendes elektrisches Spannungssignal abgegriffen werden kann.When the time when the pulse waves generated by the blood pump, is not known, the pulse waves generated by the blood pump with a second pressure sensor be detected in the upstream of the blood treatment device arterial branch of the blood line is arranged. The time can but can also be derived from the position of the pump rotor, which is detected with a Hall sensor, for example. The Hall sensor can have a magnet rotating with the rotor, whose magnetic field periodically is a Hall probe located on the stator penetrates at which a corresponding electrical voltage signal can be tapped.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform sieht die Bestimmung des relativen Blutvolumens aus dem Verhältnis der Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeiten oder Laufzeiten der Pulswellen zu zwei verschiedenen Zeitpunkten der Blutbehandlung, insbesondere zu Beginn und während des Verlaufs der Behandlung vor.Another embodiment sees the determination the relative blood volume from the ratio of the rates of spread or transit times of the pulse waves at two different times blood treatment, especially at the beginning and during the course of treatment in front.
Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Dialysemaschine mit einer Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des relativen Blutvolumens anhand der Zeichnungen näher erläutert.The following is an embodiment a dialysis machine with a device for determining the relative Blood volume explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Die Hämodialysevorrichtung weist
einen Dialysator
Bei der Blutpumpe
Eine üblicherweise vorhandene zweite
Bilanzkammer, die parallel und phasenverschoben zur ersten Bilanzkammer
betrieben wird, um einen nahezu konstanten Fluß zu gewährleisten, ist der Einfachheit
halber in
Die Hämodialysemaschine umfasst ferner
eine zentrale Steuereinheit
Während
der Hämodialysebehandlung
wird die Blutkammer von dem Blut des Patienten und die Dialysierflüssigkeitskammer
des Dialysators von der Dialysierflüssigkeit durchströmt. Da die
Bilanziereinrichtung
Die Hämodialysemaschine weist darüber hinaus eine Vorrichtung zur nichtinvasiven Bestimmung des relativen Blutvolumens während der Dialysebehandlung auf. Diese Vorrichtung macht von verschiedenen Komponenten der Hämodialysemaschine Gebrauch. Daher ist sie Teil der Dialysemaschine. Nachfolgend wird die Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des relativen Blutvolumens im Einzelnen beschrieben.The hemodialysis machine also points out a device for the non-invasive determination of the relative blood volume while of dialysis treatment. This device makes of various components the hemodialysis machine Use. It is therefore part of the dialysis machine. Below is the Device for determining the relative blood volume in detail described.
Die Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des
relativen Blutvolumens weist einen Drucksensor
Nachfolgend wird die Funktionsweise
der Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des relativen Blutvolumens RBV beschrieben.
Die Bestimmung des relativen Blutvolumens beruht auf der Messung
der Laufzeit der von der Blutpumpe
Der theoretische Zusammenhang zwischen
der Pulswellenlaufzeit und dem RBV wird wie folgt hergeleitet. In
einer inkompressiblen Flüssigkeit,
die sich in einem elastischen zylindrischen Rohr mit der Querschnittfläche A befindet,
wird die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit c einer longitudinalen Druckwelle
gegeben durch: wobei
c Pulswellengeschwindigkeit
ρ Dichte der
Flüssigkeit
dp
Druckänderung
dA
FlächenänderungThe theoretical relationship between the pulse wave transit time and the RBV is derived as follows. In an incompressible liquid, which is located in an elastic cylindrical tube with the cross-sectional area A, the velocity of propagation c is given by a longitudinal pressure wave by: in which
c pulse wave velocity
ρ density of the liquid
dp pressure change
dA area change
Bei der Dialysebehandlung beträgt die Laufzeit PTT („Pulse Transit Time") über den Teil des Blutsehlauchsystems (Messstrecke) mit der Gesamtlänge L zwischen dem vorzugsweise unmittelbar stromab der Blutpumpe angeordneten arteriellen Drucksensor bzw. der Blutpumpe und dem venösen Drucksensor:The duration of the dialysis treatment is PTT ("Pulse Transit Time ") via the Part of the blood tubing system (measuring section) with the total length L between which is preferably arranged immediately downstream of the blood pump arterial pressure sensor or the blood pump and the venous pressure sensor:
Aus Gleichung (3) ergibt sich:
wobei
PTT(t0) Laufzeit zum Zeitpunkt t0
PTT(t)
Taufzeit zum Zeitpunkt t From equation (3) we get:
in which
PTT (t 0 ) runtime at time t 0
PTT (t) baptism time at time t
Mit Gleichung (4) und (5) erhält man: Equations (4) and (5) give:
Hierbei bezeichnet K(P) das Verhältnis der Dehnungsgrösse des Schlauchs zum Zeitpunkt t und t0.Here, K (P) denotes the ratio of the amount of expansion of the hose at times t and t 0 .
Die Massendichte des Blutes ist mit
dem Verhältnis
des Massenanteils des Proteins und Wassers im Blut zum gesamten
Blutvolumen definiert durch:
wobei
ρ(t0) Massendichte des Blutes zum Zeitpunkt
t0
ρ(t)
Massendichte des Blutes zum Zeitpunkt t
V(t0)
Blutvolumen zum Zeitpunkt t0
V(t) Blutvolumen
zum Zeitpunkt t
mprotein(t0)
Masse der Proteine in V(t0) zum Zeitpunkt
t0
mprotein(t)
Masse der Proteine in V(t0) zum Zeitpunkt
t
mwater(t0)
Masse des Wassers in V(t0) zum Zeitpunkt
t0
mwater(t)
Masse des Wassers in V(t0) zum Zeitpunkt
t The mass density of the blood is defined by the ratio of the mass fraction of the protein and water in the blood to the total blood volume by: in which
ρ (t 0 ) mass density of blood at time t 0
ρ (t) mass density of blood at time t
V (t 0 ) blood volume at time t 0
V (t) blood volume at time t
m protein (t 0 ) mass of the proteins in V (t 0 ) at time t 0
m protein (t) mass of the proteins in V (t 0 ) at time t
m water (t 0 ) mass of water in V (t 0 ) at time t 0
m water (t) mass of water in V (t 0 ) at time t
Da die Membran eines Dialysators für den überwiegenden Teil der Blutproteine nicht durchlässig ist, bleibt der Blutpmteingehalt während der Hämodialyse annähernd konstant, d.h. mProtein(t) = mProtein(t0). Aus Gleichung (9), (10) und (1) ergibt sich: Since the membrane of a dialyzer is not permeable to the majority of the blood proteins, the blood protein content remains almost constant during hemodialysis, ie m protein (t) = m protein (t 0 ). From equations (9), (10) and (1) we get:
Mit mwater(t0) – mwater(t) = V(t0)·[1-RBV(t)]·ρw lässt sich Gleichung (11) in der Form schreiben, wobei ρw die Massendichte von Wasser bezeichnet.With m water (t 0 ) - m water (t) = V (t 0 ) · [1-RBV (t)] · ρ w , equation (11) can be formulated write, where ρ w denotes the mass density of water.
Mit Gleichung (7) und (12) erhält man Equations (7) and (12) give
Die Lösung dieser Gleichung lautetThe solution to this equation is
Wenn das Schlauchsystem elastisch ist und es innerhalb des Proportionalitätsbereichs (Elastizitätsbereich) bei der Behandlung bleibt, ist nach dem Hookeschen Gesetz K(P) = 1. Daraus ergibt sich: According to Hooke's law, if the hose system is elastic and remains within the range of proportionality (range of elasticity) during treatment, then K (P) = 1. This results in:
Gleichung (15) zeigt, dass das relative Blutvolumen RBV(t) eine Funktion des Verhältnisses der Laufzeiten und der Blutdichte zum Zeitpunkt t0 ist. Unter der Annahme, dass die Blutdichte vor der Dialysebehandlung für alle Patienten annähernd gleich ist, hängt RBV(t) nur vom Verhältnis der Laufzeiten ab. Wenn die Elastizität des Schlauchs allerdings vom Druck im Schlauch abhängt, insbesondere wenn ein nicht linearer Zusammenhang zwischen der Elastizität und dem Druck besteht, kann eine Kennkurve für K(P) verwendet werden.Equation (15) shows that the relative blood volume RBV (t) is a function of the ratio of the transit times and the blood density at time t 0 . Assuming that the blood density before dialysis treatment is approximately the same for all patients, RBV (t) depends only on the ratio of the transit times. If, however, the elasticity of the hose depends on the pressure in the hose, especially if there is a non-linear relationship between the elasticity and the pressure, a characteristic curve for K (P) can be used.
Zu Beginn der Dialysebehandlung bestimmt
die Auswerteinheit
Zur Bestimmung der Laufzeit PTT(t0) wird die Zeit gemessen, die eine Pulswelle
benötigt,
um vom arteriellen Drucksensor
Auch wenn die Messtrecke a' + b' + c' in
Während
der Dialysebehandlung bestimmt die Auswerteinheit
Unter der Annahme eines nicht linearer Zusammenhang zwischen der Elastizität und dem Druck, wird eine Kennkurve für K(p) im Speicher abgelegt. Dann erfolgt die Berechnung des relativen Blutvolumens nach Gleichung (14).Assuming a non-linear Relationship between the elasticity and the pressure becomes a Characteristic curve for K (p) stored in the memory. Then the relative is calculated Blood volume according to equation (14).
Eine alternative Ausführungsform
sieht nur einen venösen
Drucksensor
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10230413A DE10230413B4 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2002-07-06 | Device for determining the blood volume during extracorporeal blood treatment |
ES03732492T ES2402048T3 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2003-05-30 | Procedure and device to determine the relative blood volume during an extracorporeal blood treatment |
EP03732492A EP1519765B1 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2003-05-30 | Method and device for determining relative blood volume during an extracorporeal blood treatment |
JP2004518512A JP4309343B2 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2003-05-30 | Method and apparatus for determining blood volume during extracorporeal blood processing |
CNB038158302A CN100453127C (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2003-05-30 | Method and device for determining blood volume during an extracorporeal blood treatment |
PCT/EP2003/005657 WO2004004804A1 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2003-05-30 | Method and device for determining blood volume during an extracorporeal blood treatment |
AU2003238427A AU2003238427A1 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2003-05-30 | Method and device for determining blood volume during an extracorporeal blood treatment |
US10/520,484 US7341568B2 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2003-05-30 | Method and device for determining blood volume during an extracorporeal blood treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10230413A DE10230413B4 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2002-07-06 | Device for determining the blood volume during extracorporeal blood treatment |
Publications (2)
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DE10230413A1 DE10230413A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
DE10230413B4 true DE10230413B4 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
Family
ID=29796168
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DE10230413A Expired - Fee Related DE10230413B4 (en) | 2002-07-06 | 2002-07-06 | Device for determining the blood volume during extracorporeal blood treatment |
Country Status (8)
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---|---|
US (1) | US7341568B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1519765B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4309343B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100453127C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003238427A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10230413B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2402048T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004004804A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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DE102008010531A1 (en) * | 2008-02-22 | 2009-08-27 | Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland Gmbh | A method of operating a blood treatment device, and a blood volume monitor and blood treatment device for carrying out the method |
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-
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- 2003-05-30 JP JP2004518512A patent/JP4309343B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-30 ES ES03732492T patent/ES2402048T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-30 US US10/520,484 patent/US7341568B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-05-30 AU AU2003238427A patent/AU2003238427A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-30 EP EP03732492A patent/EP1519765B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-05-30 WO PCT/EP2003/005657 patent/WO2004004804A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-05-30 CN CNB038158302A patent/CN100453127C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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DE19746377C1 (en) * | 1997-10-21 | 1999-07-01 | Fresenius Medical Care De Gmbh | Blood treatment device with a device for continuous monitoring of the patient's blood pressure |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1519765A1 (en) | 2005-04-06 |
JP4309343B2 (en) | 2009-08-05 |
CN100453127C (en) | 2009-01-21 |
JP2005532099A (en) | 2005-10-27 |
AU2003238427A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
WO2004004804A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
US20060047193A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
DE10230413A1 (en) | 2004-01-29 |
ES2402048T3 (en) | 2013-04-26 |
EP1519765B1 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
US7341568B2 (en) | 2008-03-11 |
CN1665556A (en) | 2005-09-07 |
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Inventor name: ZHANG, WEI, DR., 97464 NIEDERWERRN, DE |
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Representative=s name: OPPERMANN, FRANK, DIPL.-ING., DE |
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R119 | Application deemed withdrawn, or ip right lapsed, due to non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20150203 |