KR101976831B1 - Personal immersion apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a personal immersion apparatus that is wearably provided on a wearer's head. The personal immersion apparatus according to the present invention comprises a display panel and a projection lens. The display panel has an active area in which the first pixel and the second pixel are arranged. The projection lens has a smaller area than the active area on the display panel and has a first lens part corresponding to the first pixel and a second lens part assigned corresponding to the second pixel. The first pixel and the second pixel each include a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic compound layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and emitting the same color. The distance between the first electrode and the second electrode in the first pixel is different from the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode in the second pixel.

Description

{PERSONAL IMMERSION APPARATUS}

The present invention relates to a personal immersion type device capable of realizing a virtual reality and an augmented reality.

Virtual reality and augmented reality technologies are applied to various fields such as defense, architecture, tourism, film, multimedia, and game.

Virtual reality is content that enables a user to feel as if they are interacting with a specific environment and situation using a virtual image. The augmented reality is a content that allows the user to simultaneously recognize the virtual object and the real object by mixing the virtual information by the virtual image and the actual information by the actual physical environment (or space). The virtual reality and the augmented reality can be classified according to whether the user can recognize the actual environment and the situation.

The personal immersion type device is a device that implements the above-described virtual reality or augmented reality, and can be provided to be worn on the head of a user. Personal immersion devices are being developed in various forms such as HMD (Head Mounted Display), FMD (Face Mounted Display), and EGD (Eye Glasses-type Display). The personal immersion type device can provide a realistic and realistic image by providing not only a 2D image but also a 3D image to the user.

The personal immersion type apparatus does not provide the image implemented in the display panel directly to the user's eyes but provides it through a predetermined optical system. Therefore, the personal immersion type apparatus further includes a separate structure such as a lens portion and a light guide portion for guiding the light from the display panel to the user's eyes.

Such a personal immersion type apparatus is configured to be worn on the head of the user, and therefore, in order to improve the usability, it is required to make the apparatus lighter and smaller. However, there is a limit to providing a personal immersion type apparatus that is light in weight and small in size due to the self weight of the lens unit and the light guide unit and the space required for securing them.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a personal immersion type apparatus which can minimize the light loss while reducing the size and weight of the apparatus.

The personal immersion apparatus according to the present invention comprises a display panel and a projection lens. The display panel has an active area in which the first pixel and the second pixel are arranged. The projection lens has a smaller area than the active area on the display panel and has a first lens part corresponding to the first pixel and a second lens part assigned corresponding to the second pixel. The first pixel and the second pixel each include a first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic compound layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and emitting the same color. The distance between the first electrode and the second electrode in the first pixel is different from the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode in the second pixel.

By reducing the size of the projection lens constituting the projection optical system according to the present invention, weight saving and miniaturization of the personal immersion type apparatus can be realized. Thereby, it is possible to provide a personal immersion type apparatus with improved usability. In addition, the present invention can provide a personal immersion type apparatus that minimizes light loss while realizing miniaturization and weight reduction of the device by setting the cavity structure of pixels differently according to the position.

1 is a perspective view and block diagram of a personal immersion apparatus according to the present invention.
2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the pixel structure of the display panel.
3 is a schematic view of an optical system of a personal immersion apparatus according to the present invention.
4 is a view for explaining the positional relationship between the projection lens and the display panel according to the comparative example.
5 and 6 are views for explaining the positional relationship between the projection lens and the display panel according to the present invention.
FIGS. 7 and 8 are views for explaining the relationship between the projection lens and the display panel according to the present invention.
9 is a simulation result for explaining the light distribution characteristic change according to the cavity thickness.
FIGS. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views schematically showing structures of a first pixel and a second pixel having different cavity thicknesses.
12 is a view for explaining the path of light incident on the projection lens.
13 is a sectional view for explaining a modified example of the cavity structure.
14 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between a projection lens and a display panel in a configuration including an organic compound layer that emits white light and a color filter.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals throughout the specification denote substantially identical components. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In the following description, a detailed description of known technologies or configurations related to the present invention will be omitted when it is determined that the gist of the present invention may be unnecessarily obscured. In describing the various embodiments, the same components are represented at the outset and may be omitted in other embodiments.

Terms including ordinals, such as first, second, etc., may be used to describe various elements, but the elements are not limited to these terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.

1 is a perspective view and block diagram of a personal immersion apparatus according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 1, a personal immersion apparatus 10 according to the present invention includes a frame 20 that is worn on a user's head. In the drawing, the case where the frame 20 has an approximately eyeglass shape is shown as an example, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The personal immersion apparatus 10 may further include a lens 30 coupled to the frame 20 and disposed corresponding to at least one of the user's eyes. When the personal immersion apparatus 10 implements the augmented reality, the user can recognize the actual physical environment (or space) through the lens 30. [

The personal immersion type apparatus 10 includes a system control section 40, a display driving section 50, a display panel 100, and a projection optical system. The system controller 40, the display driver 50, the display panel 100, and the projection optical system may be accommodated in an internal space provided in the frame 20. [

The system control unit 40 further includes an external device interface connected to a memory or an external video source, a user interface for receiving a user command, a power unit for generating power necessary for driving the personal immersion apparatus 10, and the like do. An external device interface, a user interface, a power supply, and the like are omitted from the drawings. The external device interface may be implemented by various known interface modules such as a universal serial bus (USB) and a high definition multimedia interface (HDMI). The system control unit 40 may be connected to the sensor 41, the camera 43, and the like.

The system control unit 40 can transmit the image data to the display driving unit 50 and control the display driving unit 50. The image data transmitted to the display driver 50 may include virtual reality data, augmented reality data, image data of an external real environment photographed by the camera 43, and image data received from an external video source. The virtual / augmented reality data may be transmitted to the display driving unit 50 as 2D or 3D format data. 3D format data is separated into left eye image data and right eye image data. The virtual reality image data may be received by the system control unit 40 from the memory module or an external video source through an external device interface. The virtual / augmented reality image data is image data independent of the external environment. The augmented reality data may include information obtained by the sensor 41 and the camera 43. [

The sensor 41 may include various sensors such as a gyro sensor, an acceleration sensor, and the like. The system control unit 40 can appropriately adjust the image data using the information obtained through the sensor 41. [ For example, when the user wearing the personal immersion apparatus 10 moves upward, downward, leftward and rightward, the system control unit 40 interlocks with the motion of the user, Can be adjusted. The camera 43 can photograph the external environment and transmit the image data to the system control unit 40. [ The system control unit 40 can appropriately adjust the image data using the information obtained through the camera 43. [

The display driver 50 writes the image data from the system controller 40 into the pixels of the display panel 100. The display panel 100 includes data lines to which data voltages are applied, gate lines (or scan lines) to which gate pulses (or scan pulses) are applied. The pixel may be defined by the intersection structure of the data lines and the gate lines, but is not limited thereto. Each of the pixels includes an organic light emitting diode (OLED) element.

The display driver 50 includes a data driver, a gate driver, and a timing controller. The data driver converts the data of the input image into a gamma compensation voltage to generate a data voltage, and outputs the data voltage to the data lines. The gate driver sequentially outputs a gate pulse synchronized with the data voltage to the gate lines. The timing controller transmits the data of the input image received from the system control unit 40 to the data driver. The timing controller receives the timing signals synchronized with the input image data from the system control unit 40, and controls the operation timing of the data driver and the gate driver based on the timing signals.

The personal immersion type apparatus 10 may further include an optical system driving unit 60 for controlling the light guide unit 300. The system controller 40 controls the optical system driver 60 according to a predetermined application program to enlarge or reduce the image provided to the naked eye, or to move, rotate, or shift the image. For example, when guiding the image light of the virtual / augmented reality provided by the display panel 100 with the naked eye, the optical system driving unit 60 shifts the position of the light in response to a predetermined signal from the system control unit 40 The lens unit 200 and / or the light guide unit 300 can be controlled.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the pixel structure of the display panel.

Referring to FIG. 2, a display panel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes pixels arranged in an active region. The pixels may include, but are not limited to, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) pixels.

The display panel includes a substrate SUB. A thin film transistor T and an organic light emitting diode OLE connected to the thin film transistor T are disposed on the substrate SUB. Neighboring pixels can be partitioned by the bank BN (or a pixel defining film), and the planar shape of each pixel PIX can be defined by the bank BN. Therefore, in order to form the pixels PIX having a predetermined plane shape, the position and shape of the bank BN can be appropriately selected.

The thin film transistor T may be implemented in various structures such as a bottom gate, a top gate, and a double gate structure. That is, the thin film transistor T may include a semiconductor layer, a gate electrode, and a source / drain electrode, and the semiconductor layer, the gate electrode, and the source / drain electrode may be disposed on different layers with at least one insulating layer therebetween .

At least one insulating film IL may be interposed between the thin film transistor T and the organic light emitting diode OLE. The insulating layer IL may include a planarization layer formed of an organic material such as photo acryl, polyimide, benzocyclobutene resin, or acrylate based resin. The planarization film can flatten the surface of the substrate SUB on which the thin film transistor T and the various signal wirings are formed. Although not shown, the insulating film may further include a silicon oxide film (SiOx), a silicon nitride film (SiNx), or a multi-layered protective film, and a protective film may be interposed between the planarized film and the thin film transistor T. The thin film transistor T and the organic light emitting diode OLE may be electrically connected through a pixel contact hole PH through one or more insulating films IL.

The organic light emitting diode OLE includes a first electrode E1 and a second electrode E2 opposed to each other and an organic compound layer OL interposed between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2 . The first electrode E1 may be an anode, and the second electrode may be a cathode.

The first electrode E1 may be a single layer or a multilayer. The first electrode E1 further includes a reflective layer to serve as a reflective electrode. The reflective layer may be made of aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), nickel (Ni) or an alloy thereof, preferably APC (silver / palladium / copper alloy). For example, the first electrode E1 may be formed of a triple layer made of ITO / Ag alloy / ITO. The first electrode E1 may be divided to correspond to each pixel, and may be allocated to each pixel.

On the substrate SUB on which the first electrode E1 is formed, a bank BN for partitioning neighboring pixels is located. The bank BN may be formed of an organic material such as polyimide, benzocyclobutene resin or acrylate resin. The bank BN includes openings for exposing most of the central portion of the first electrode E1. The portion of the first electrode E1 exposed by the bank BN may be defined as a light emitting region. The bank BN may be arranged to expose the center of the first electrode E1 and cover the side edge of the first electrode E1.

On the substrate SUB on which the banks BN are formed, the organic compound layer OL is formed. In each of the pixels, the organic compound layer OL of the corresponding color is located. That is, each of the pixels may include any one of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) organic compound layers OL. The organic compound layer OL includes an emission layer such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. And may further include at least one of common layers.

On the substrate SUB on which the organic compound layer OL is formed, the second electrode E2 is formed. The second electrode E2 may be formed of a thin opaque conductive material such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), or silver (Ag) to function as a transflective electrode. The second electrode E2 may be integrally extended on the substrate SUB to cover the pixels.

Each pixel of the display panel according to the present invention applies a micro-cavity using an optical resonator between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2. That is, in the present invention, the thickness (or thickness) between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2 (in other words, the thickness (or gap) between the reflective layer and the transflective layer, It is possible to change the emission spectrum and improve the light efficiency and the color recall ratio. Accordingly, the different pixels R, G, and B emitting different colors may have different cavity thicknesses L1, L2, and L3 to match the target wavelength.

3 is a schematic view of an optical system of a personal immersion apparatus according to the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 3, the personal immersion apparatus includes a projection optical system for providing the image light provided in the display panel to the user's eyes. The projection optical system includes a lens unit 200 and a light guide unit 300 and guides the image provided on the display panel to the user's eyes through a process such as appropriate switching or reflection.

The lens unit 200 directs the light provided from the display panel to the light guide unit 300. The lens unit 200 includes a projection lens 210 (FIG. 4). The projection lens can collimate (or focus) the light provided from the display panel and project it onto the light guide unit 300. The lens unit 200 may be composed of a single lens or a combination of a plurality of lenses.

The light guide unit 300 guides the light incident from the lens unit 200 and emits the light in the direction of the user's eyes. For example, the light guide unit 300 may include a first reflector 310, a light guide 320, and a second reflector 330. The first reflecting portion 310 reflects the light provided from the lens portion 200 and guides the light to the light guiding portion 320. The light guiding part 320 guides the light provided from the lens part 200 to the second reflecting part 330. The light incident on the light guiding portion 320 travels toward the second reflecting portion 330 through total internal reflection in the light guiding portion 320. The second reflector 330 reflects the light traveling through the light guide 320 through the total reflection and emits the light toward the user's eyes.

4 is a view for explaining the positional relationship between the projection lens and the display panel according to the comparative example. 5 and 6 are views for explaining the positional relationship between the projection lens and the display panel according to the present invention.

 4, the projection lens 210 is arranged to face the display panel 100 in correspondence with the active area AA of the display panel 100. As shown in FIG. The projection lens 210 is disposed in a direction in which light emitted from the display panel 100 is directed. The projection lens 210 may have an area corresponding to the active area AA of the display panel 100. [ In this case, the projection lens 210 can easily accommodate the light emitted from each of the pixels arranged in the active area AA. That is, when the area of the projection lens 210 is set to be substantially equal to the area of the active area AA, a sufficient facing area can be ensured, so that the light emitted from the pixels in the active area AA in the directing direction Most of the light can be incident on the projection lens 210.

Since the personal immersion type apparatus is configured to be worn on the head of a user, it is required to reduce the weight and size of the apparatus in order to improve the usability. To reduce the size of the display panel 100, it is necessary to fix the size of the display panel 100 to a predetermined size in consideration of efficiency and resolution. Therefore, , There is a limitation in reducing the size of the display panel 100 for miniaturization.

Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, the embodiment of the present invention reduces the size of the projection lens 210 constituting the optical system in order to realize weight reduction and miniaturization of the personal immersion type apparatus. That is, the projection lens 210 according to the embodiment of the present invention is provided to have a narrow area with respect to the active area AA. Accordingly, the opposed area between the projection lens 210 and the active area AA is narrower than the structure shown in FIG.

A region overlapping with the projection lens 210 in the active area AA may be defined as a valid area EA and a non-overlapping area may be defined as an ineffective area IEA. Although the figure shows that the effective area EA is defined in correspondence with the center of the active area AA, it is not limited thereto. If necessary, the effective area EA can be defined to be deviated in either direction of the active area AA.

When the area of the projection lens 210 is reduced as in the embodiment of the present invention, an ineffective area IEA is generated. Most of the light emitted from the pixels disposed in the ineffective area IEA is not incident on the projection lens 210 but escapes to the outside. Therefore, in the case of a general pixel structure, light loss in the ineffective area IEA is inevitable.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention proposes a novel structure capable of significantly reducing the optical loss while reducing the size of the projection lens 210 constituting the optical system in order to achieve weight reduction and miniaturization of the personal immersion type apparatus.

FIGS. 7 and 8 are views for explaining the relationship between the projection lens and the display panel according to the present invention. 9 is a simulation result for explaining the light distribution characteristic change according to the cavity thickness.

The active area AA of the display panel 100 can be defined by being divided into A, B and C areas RA and the projection lens 210 can be defined by areas A, B and C of the active area AA, A ', B', and C 'regions (CA', LA ', and RA') allocated to correspond to the regions LA, RA and RA. The first pixel PIX1, the second pixel PIX2 and the third pixel PIX3 described below are pixels arranged in the A region CA, the B region LA and the C region RA, respectively, These are the pixels that blast the same color.

Referring to FIG. 7, a part of the light provided from the pixel PIX disposed in the A region CA is directed to the A 'region CA' of the projection lens 210. Light traveling from the first pixel PIX1 having the predetermined pitch P1 toward the projection lens 210 is allocated in correspondence with the first pixel PIX1 and has a predetermined pitch P1 ' To the first lens portion LP1 having the first lens portion LP1. Since the area of the projection lens 210 is narrower than the area of the active area AA, the pitch P1 'of the first lens portion LP1 is narrower than the pitch P1 of the first pixel PIX1. That is, the directing direction of the light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 can be controlled. For example, the direction of the light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 may be the front direction. Accordingly, the light emitted from the pixel adjacent to the first pixel PIX1 is not incident on the first lens portion LP1, so that color mixture defects do not occur.

The B area LA may be an area defined on the left side of the A area CA. Some of the light provided from the pixel PIX disposed in the B area LA is directed to the B 'area LA' of the projection lens 210. [ The light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 having the predetermined pitch P2 and directed toward the projection lens 210 is allocated corresponding to the second pixel PIX2 and the predetermined pitch P2 ' 1 in the second lens portion LP2 having the second lens portion LP2. Since the area of the projection lens 210 is narrower than the area of the active area AA, the pitch P2 'of the second lens portion LP2 is narrower than the pitch P2 of the second pixel PIX2. That is, the directing direction of the light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 can be controlled. For example, the direction of the light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 may be a direction tilted to the right by a predetermined angle? 1 from the front direction. Accordingly, the light emitted from the pixel adjacent to the second pixel PIX2 is not incident on the second lens portion LP2, so that color mixture defects do not occur.

The C region RA may be a region defined on the right side of the A region CA. Some of the light provided from the pixels PIX arranged in the C region RA is directed to the C 'region RA' of the projection lens 210. [ The light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 having the predetermined pitch P3 and directed toward the projection lens 210 is allocated corresponding to the third pixel PIX3 and the predetermined pitch P3 ' 1 to the third lens portion LP3 having the first lens portion LP3. Since the area of the projection lens 210 is narrower than the area of the active area AA, the pitch P3 'of the third lens portion LP3 is narrower than the pitch P3 of the third pixel PIX3. That is, the direction of the light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 can be controlled. For example, the directing direction of the light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 may be a direction tilted to the left by a predetermined angle [theta] 2 from the front direction. Accordingly, the light emitted from the pixel adjacent to the third pixel PIX3 is not incident on the third lens portion LP3, so that color mixture failure does not occur.

Referring to Fig. 8, the present invention can control the amount of light emitted from the pixel PIX and directed in the directing direction, by setting the cavity thickness to be different. That is, the present invention applies differently the cavity thickness of the pixels PIX corresponding to the distance from the center line CL, thereby increasing the amount of light directed in the directing direction for each pixel PIX. Here, the center line CL means an imaginary line crossing the center of the projection lens 210 and the center of the active area AA. In other words, in the present invention, the cavity thickness applied to each pixel PIX may be set differently depending on the position, and the cavity thickness of each pixel PIX may be set to a thickness having a light distribution characteristic in which the light amount in the direction .

9, the cavity structure of the first pixel PIX1 may be set to a cavity thickness having a maximum amount of light traveling in the front direction. In this case, the cavity structure of the first pixel PIX1 may have the light distribution characteristics as shown in the blue display portion of FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B. Light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 and directed toward the front side is incident on the projection lens 210 and is guided by the user's eyes through the projection optical system.

The cavity structure of the second pixel PIX2 may be set to a cavity thickness having a maximum amount of light traveling in a tilted direction by a predetermined angle [theta] 1 (set to +55 [deg.] In the experiment) from the front direction. In this case, the cavity structure of the second pixel PIX2 may have the light distribution characteristics as shown in the red display portion of FIG. 9 (a) and FIG. 9 (c). As can be seen from the light distribution characteristics, the light emitted from the pixel PIX has a component inclined at (+) angle (tilt rightward) from the front direction and a component tilted at (-) angle (leftward tilt) from the front direction Inclined component. The light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 and directed in the (+) angularly tilted direction is incident on the projection lens 210, and guided to the user's eyes via the projection optical system. Among the light emitted from the second pixel PIX2, the light contributing to the image implementation is light directed in the (+) angle tilted direction.

The cavity structure of the third pixel PIX3 may be set to a cavity thickness having a maximum amount of light traveling in the tilted direction by a predetermined angle 2 (set to -55 in the experiment) from the front direction. In this case, the cavity structure of the third pixel PIX3 may have the light distribution characteristics as shown in the red display portion of FIG. 9A and FIG. 9C. As can be seen from the light distribution characteristics, the light emitted from the pixel PIX has a component inclined at (+) angle (tilt rightward) from the front direction and a component tilted at (-) angle (leftward tilt) from the front direction Inclined component. The light emitted in the (-) angled and tilted direction emitted from the third pixel PIX3 is incident on the projection lens 210, and is guided to the user's eyes via the projection optical system. Among the light emitted in the third pixel PIX3, the light contributing to the image realization is light directed in the negative tilt direction.

As can be seen from the simulation results, when the cavity thickness is set differently for each pixel PIX, the light distribution characteristic is changed for each pixel PIX. Therefore, in the present invention, when it is necessary to set the direction of the target pixel PIX to the front direction, the output light can be collected in the front direction by applying the predetermined cavity thickness, It is possible to collect light in a tilted direction by applying a predetermined cavity thickness. Accordingly, the preferred embodiment of the present invention has the advantage that the size of the projection lens 210 can be reduced to lighten and miniaturize the personal immersion type device, and the light to be lost can be remarkably reduced.

FIGS. 10 and 11 are cross-sectional views schematically showing structures of a first pixel and a second pixel having different cavity thicknesses. 12 is a view for explaining the path of light incident on the projection lens. 13 is a sectional view for explaining a modified example of the cavity structure.

10 and 11, the first pixel PIX1 of the A region CA and the second pixel PIX2 of the B region LA (or the third pixel PIX3 of the C region RA) Each includes a thin film transistor T disposed on a substrate SUB and an organic light emitting diode OLE connected to the thin film transistor T. [ An insulating film IL is interposed between the thin film transistor T and the organic light emitting diode OLE. The first pixel PIX1 and the second pixel PIX2 are pixels that emit light of the same color.

The organic light emitting diode OLE includes a first electrode E1, a second electrode E2 and an organic compound layer OL interposed between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2. A cavity structure is applied to the organic light emitting diode (OLE) of the first pixel PIX1 and the second pixel PIX2. The first electrode E1 of the organic light emitting diode OLE may function as a reflective electrode and the second electrode E2 may function as a transflective electrode. The micro-cavity effect occurs due to the constructive interference of light between the first electrode (E1) and the second electrode (E2). In the first pixel PIX1 and the second pixel PIX2, the cavity thicknesses L1 'and L1' 'are different. That is, the cavity thickness L1 '' of the second pixel PIX2 to the cavity thickness L1 'of the first pixel PIX1 is selected in consideration of the light distribution characteristics. The difference between the cavity thicknesses L1 'and L1' 'of the first pixel PIX1 and the second pixel PIX2 can be set within the range of 5 to 50 nm, but is not limited thereto.

More specifically, the cavity thickness can be determined using Equation 1 below. When there are two mirrors, a resonance phenomenon occurs in a standing wave condition corresponding to the interval between mirrors, and this is called Fabry Perot cavity. The organic light-emitting diode with two mirrors satisfies the Fabry-Perot interference condition in the medium. In summary, the following equation 1 can be derived.

[Equation 1]

L is the cavity thickness. is an angle that is tilted from the front direction to the directing direction. lambda is the central wavelength of the luminescence spectrum. k is a wave vector in the medium, k = nω / c or k = 2π / λ. Where? Is the pulsation and n is the refractive index. m is 1,2,3 ... And is the number of cavities in the medium.

For example, assuming that the center wavelength of the emission spectrum is 460 nm, the required reference cavity thickness L1 'may be determined to be 230 nm when the directivity direction is the front direction (θ = 0 °). In this case, m, the number of cavities in the medium, can be assumed to be 1, and the efficiency of the organic light emitting diode increases as the number of cavities decreases.

In the same condition, in order to set the directing direction to 28.7 ° tilted from the front direction (θ = 28.7 °), the adjusted cavity thickness (L1``) needs to be determined to be approximately 252 nm. This means that by setting the cavity thickness L " to be about 22 nm thicker than the reference cavity thickness L1 ', it is possible to increase the amount of light directed in the tilted direction by 28.7 ° from the front direction.

Referring to FIG. 12, light emitted from the organic compound layer OL passes through at least one medium having a different refractive index, and enters the projection lens 201. For example, since the air layer AIR is provided between the display panel 100 and the projection lens 201, the light emitted from the organic compound layer OL is transmitted through the interface between the mediums having different refractive indexes n1 and n2 / RTI > Therefore, in order for the light emitted from the organic compound layer OL to be accurately incident on the predetermined position of the projection lens 201, it is necessary to consider the refractive indices n1 and n2 of the mediums located in the optical path. That is, the direction of the light can be adjusted using Snell's law of Equation (2).

&Quot; (2) "

Referring to FIG. 13, the thickness L of the cavity can be adjusted in various ways. For example, the thickness L of the cavity can be controlled by varying the thickness of the organic compound layer OL interposed between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2. The organic compound layer OL may be a common layer such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer. Layer, where the thickness L of the cavity can be adjusted by varying the thickness of either one of them.

As another example, the first electrode E1 may have a laminated structure in which a plurality of layers including a reflective layer are stacked. The cavity thickness L may be adjusted by further adding a dielectric layer AL over the reflective layer RE opposite to the second electrode E2. For example, the first electrode E1 may have a laminated structure such as an upper transparent conductive layer TE1 / a reflective layer RE / a lower transparent conductive layer TE2, Can be adjusted by further arranging a dielectric layer (AL) between the transparent conductive layer (TE1) and the reflective layer (RE). The thickness L of the cavity may be controlled by the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer AL and may be controlled by the thickness of the dielectric layer AL. The upper transparent conductive layer TE1 and the lower transparent conductive layer TE2 may be ITO, but are not limited thereto. The reflective layer RE may be an Ag alloy, but is not limited thereto.

In the above description, the display panel 100 includes the organic compound layers OL emitting red (R), green (G), and blue (B) in order to realize full color. However, It is not. For example, the display panel 100 includes an organic compound layer OL that emits white light W and a color filter OL of red (R), blue (B), and green (G) filter. In this case, the white (W) light emitted from the organic light emitting layer OL is divided into red (R), green (G), and blue (B) colors respectively provided in regions corresponding to the red (R), green It is possible to realize red (R), green (G) and blue (B) by passing through a blue (B) color filter.

Although not shown, the organic compound layer OL emitting white light W may have a multi-stack structure such as a two stack structure. 2 stack structure includes a charge generation layer disposed between the first electrode E1 and the second electrode E2 and a charge generation layer disposed between the charge generation layer and the charge generation layer, 1 stack and a second stack. Each of the first stack and the second stack includes an emission layer and includes a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer And a common layer such as a common layer. The light emitting layer of the first stack and the light emitting layer of the second stack may include light emitting materials of different colors. Either the light emitting layer of the first stack or the light emitting layer of the second stack may include a blue light emitting material, and the other may include a yellow light emitting material, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

14 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between a projection lens and a display panel in a configuration including an organic compound layer that emits white light and a color filter.

Referring to FIG. 14, some of the light provided from the pixel PIX disposed in the area A is directed to the area A 'of the projection lens 210. Light traveling from the first pixel PIX1 having the predetermined pitch P1 toward the projection lens 210 is allocated in correspondence with the first pixel PIX1 and has a predetermined pitch P1 ' To the first lens portion LP1 having the first lens portion LP1. That is, the directing direction of the light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 can be controlled. For example, the directing direction of the light emitted from the first pixel PIX1 may be the front direction. Accordingly, the light emitted from the pixel PIX adjacent to the first pixel PIX1 is incident on the first lens portion LP1 via the corresponding color filter CF1.

The B area LA may be an area defined on the left side of the A area CA. Some of the light provided from the pixel PIX disposed in the B area LA is directed to the B 'area LA' of the projection lens 210. [ The light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 having the predetermined pitch P2 and directed toward the projection lens 210 is allocated corresponding to the second pixel PIX2 and the predetermined pitch P2 ' 1 in the second lens portion LP2 having the second lens portion LP2. That is, the directing direction of the light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 can be controlled. For example, the direction of the light emitted from the second pixel PIX2 may be a direction tilted to the right by a predetermined angle? 1 from the front direction. Accordingly, the light emitted from the pixel PIX adjacent to the second pixel PIX2 is incident on the second lens portion LP2 via the corresponding color filter CF2. Since the organic light emitting diode of the second pixel PIX2 and the color filter CF2 are arranged very close to each other, it is not necessary to shift the color filter CF2 to the right in consideration of the direction of the light emitted from the organic light emitting diode.

The C region RA may be a region defined on the right side of the A region CA. Some of the light provided from the pixels PIX arranged in the C region RA is directed to the C 'region RA' of the projection lens 210. [ The light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 having the predetermined pitch P3 and directed toward the projection lens 210 is allocated corresponding to the third pixel PIX3 and the predetermined pitch P3 ' 1 to the third lens portion LP3 having the first lens portion LP3. That is, the direction of the light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 can be controlled. For example, the directing direction of the light emitted from the third pixel PIX3 may be a direction tilted to the left by a predetermined angle [theta] 2 from the front direction. Thus, the light emitted from the pixel PIX adjacent to the third pixel PIX3 is incident on the third lens portion LP3 via the corresponding color filter CF3. Since the organic light emitting diode of the third pixel PIX3 and the color filter CF3 are arranged very close to each other, it is not necessary to shift the color filter CF3 leftward in consideration of the direction of the light emitted from the organic light emitting diode.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pixels emitting the first color may have different cavity thicknesses depending on positions, but not limited thereto, in consideration of the directing direction and the light distribution characteristic. That is, the pixels emitting the first color may be divided into a plurality of groups including two or more adjacent pixels. At this time, the pixels arranged in one group have the same cavity thickness, pixels arranged in different groups, for example, pixels arranged in the first group and pixels arranged in the second group can have different cavity thicknesses have.

The pixels emitting the second color may have different cavity thicknesses depending on the position, but are not limited thereto, in consideration of the directing direction and the light distribution characteristic. That is, the pixels emitting the second color may be divided into a plurality of groups including two or more adjacent pixels. At this time, the pixels arranged in one group have the same cavity thickness, pixels arranged in different groups, for example, pixels arranged in the first group and pixels arranged in the second group can have different cavity thicknesses have.

The pixels emitting the third color may have different cavity thicknesses depending on the position, but the present invention is not limited thereto in consideration of the directivity and light distribution characteristics. That is, the pixels emitting the third color may be divided into a plurality of groups including two or more adjacent pixels. At this time, the pixels arranged in one group have the same cavity thickness, pixels arranged in different groups, for example, pixels arranged in the first group and pixels arranged in the second group can have different cavity thicknesses have.

The preferred embodiment of the present invention can reduce the size and weight of the personal immersion type apparatus by reducing the size of the projection lens constituting the projection optical system. Thereby, it is possible to provide a personal immersion type apparatus with improved usability. In addition, the present invention can provide a personal immersion type apparatus that minimizes light loss while realizing miniaturization and weight reduction of the device by setting the cavity structure of pixels differently according to the position.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention should not be limited to the contents described in the detailed description of the specification, but should be defined by the claims.

10: personal immersion apparatus 100: display panel
200: lens unit 201: projection lens
300: light guide portion

Claims (16)

A personal immersion type apparatus worn on a head of a user,
A display panel having an active area in which a first pixel and a second pixel are arranged; And
And a projection lens having a smaller area than the active area on the display panel and having a first lens part assigned corresponding to the first pixel and a second lens part assigned corresponding to the second pixel,
Wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are < RTI ID = 0.0 >
And an organic compound layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and emitting the same color,
Wherein a distance between the first electrode and the second electrode in the first pixel,
The second electrode being different from the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode in the second pixel,
The active region may include:
An effective area overlapping the projection lens, and a non-effective area superimposed on the projection lens,
Wherein the first pixel is arranged in the effective area,
And wherein the second pixel is disposed in the ineffective area.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the light distribution characteristic of the first pixel is expressed by:
Wherein the light distribution characteristic of the second pixel is different from the light distribution characteristic of the second pixel.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the first pixel comprises:
The light amount progressing in the front direction has a light distribution characteristic having a maximum value,
Wherein the second pixel comprises:
Wherein the amount of light traveling in a tilted direction by a predetermined angle from a front direction has a light distribution characteristic having a maximum value.
delete The method according to claim 1,
The effective area may include:
Is defined at the center of the active area or is biased toward one side.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the display panel further comprises a color filter,
And light emitted from the organic compound layer is incident on the projection lens via the color filter.
The method according to claim 1,
In the display panel,
A first group including a plurality of the first pixels; And
And a second group including a plurality of the second pixels,
Wherein the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode of the first pixels in the first group is the same and the second pixels in the second group have the same cavity thickness.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the organic compound layer comprises
A light emitting layer; And
A common layer of at least one of a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer,
Wherein the common layer of the first pixel and the common layer of the second pixel are different in thickness.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first electrode comprises:
A reflective layer, and a transparent conductive layer disposed on the reflective layer,
Wherein one of the first pixel and the second pixel comprises:
Further comprising a dielectric layer disposed between the reflective layer and the transparent conductive layer.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first electrode comprises:
A reflective layer, and a transparent conductive layer disposed on the reflective layer,
Wherein the first pixel and the second pixel are < RTI ID = 0.0 >
And a dielectric layer disposed between the reflective layer and the transparent conductive layer,
Wherein the dielectric layer of the first pixel and the dielectric layer of the second pixel have different thicknesses.
The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the first electrode is a reflective electrode and the second electrode is a transflective electrode.
The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising a light guide portion for guiding the light provided from the projection lens to the user's eyes.
A personal immersion type apparatus worn on a head of a user,
A display panel having an active area in which pixels are arranged; And
And a projection lens through which light from the pixels is incident,
The first pixel and the second pixel emitting the same color among the pixels have different cavity thicknesses,
The active region may include:
An effective area overlapping the projection lens, and a non-effective area superimposed on the projection lens,
Wherein the first pixel is arranged in the effective area,
Wherein the second pixel is disposed in the ineffective area,
The pixels may be,
A first electrode, a second electrode, and an organic compound layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode,
The cavity thickness,
Wherein the gap is the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode.
14. The method of claim 13,
Wherein the projection lens comprises:
And a first lens portion assigned corresponding to the first pixel,
Wherein the pitch of the first lens portion
Wherein the pitch of the first pixel is smaller than the pitch of the first pixel. delete The method according to claim 1 or 13,
The first pixel and the second pixel,
A personal immersion device, wherein the pixel is a separate pixel that is driven separately by different signals.

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