KR102087795B1 - Thermally influenced changeable tint device - Google Patents

Abstract

A device is provided. The device includes a base ophthalmic optic, a variable tint element disposed over the base ophthalmic element, and a transparent heating element adapted to heat the variable tint element. The transparent heating element is preferably adapted to heat the entire area of the variable tint element.

Description

Variable Tint Device Affected by Heat {THERMALLY INFLUENCED CHANGEABLE TINT DEVICE}

Although 40 years have passed since photochromic commercialization, the state of the art in photochromic glasses of the prior art still has many serious constraints that are not adequately met. The problem is that in the case of a sufficiently transparent form indoors, it is not dark enough outdoors and the switching time of darkening is too slow outdoors and too slow when switching to a clear state indoors. In addition, when in an outdoor high temperature environment, the darkening effect is reduced. It is well known that the higher the ambient temperature environment, the lower the photochromic absorption and / or blocking effect.

In addition, the photochromic that causes the windshield of a vehicle or other vehicle to filter out the ultraviolet wavelengths of light does not convert to a sufficiently dark state behind the windshield. Photochromic glasses are known to absorb UV light and in some cases to absorb that of long wavelength blue light.

There has always been a limited performance balance by photochromatic optics and / or lenses. The balance is that the faster the conversion of darkening outdoors, the more sensitive the photochromic optics and / or lenses are to outdoor heat or high temperatures (this is exacerbated by the sun's radiation), resulting in photochromic optics. And / or limit the degree of darkening of the lens and the rate at which it can be darkened. This is due to the softening of the lens material once the lenses are heated to a certain darkening level by the high temperature of the outdoors and the photochromic or photochromic agents reaching the maximum darkening point where they begin to bleach. Embodiments disclosed herein solve this long performance limitation issue of photochromic optics or lenses.

Although consumers buy photochromic glasses, the share of photochromic in the US eyewear market has remained almost unchanged and has remained at around 15% to 20% over the past 30 years. This is due to both the increased cost of these photochromic glasses and also the serious limitations discussed above. In addition, in Europe, there has been a consumer resistance to photochromic lenses due to the sharpening time of the tint when entering from outdoors to indoors.

In addition, other electronic variable tint devices are also lagging behind in commercial success and adoption. Although variable tint liquid crystal devices have had limited commercial success due to the amount of power needed to drive the device over a period of time, the ability to mold these devices after assembly is also lacking. This is due to the fact that most, if not all, of the variable tint liquid crystal devices are not electrically bistable, and furthermore, once customized after assembly, they experience liquid crystal leakage and performance compromises. Finally, changeable tint electro-chromic devices have proven difficult to define in terms of acceptable performance contrast / dynamic range, ultrafast switch time and power usage. Therefore, the low power requirements needed to drive the device, the speed of switching from one color state (transmission of light # 1) to another color state (transmission of light # 2) and back to the original state (transmission of light # 1) There is a need for means for improving the variable tint device to provide an improvement.

In one embodiment, a device is provided. The device includes a base ophthalmic optic, a variable tint element disposed over the base ophthalmic element, and a transparent heating element adapted to heat the variable tint element. The transparent heating element is preferably adapted to heat the entire area of the variable tint element. The term ophthalmic optics includes spectacle lenses, contact lenses, intraocular lenses, corneal implants, corneal onlays, corneal inlays, intraocular telescopes. One device may be that of a lens, an element or optic that transmits light, and / or any device that houses the lens or optic itself. Embodiments with non-ophthalmic optics are also provided.

In one embodiment, the device is eyewear. Eyewear includes a thermal management system. Thermal management system includes: transparent heating element; sensor; A controller electrically connected to the sensor, wherein the controller is adapted to detect an input from the sensor and to control the transparent heating element based on the input from the sensor; And an energy source electrically connected to the transparent heating element.

In one embodiment, the variable tint element is photochromic.

In one embodiment, the sensor is a light detector.

In one embodiment, the sensor is an optical sensor.

In one embodiment, the sensor is a thermal sensor.

In one embodiment, the device further comprises a timer.

In one embodiment, the controller turns the heating element on and off. The timer may be in communication with the controller to turn on the heating element for a period of time.

In one embodiment, the variable tint element comprises a polymer layer. The heater allows the temperature of the polymer layer to rise for a period of time above the glass transition temperature of the polymer and then allows the temperature of the polymer layer to decrease below the glass transition temperature of the polymer layer.

In one embodiment, the sensor is a thermal sensor. The thermal sensor communicates with the controller to turn the heating element on or off.

In one embodiment, the sensor is a thermal sensor. The thermal sensor communicates with the controller to raise or lower the heat of the heating element.

In one embodiment, the sensor is a thermal sensor and the device does not include a light detector.

In one embodiment, the variable tint element comprises a layer of material that is photochromic.

In one embodiment, the heating element can heat the polymer layer above its glass transition temperature.

In one embodiment, the optic is made of glass.

In one embodiment, the optic is made of plastic.

In one embodiment, the optic consists of a composite material.

In one embodiment, the optic is a window.

In one embodiment, the optic is that of a windshield.

In one embodiment, the optic is an ophthalmic lens.

In one embodiment, the optic is a spectacle lens.

In one embodiment, the optic is an electronic lens.

In one embodiment, the optic is an intraocular lens.

In one embodiment, the optic is a contact lens.

In one embodiment, the thermal management system includes: a sensor, a timer and a transparent heating element.

In one embodiment, the polymer comprises a material having a glass transition temperature between 30C and 140C.

In one embodiment, the optic comprises a material having a glass transition temperature between 30C and 140C.

In one embodiment, the heating element is adapted to provide a temperature rise of 1C-25C for the variable tint element.

In one embodiment, the heating element is adapted to provide a temperature rise of 1C to 25C for the photochromic agent.

In one embodiment, the timer turns off the heater after a period of time in the range of 1 millisecond to 5 minutes if the thermal sensor detects a temperature rise in the range of 1C to 25C of the optic or layer comprising the photochromic agent. .

In one embodiment, if the heating element provides a temperature rise within the range of 1C to 25C of the variable tint element, the controller turns off the heating element.

In one embodiment, the sensor is a UV sensor, and the controller turns on the heating element when the UV sensor detects a change in blue light transmission of 5% to 30% of UV light or long wavelengths.

In one embodiment, the UV sensor is located on one side of the variable tint element closest to the UV light source. This means that the sensor is closer to the UV source than the photochromic so that the photochromic does not block the UV sensor. It does not mean that the sensor is placed directly above the photochromic.

In one embodiment, the thermal management system includes a switch. By way of non-limiting example, the switch may be one of the following: manual switch, touch switch, capacitor switch, optical switch.

In one embodiment, the optics comprise a first photochromic layer and a second photochromic layer, wherein the first photochromatic layer is closer to the user's eye than the second photochromatic layer. The second photochromatic layer may be more photoreactive than the first photochromatic layer. Alternatively, the first photochromatic layer may be more photoreactive than the second photochromatic layer.

In one embodiment, the sensor may be located closer to the user's eye than the variable tint element.

In one embodiment, the sensor may be located farther in the eye of the user than the variable tint element.

In one embodiment, the sensor is located between the first and second photochromatic layers.

In one embodiment, the transparent heating element is located between the first and second photochromatic layers.

In one embodiment, the optic includes a heating element on the front side of the optic and is located close to the first photochromic layer. By "close to" it is meant that the intermediate layer may be present as long as the intermediate layer does not significantly reduce the heat transfer from the heating element to the first photochromic layer, but the heating element is preferably adjacent to the first photochromic layer. do.

In one embodiment, the optical sensor communicates directly or indirectly with the heating element to turn on or turn off the heating element in response to the light detected by the optical sensor.

In one embodiment, the controller causes the heating element to cycle on and off for at least two cycles over a period of time.

In one embodiment, the timer causes the heating element to cycle on and off for at least two cycles over a period of time.

In one embodiment, the device further comprises a SiO 2 layer covering the transparent heating element. The SiO 2 layer preferably has a thickness between 2 microns and 20 microns.

In one embodiment, the energy source is one of the following: rechargeable battery, non-rechargeable battery, solar cell, fuel cell, and kinetic energy source.

In one embodiment, the photochromic variable tint element comprises a photochromic agent that contributes to the gray tint, and the device will be 20% dark permeable outdoors at an ambient temperature of 100 ° F. and indoors at a room ambient temperature of 70 ° F. When within 2 minutes a clearing transmission of 85% is achieved.

In one embodiment, the photochromic variable tint element comprises a photochromic agent that contributes to the gray tint, and the device may be 30% dark permeable outdoors at an ambient temperature of 95 ° F and indoors at an ambient temperature of 70 ° F. When within 2 minutes a clearing transmission of 85% is achieved.

In one embodiment, the device further comprises a standalone electronics module. The module may be external to the spectacle frame or attached to the spectacle frame. The module may be embedded in the spectacle frame. The module is preferably moisture resistant.

In one embodiment, the device comprises a thermally switchable polarizer or layer.

In one embodiment, the thermal management system includes an electronic coolant.

In one embodiment, the device includes a polymer layer having a thickness of 1.5 mm at 1 micron. The polymer layer preferably comprises a variable tint element.

In one embodiment, a method of applying a thermal management system is provided.

That way:

a) providing a photochromic lens comprising the light output required by the wearer;

b) edge processing the photochromic lens into the shape of a spectacle frame;

c) applying a thermal management system comprising a heating element to the lens;

d) applying a scratch resistant coating to the lens;

e) electrically connecting the positive and negative electrodes of the heating element to an energy source.

In the broadest sense, these steps may be performed in a variety of other orders, and additional steps may be added. Preferred sequences and further steps are described herein.

In one embodiment, a photochromic article is provided. The photochromic article includes a heating element, a polymer matrix, and a photochromic agent that contributes to the variable tint. The photochromic article achieves 20% dark penetration in the outdoor at 100 ° F. and 85% clear transmission in 2 minutes when in the room at 70 ° F.

In one embodiment, a photochromic article is provided. The photochromic article comprises a heating element, a polymer matrix, and a photochromic agent that contributes to the gray tint, whereby the photochromic article has a 30% darkening transmission outdoors at an ambient temperature of 95 ° F. and a room ambient of 70 ° F. A clear transmission of 85% is achieved within 2 minutes when in the room of temperature.

In one embodiment, a system for improving the performance of an optic is provided. The system includes optics, photochromic agents, heating elements, timers, and sensors.

In one embodiment, a photochromic lens is provided. The photochromic lens comprises a matrix comprising a photochromic agent, the matrix having a TG of greater than 50 and the photochromic lens after darkening for 15 minutes in a sunny outdoors with a sharpening time of 2 minutes or less Sharpening time provides 80% light transmission.

In one embodiment, an ophthalmic lens is provided. The lens includes a cooling body, a photochromic layer, and a heating element, wherein the photochromic layer is located between the cooling body and the heating element.

In one embodiment, an ophthalmic lens is provided. The lens comprises a thermally switchable polarizing layer, a heating element, and a photochromic layer, wherein the heating element is positioned between the photochromic layer and the switchable polarizing layer.

In one embodiment, a standalone electronics module is provided. One end of the module is externally attached to the spectacle frame, and a flexible electronic cable electrically connects the electronics housed in the module to that of a heating element located in a lens housed in the spectacle frame.

In one embodiment, a standalone electronics module is provided. One end of the module is attached to the spectacle frame from the outside, and a flexible electronic cable electrically connects the electronics housed in the module to that of a cooling body located in a lens housed in the spectacle frame.

In one embodiment, a device is provided. The device has a first surface and a second surface and includes an optic comprising a photochromic agent. The first electrode is disposed on the first surface. The second electrode is disposed on the second surface. A voltage source may be connected to the first electrode and the second electrode, as a result of which a potential may be applied to the photochromic agent.

In one embodiment, the variable tint element is in a solid state.

In one embodiment, the variable tint element comprises a liquid.

In one embodiment, the variable tint element is a polymer dispersed dichroic liquid crystal.

In one embodiment, the variable tint element is electrochromic.

1 shows a device 100 having a single photochromatic layer and a single heating layer.
2 shows a device 200 with photochromic optics and two heating layers.
3 shows a device 300 having a photochromic optic and one heating layer.
4 shows a device 400 having a single photochromatic layer and two heating layers.
5 shows a device 500 having a single photochromatic layer, a SiO 2 layer and a single heating layer.
6 shows a device 600 having two photochromatic layers, and a single heating layer.
7 shows a device 700 having a single photochromatic layer, a SiO 2 layer and a single heating layer.
8 shows a device 800 having a single photochromic layer, a SiO 2 layer and a single heating layer.
9 shows an electrical resistance coil 900.
10 illustrates a continuous planar heating element 1000 that is electrically resistant.
FIG. 11 illustrates a polymer layer 1110 sandwiched between a first heating element 1120 and a second heating element 1130.
12 illustrates photochromic eyewear 1200 with a thermal management system.
13 illustrates photochromic eyewear 1300 with a thermal management system.
14 illustrates one way in which the electronic device is housed in eyewear and electrically connected to a photochromic lens having a heating element.
15 illustrates details of the connection of an electronics module to a photochromic lens having a heating element.
16 shows the electronic cooling body 1600.
17 shows a lens 1700 incorporating a coolant, heating element, optics, and photochromic layer.
18 illustrates a lens 1800 incorporating a thermally switchable polarizing layer, heating element, optics, and photochromic layer.
19 is a flow diagram illustrating a four-phase system, a mechanism for darkening and brightening many photochromatic materials.
20 further illustrates a mechanism for darkening many photochromatic optics.
21 shows two options for providing a lens with a heating element and photochromic.
FIG. 22 is a table providing further preferred layer details for the structure of FIG. 21.
FIG. 23 is a table providing the number of days between charging and energy requirements for the structure of FIG. 21, option 1.
FIG. 24 is a table providing the number of days between charging and energy requirements for the structure of FIG. 21, option 2.
25 shows a first process flow.
26 shows a second process flow.
FIG. 27 shows a photograph of a pair of spectacles 2710 having an embedded electronics module 2720.
28 shows a top view of a portion of the eyeglasses having a clip on an electronics module.
FIG. 29 illustrates a module adapted to provide electronics performance to glasses in combination with ordinary glasses having non-electronic frames.
30 illustrates one approach for providing a consumer with a photochromic lens with a thermal management system.
31 is a flowchart of the first method of Embodiment 12. FIG.
32 is a flow chart of a second method of embodiment 12. FIG.
33 is a flowchart of the third method of embodiment 12. FIG.
34 is a flowchart of the fourth method of embodiment 12. FIG.
35 is a flowchart of the fifth method of Embodiment 12. FIG.
36 is a flowchart of a sixth method of Embodiment 12. FIG.
37 is a flowchart of the seventh method of Embodiment 12. FIG.
38 is a flowchart of the eighth method of Embodiment 12. FIG.
39 is a flowchart of the ninth method of Embodiment 12. FIG.
40 is a flowchart of the tenth method of Embodiment 12. FIG.
FIG. 41 is a flowchart of the eleventh method of Embodiment 12. FIG.
42 is a flow chart of a twelfth method of embodiment 12. FIG.
43 illustrates a device incorporating a liquid crystal variable tint element.
FIG. 44 illustrates an electrode configuration usable with the device of FIG. 43.
FIG. 45 illustrates an electrode configuration usable with the device of FIG. 43.
46 illustrates an electrochromic device in the solid state.

Embodiments disclosed herein provide multilayer optics for eyewear that includes a thermal management system, the multilayer optics comprising a base optic, a variable tint element, a polymer layer, and a transparent heating element. The transparent heater heats the variable tint element or variable tint directly or indirectly. The polymer layer includes or is associated with a variable tint element. When heat is applied to the polymer through a transparent heater, the variable tint element can be used to determine its dark level (speed and degree of blocking light transmission) or its sharpening level (speed and degree of transmitted light) rather than heating. Allows you to switch faster. Embodiments contemplate controllers, sensors, and other suitable electronics to control how and when heating occurs. Embodiments further contemplate selecting a particular polymer of the polymer layer via a particular environmental temperature at which the optics will be utilized, and further considering at least one of the following: variable tint element or type of variable tint agent and polymer Glass transition temperature (TG). In most but not all embodiments, the optical system is housed or attached to eyewear that includes the electronics.

Embodiments disclosed herein provide multilayer optics for eyewear that includes a thermal management system, the multilayer optics comprising a base optic, a variable tint element, a polymer layer, and a transparent heating element. The transparent heater heats the variable tint element or variable tint directly or indirectly. The polymer layer includes or is associated with a variable tint element. When heat is applied to the polymer through a transparent heater, the variable tint element can be used to determine its dark level (speed and degree of blocking light transmission) or its sharpening level (speed and degree of transmitted light) rather than heating. Allows you to switch faster. Eyewear includes a thermal management system, and the thermal management system includes two or more of the following: a heating element, a controller, a sensor, a timer, and an energy source.

Embodiments further contemplate selecting a particular polymer of the polymer layer and considering at least one of the following through the specific environmental temperature at which the optic will be utilized: that of the variable tint element or type of variable tint agent and that of the TG of the polymer. By way of example only, the variable tint element or variable tint agent may be the following; Photochromic, thermochromic, polymer dispersed dichroic liquid crystals, electrochromic. The polymer layer may have a thickness of 1 micron to 1.5 millimeters. In most but not all embodiments, the optical system is housed or attached to eyewear that includes the electronics. The polymer layer can be that of the monolithic layer in the case of a photochromic device, of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer in the case of a liquid crystal device and of the thermoplastic electrolyte in the solid state in the case of an electrochromic device. The polymer layer will generally, but not always, comprise a variable tint element. In certain embodiments, the polymer layer is integrated into a host plastic lens blank, lens, optics or device. In another embodiment, the polymer layer is integrated into a host glass lens blank, lens, optics, or device. In the case of a lens blank, the lens blank may be a semi-finished lens blank, a finished lens blank or a finished lens. The lens can be that of a non-prescription lens, sunglasses lens or prescription lens. The lens may have no light output, that is, any light output including a piano. The lens or lens blank can be coated with all common optical coatings and includes, for example: antireflective coatings, hard scratch resistant coatings. The coating may be placed on the lens or lens blank in the order as customarily available.

The term eyeglasses as used herein means the same as eyewear. Eyewear means any device worn on or around a head that includes a frame and a lens or optics (prescription or non-prescription), wherein the lens or optic is in the wearer's line of sight. By way of example only, the ophthalmic lens may be a semi-finished lens blank, a lens blank, an edge finished lens, a spectacle lens. UV and blue light as used herein means within the range of approximately 380 nanometers and 480 nanometers. The term transparent, as used herein, means mostly or mostly transparent. An "transparent" element need not be 100% transparent unless any attenuation of the transmitted light is sufficiently small that the eyewear does not serve its intended purpose. The term anti-scratch layer includes a hard coating. The term “electrical component (electronic device)”, by way of example only, means any one or more of the following: controller, timer, power supply, sensor, induction coil, switch. The term variable tint element is, by way of example only, via a photochromic element or photochromic agent, a dichroic liquid crystal element or a dichroic liquid crystal agent, an electrochromic element or an electrochromic agent, such that its color or tint is dynamically changed, It is an element or agent that can be tuned or switched. The polymer layer may be, by way of example only, one or more of a homogeneous polymer layer, a polymer matrix layer, an inhomogeneous polymer layer, a polymer dispersion layer and a polymer layer comprising a variable tint element or variable tint agent. The polymer layer may be a layer of thermoplastic resin. In addition, although many of the many embodiments taught herein utilize photochromic variable tint elements or variable tint agents, it is understood that embodiments should not be limited to those of photochromic variable tint elements or variable tint agents. Should be. The photochromic element may be in one layer, in layers or throughout the matrix. By way of example only, the photochromic element may be provided microencapsulated in a monomer, in an oil, in a liquid such as oil. In some embodiments, any and all variable tint elements or variable tints may be used, and the temperature changes color and / or light transmission conversion rate.

Embodiments disclosed herein may be any and all optical or eyewear articles, such as, for example, motorcycle helmet-type shading surfaces, ski goggles, sports glasses, ophthalmic lenses that are of non-prescription glasses, fixed focus, dynamic focus. , Prescription glasses with electronic focus, intraocular lenses, contact lenses, corneal onlays, and corneal inlays.

Embodiments disclosed herein will allow for much faster switching of photochromic spectacle lenses or other optics when going indoors to outdoors and from outdoors to indoors. Depending on the material housing the photochromic agent, the sharpening or brightening speed (from dark to bright) is 5 to 10 times faster than that of today's state of the art photochromic spectacle lenses, The master time is also correspondingly shorter. In addition, the embodiment allows the ability to achieve darker lenses outdoors in a warm environment compared to today's current state of the art photochromic lenses of the prior art. Embodiments achieve this performance improvement through new, primarily optically transparent thermal management systems, and in certain embodiments, photochromic or port crocs, rather than currently utilized in commercially available photochromic lenses or optics. It is added (combined) to that of the matrix chemistry which provides a higher TG or softening point of the matrix comprising the mixes. The thermal management system may be comprised of various electronic components that include one or more of primarily transparent heating elements (FIGS. 9, 10 and 11) and / or primarily transparent cooling bodies (FIG. 16).

Previously, there has always been a limited performance balance by photochromatic optics and / or lenses. The balance is that the faster the conversion of darkening outdoors, the more sensitive the photochromic optics and / or lenses are to outdoor heat or high temperatures (this is exacerbated by the sun's heat or actinic radiation effects). Limiting the degree of darkening of the photochromic optics and / or lenses and the speed at which they can be darkened. This is due to the fact that once the lens is heated to a certain level of darkening, the lens material becomes soft and the photochromic or photochromic agents reach the maximum darkening point where they begin to bleach. Embodiments disclosed herein address this long performance limitation problem of photochromic optics and / or lenses. As used herein, the terms "change" or "conversion" have the same meaning. The term bleach means that the tint becomes clearer or brighter. The term TG means the glass transition temperature or softening point of the material. However, the material may begin to soften at a temperature before the softening point.

Embodiments may allow photos (Figs. 12, 13 and 14) or optics to darken much darker than current photochromic even when behind a UV blocking or filtering windshield of a vehicle or vehicle. Chromic lenses or optics systems. In certain embodiments, mainly transparent heating elements associated with the embodiments can be utilized to turn on the thermally active polarizer or layer. This is particularly beneficial behind that of the UV blocking or filtering windshield or window where the level of photochromic of the tint is reduced. When behind the UV blocking or filtering windshield, the thermally activated polarizer or layer provides glare reduction and some tint. This combination provides additional visual comfort for the eyes of the driver or passenger. It should also be pointed out that this is the case for any type of lens or optic used behind mainly transparent objects of UV blocking or filtering, such as, for example, windows, windshields, shading surfaces and the like.

Some embodiments may comprise primarily transparent cooling bodies. Such mainly transparent cooling bodies are, by way of example only, Peltier coolers. By way of example only, mainly transparent coolant: # 1) change the internal temperature of the photochromic layer or optics outdoors to a temperature below its bleaching point, in order to change the phase order of the thermally activated polarizer or layer. To provide a cooling exit door for the internal temperature of the photochromic layer or optics to maintain and thus allow the photochromic article or lens to remain darker outdoors and less sensitive to outdoor higher ambient temperatures. Can be utilized. Thus, an embodiment of a photochromic lens or optic system using a transparent cooling system may remain dark at an outdoor temperature higher than that of the current photochromic and at the same time be more than that of currently available photochromic. It brightens or sharpens much faster. It should also be pointed out that the embodiments provide for utilizing a polymer layer consisting of a polymer having a higher TG than is generally used. Prior to these embodiments, using a polymer layer with a high TG would provide a darker color outdoors at temperatures higher than 90 ° F., but from the dark color of the outdoors to that of a lighter color of the interior. This will make it extremely slow. Thus, this was not commercially acceptable. Embodiments utilizing transparent heating elements allow the use of higher TG polymer layers, such that the photochromic lens remains darker at high temperatures above 90 ° F. but does not provide tint sharpening when moving from UV to non-UV light environments. Allows to provide fast transition time.

Historically, the higher the TG of a photochromic layer or optic, the darker the optic or lens will be when exposed to ultraviolet light (UV) outdoors, but also the sharpening of the optics of the lens when not exposed to UV light indoors. More precisely, the brighter the tint, the slower it is. This significant compromise has plagued all commercially available photochromic. Lens, optic, and photochromic manufacturers always had to choose the balance of TG and hardness of the polymer matrix housing the photochromic agent against it at the desired rate of sharpening or tinting when going outdoors. This is because some embodiments include a transparent heating element that heats the photochromic matrix when going from outdoors to indoors (whether it is of a photochromic lens blank or photochromic layer as a whole). . This heating effect speeds up the time for the photochromic tint to become clear or bright. Since it has the ability to heat a polymer matrix comprising a photochromic agent, the polymer matrix comprising a photochromic agent may be composed of a polymer material having a higher TG and thus is larger than that of previous commercially available photochromic materials. It can be harder. Accordingly, embodiments of the photochromic article are less sensitive to outdoor temperatures (having a temperature above 80 ° F.) with respect to the darkening of the photochromic article.

The photochromic articles of some embodiments will become darker, sharpen or brighten much faster than the best state of the art commercially available photochromic, and in some embodiments, temperature sensitivity to higher ambient temperatures. This is less. Finally, some embodiments provide a way to improve visual comfort in sunlight when behind a predominantly transparent windshield or shading surface of UV blocking or filtering by providing glare or reflected light reduction and protection. Embodiments disclosed herein can provide improved photochromic performance, improved photochromic polarization performance, and improved polarization performance. The variable tint element (elements) (also referred to as variable tint or variable tint agents) of the embodiments disclosed herein may be a material component that can cause, by way of example only, dyes, drugs, variable tints. Various tint colors can be made by means well known in the photochromic industry.

FIG. 19 is a flow diagram illustrating a four-phase system, a mechanism for darkening and brightening many photochromatic materials.

20 further illustrates a mechanism for darkening many photochromatic optics. Initial light absorbance is very low, less than 0.15. Upon exposure to bright sunlight, the colorless form is excited electronically and converted into a colored form. The light absorption is increased, thereby increasing the heating rate of the optic, thereby increasing the light absorption. Both heating and absorption cause an additional increase at the interconversion rate. The rise in temperature softens the matrix and increases the return rate. The light absorption level reaches a maximum threshold, which is represented by the sigmoidal curve illustrated in FIG. 20. At the top of the curve, the temperature and light absorbance are in equilibrium and at a fixed ambient illumination level. In FIG. 20, the X-axis or time-axis is not named with a specific time length, but is included to show how absorption generally behaves over time under the described circumstances.

The application of heat accelerates the deactivation of the colored form by two mechanisms and speeds up the return to the colorless state in the absence of active radiation. One mechanism is the softening of the matrix which allows for rearrangement inside the molecule. The second mechanism is to activate the reordering process. This process works best for photochromic applied in thin layers (50-100 microns) but is also effective for bulk photochromic.

The heat dissipated in the heater layer will make the temperature imagine. However, heat will also diffuse to the adjacent cooler layer through heat conduction. This means that the temperature rise will diffuse from the heater layer to the adjacent layer. This process is preferred because this process allows the heater to heat adjacent photochromic layers. It continues until ultimately all layers in the stack have the same temperature. For any layer stack, this diffusion of temperature across the stack through thermal diffusion occurs within the characteristic diffusion time. For the stack in our example, it is approximately 2 to 6 seconds.

The energy inserted into the individual layers can be calculated as the product of the energy increase, the volume of the layers, and the specific heat of the material. If the temperature increase is uniform, most of the energy is inserted into the polymer lens because the polymer lens has by far the maximum volume. By way of example only, strictly speaking, to sharpen a variable tint element or layer, such as a photochromic element or layer, a thermochromic element or layer, a polymer dispersed dichroic liquid crystal element or layer, an electrochromic element or layer in a solid state, , It is enough to heat the variable tint layer. However, the energy injected into the variable tint layer is much less than in the polymer lens hosting the variable tint layer, since the variable tint layer is much thinner than the polymer lens. Thus, heating the photochromic lens over a period longer than the diffusion time is insufficient; Most of the heating energy ends when it does not help to sharpen the variable tint element or layer.

Some embodiments disclosed herein dissipate the energy required to heat the variable tint element or layer in a thermal burst that is significantly shorter (ie, 1 second) than the diffusion time. In this way, the dissipated energy will be concentrated near the heater and photochromic layer, resulting in locally higher temperatures. This effect lasts for some time shorter than the diffusion time. In certain embodiments, the column burst can be repeated many times in a timed sequence and it can be programmed into the microprocessor. Thus, a sequence of sudden bursts or spikes of energy and the resulting temperature can provide most of the energy in an efficient manner to heat the variable tint element for the various embodiments taught within this patent application.

A stack design is provided for some embodiments. The product is made by applying a coating of ITO and SiOx on the front side of the glasses. One of two approaches may be used. In a first approach, starting with the optics optics (eg, hard coated) of the finished product, a transparent conductive layer of ITO serving as the first electrode is applied, and then the photochromic layer is then applied. A second layer of ITO serving as an electrode of 2 is provided (see FIG. 21, option 1). A resistive layer of SiO x may also be applied before applying the ITO layer to provide stability against cracks. In a second approach, ITO or SnOx / ITO is connected to an electrical circuit that starts with conventional eyeglass optics (e.g. discoloration lenses) pre-coated with a photochromic layer on top, delivering 3.5V to the anode terminal. It is possible to overcoat the photochromic layer with a transparent conductive layer of (see FIG. 21, option 2). In most but not all cases, a layer of SiOx layer or hard coat is applied on top of the ITO layer. In most embodiments, ITO is utilized for the transparent conductive layer, but it should be pointed out that as an example, any transparent conductive material such as a conductive polymer may be used. Similarly, resistive materials other than SiOx may be used. The more transparent heater is embedded and the closer to the variable tinting element, the more energy efficient the device becomes. While a transparent heating element applied to the exterior will affect the performance of the variable tint element, such a transparent heater will not be energy efficient because most of the heat will dissipate quickly. Embodiments disclosed herein teach transparent heating elements located under some types of outer layers.

21 shows two options for providing a lens with a heating element and photochromic. In option 1, a photochromic layer is applied after ITO application. Subsequent layers are applied in sequence. AR coat 2101, layer 2102 of SiOx, layer 2103 of ITO, layer 2104 of SiOx, layer 2105 of ITO, layer 2106 of SiOx, photochromatic layer 2107 and SiOx Layer 2108. In option 2, additional processing is applied to the existing photochromic layer. SiOx layers 2112 and 2113 may be applied to both sides of the existing photochromic layer 2111. In order, patterned ITO layer 2114, SiOx layer 2115 and AR coating 2116 are applied over SiOx layer 2113. Photochromatic layer 2111 is preferably 50-250 microns thick. SiOx layers 2112 and 2113 are preferably 100-150 nm thick and are intended to be resistive. In various places in the present application where SiOx or SiO2 is disclosed between two electrodes, SiOx is intended to be resistive. Other suitable transparent resistive materials may also be used. The patterned ITO layer 2114 is preferably 20 nm thick. SiOx layer 2115 is preferably 2-3 microns thick and may function as a hard coat. Layers 2108 and 2115 are optional. The layer disclosed in FIG. 21 is laminated on the lens blank.

FIG. 22 is a table providing further preferred layer details for the structure of FIG. 21.

FIG. 23 is a table providing the number of days between charging and energy requirements for the structure of FIG. 21, option 1. The calculation is based on the one-dimensional heat transfer equation by the heat source and the sink (base lens) maintained at room temperature.

FIG. 24 is a table providing the number of days between charging and energy requirements for the structure of FIG. 21, option 2. The calculation is based on the one-dimensional heat transfer equation by the heat source and the sink (base lens) maintained at room temperature.

25 shows a first process flow. In a first step 2501, it starts with a photochromic lens blank, such as an Escilor Transitions Lens Blank. In a second step 2502, a proprietary transparent heating element is added, for example by vapor deposition. In a third step 2503, a heart coat is added. In a fourth step 2504, the resulting lens is shipped to the lens lab, lens manufacturer, or placed in an inventory.

26 shows a second process flow. In a first step 2601, it starts with a photochromic lens blank, such as an ecsiluc discoloration lens blank. In a second step 2602, a heart coat is added. In a third step 2603, a proprietary transparent heating element is added, for example by evaporation, and then a hard coat. In a fourth step 2604, the resulting lens is shipped to the lens wrap, lens manufacturer, or placed in an inventory.

Electronic photochromic eyewear is conventional photochromic eyewear and further comprises a thermal management system for the lens and wherein the electronics are located in the frame as in an electronic frame or attached to the frame as in a non-electronic frame. Make it possible.

Electronic photochromic eyewear offers the ability to significantly improve the performance of today's photochromic. It provides the ability to speed up the conversion time of darkening. And the degree of darkening by using matrix chemistry that would not work properly in the past. It provides the ability to "significantly" accelerate the transition time of sharpening. It provides the ability to not affect the darkening threshold and may increase the actual peak darkening. It provides an improved darkness / temperature relationship.

According to the electronic photochromic lens, the lens can be edged into any shape. The lens can be edged to any size. It will work with any electronic frame containing suitable electronics. It will work in any non-electronic frame with spectacles to which an external electronic module can be attached.

By way of example, a normal discoloration 6 (T6) photochromic lens without heating has a sharpening time that takes approximately 9 +/- minutes for T6 to clear with 73% transmission after 15 minutes of exposure. By heating as disclosed herein, T6 will be clear with approximately 80% transmission in approximately two minutes or less. This will occur without compromising the condition of darkness, the rate of darkness, or the darkness / temperature relationship.

As an example, a typical T6 photochromic lens would: clear about 80% + transmission in about 12 minutes under normal room conditions, and about 31% when exposed to light for about 1 minute at ambient temperature of 95F (outdoor sunny conditions). It darkens with a transmission of, eventually darkening with 27% transmission at 95F under outdoor sunny conditions, and eventually with 95% transmission under normal indoor conditions when used in a lens with AR coating. The same lens with a thermal management system as disclosed herein has similar parameters, but with the distinct difference that it becomes clear with about 80% transmission in less than two minutes.

Modifying the matrix of the photochromic element to use a higher TG material and using that photochromic element with a thermal management system adds a degree of darkness of 15% transmission in sunny outdoor sunny conditions at temperatures above 90 ° F. To allow. By using a higher TG polymer, the lens or optics will have higher temperature stability and will retain darker colors at higher temperatures, not bleached to lighter colors, and retain them for a long time. However, the ability to switch from a darkened state to a lightened state within a reasonable period is only by the embodiments disclosed herein: application of a thermal management system comprising a transparent heating element.

Embodiments disclosed herein consist of any one of a variety of aligned layers and / or combinations of elements that affect the performance of the switchable variable tint article and / or the switchable polarizing article. These elements are # 1) heating element, # 2) coolant, # 3) polarizer, # 4) variable tint element (elements), # 5) polymer layer, # 6) polymer matrix TG (these are listed in what order) no). In certain embodiments, by way of example only, variable tint elements such as polymer dispersed dichroic liquid crystal elements or layers are provided, in other embodiments electrochromic elements or layers are provided, and in certain embodiments, thermochromic elements Or in another embodiment, a photochromic element or layer is provided. In the embodiments disclosed herein, a thermal management system including a transparent heater is utilized to improve the performance of the variable tint element.

Embodiments disclosed herein are those of improved performance photochromic optics or articles, the performance of which is the application of an energy source, a sensor, and in some embodiments a lightweight transparent member or element of heat generation combined with that of the controller. Is improved by. The transparent heating element may, for example only, consist of an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layer having an electrical resistance in the range of 2Ω to> 200Ω / sq having a preferred range of 5Ω to 50Ω. It should be noted that conductive polymers and / or conductive polymers with conductive nanoparticles may also be used. This produces an optimal coating having a suitable density to provide good heating performance. For the purposes of the present disclosure, the terms pole, connecting electrode, and terminal have the same meaning. By way of example only, the transparent heating element may include a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a connecting electrode or a terminal. The terms scratch resistant coating and hard coat also have the same meaning.

9 and 10 only show two of the many types of heating element designs that can be applied, by way of example. 9 is that of an electrical resistance coil similar to that of an oven burner. However, the electrically conductive and resistive material used is that of ITO. Due to the fact that it is the application of optics or lenses to it, electrically conductive and resistive materials are transparent. In some embodiments, the coil is made up of thin, closely wound conductive features, taking into account that ITO is not evenly spread across the surface when a coil heating element is utilized. This is due to the fact that, in some embodiments, the UV light activates the photochromic layer or the optics below. Uneven darkening can occur if any UV light is filtered by the coil. Thus, the embodiment contemplates such a conductive resistive coil that is that of a tightly designed coil. If the heating element is configured to be that of a nonuniform electrically conductive resistive coating covering the surface of the lens, the coating is merely coated with ITO, or by masking the surface being coated with ITO having the desired design, for example. It is then produced by the method of etching the surface. These are just two examples of the way in which an electronically conductive resistance coil coating similar to that of an overburner is made.

9 shows an electrical resistance coil 900. The coil 900 includes a transparent electrode 910. The transparent electrode 910 may be made of any suitable transparent conductor or semiconductor, including indium tin oxide (ITO), conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, and similar materials. The coil is preferably as fine and as close as possible, which will appear as a higher resistance and more efficient heating element. The coil preferably extends around the lens circumference 920.

10 is that of an electrically conductive resistive layer covering the entire surface of the lens. There are two connecting electrodes (anode and cathode) insulated from each other on both sides. While these two connecting electrodes are shown on the top of the surface forming the heating element layer, it should be pointed out that they may also be located on the side edge of the layer closest to the peripheral edge of the optic or lens. In certain embodiments, these two connecting electrodes connecting the thermal management system may be composed of silver wire, gold, conductive polymer, ITO, carbon nanotubes, by way of example only.

10 illustrates a continuous planar heating element 1000 that is electrically resistant. The heating element 1000 includes an insulator 1010, a first electrical connector 1020, a second electrical connector 1030, and a continuous resistance layer 1040. The continuous resistive layer may consist of any suitable transparent conductor or semiconductor, including indium tin oxide (ITO), conductive polymers, carbon nanotubes, and similar materials.

FIG. 11 illustrates a polymer layer 1110 sandwiched between a first heating element 1120 and a second heating element 1130. The polymer layer 1110 includes one or more photochromic agents. Each of the first and second heating elements 1120 and 1130 may include a layer of ITO, a conductive polymer, or carbon nanotubes.

The alignment and thickness of the layers is considered to be part of some embodiments disclosed herein. In certain embodiments, the heating element may be located behind it of the photochromic layer or optics as shown in FIG. 1, or in other embodiments, the heating element may be of the photochromic layer or optics as provided in FIG. 3. It may be before it, or it may be located before and after the photochromic layer or optic as provided in FIG. 2. In yet another embodiment, the heating element may consist of three layers having a photochromic layer that provides electrical resistance as provided in FIGS. 4 and 15, in addition to the photochromic tint. When a photochromic layer is used to provide electrical resistance (in addition to its photochromic tint property), it is located between two mainly transparent electrode layers. In some but not all cases, very small electrically conductive particles may be mixed / dispersed within the matrix of the photochromic agent or polymer layer comprising the photochromic agents. Thus, in this embodiment, the heating element comprises three layers; One is a first mainly transparent electrode layer, secondly an electrically resistive layer of photochromic, and a third layer of a second mainly transparent conductive electrode layer. The predominantly transparent conductive electrode layer may consist of ITO (indium tin oxide), conductive polymer, carbon nanotubes, by way of example only.

1 shows a device 100 having a single photochromatic layer and a single heating layer. The photochromic layer is separate from the optics. The device 100 may include the first anti-scratch layer 110, the optics 120, the heating element layer 130, the photochromic layer 140, and the first anti-scratch layer 110 in order from the nearest to the farthest with respect to the wearer. Two anti-scratch layers 150. The optical front 125 is the side of the optic 120 that is disposed farthest away from the wearer.

2 shows a device 200 with photochromic optics and two heating layers. The device 200 may include a first anti-scratch layer 210, a first heating element layer 220, a photochromatic optic 230, and a second heating element layer in order from the closest to the furthest from the wearer. 240 and a second anti-scratch layer 250. The optical front 235 is the side of the photochromic optic 230 that is disposed farthest away from the wearer.

3 shows a device 300 having a photochromic optic and one heating layer. The device 300 includes the first scratch prevention layer 310, the photochromatic optic 320, the second heating element layer 330, and the second scratch prevention, in order from the closest to the furthest to the wearer. Layer 340. The optic front 325 is the side of the photochromatic optic 320 that is disposed farthest away from the wearer.

4 shows a device 400 having a single photochromatic layer and two heating layers. The photochromatic layer is separated from the optics. The device 400 may include the first antireflective coating 410, the first hard coat layer 420, the optics 430, and the second hard coat, in order from nearest to farthest to the wearer. Layer 440, a first heating layer 450, a photochromic layer 460, a second heating layer 470, a hard coat layer 480, and a second anti-reflective coating 490.

5 shows a device 500 having a single photochromatic layer, a SiO 2 layer and a single heating layer. The photochromatic layer is separated from the optics. The device 500 includes a first anti-scratch layer 510, an optic 520, an SiO 2 layer 530, a heating layer 540, a photochromatic layer, in order from nearest to farthest with respect to the wearer. 550, and a second anti-scratch layer 560. Optic front 525 is the side of photochromatic optic 520 disposed furthest away from the wearer.

6 shows a device 600 having two photochromatic layers, and a single heating layer. The photochromatic layer is separated from the optics. The device 600 may include the first anti-scratch layer 610, the optics 620, the first photochromatic layer 630, and the heating element layer 640, in order from nearest to farthest with respect to the wearer. , A second photochromic layer 650, and a second anti-scratch layer 660. Optic front 625 is the side of photochromatic optic 620 disposed furthest away from the wearer.

7 shows a device 700 having a single photochromatic layer, a SiO 2 layer and a single heating layer. The photochromatic layer is separated from the optics. The optics have a light output. The device 700 includes a first anti-scratch layer 710, an optic 720, a hard coat layer 730, a heating element layer 740, and an SiO 2 layer, in order from nearest to furthest with respect to the wearer. 750, photochromatic layer 760, and second anti-scratch layer 770.

8 shows a device 800 having a single photochromatic layer, a SiO 2 layer and a single heating layer. The photochromatic layer is separated from the optics. The device 800 may include the first anti-scratch layer 810, the optics 820, the second anti-scratch layer 830, and the photochromic layer 840 in order from the closest to the furthest from the wearer. , An SiO 2 layer 850, a heating element layer 860, and a third anti-scratch layer 870.

The degree of loading of the photochromic polymer layer with electrically conductive particles allows one to adjust the electrical resistance to it at an acceptable level in consideration of the degree of resistance required. In addition, the thickness of the polymer layer comprising photochromic agents or photochromic agents contributes to the level of electrical resistance. The conductive particles may be, by way of example only, those of carbon nanotubes, conductive polymers, nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, the photochromic agent or polymer matrix comprising photochromic agents comprises a conductive polymer. In certain cases, no electrically conductive particles are utilized. One embodiment of a heating element comprising a photochromic electrical resistive layer provides a very efficient means of heating the photochromic layer.

Certain embodiments include a thermally switchable polarizer in addition to or instead of that of the photochromic layer. Certain embodiments also utilize a photochromic polarizing layer or element. Such polarizers or layers are taught in US Pat. Nos. 7,978,391 and 7,505,189, which are incorporated herein by reference. However, the embodiments disclosed herein, in contrast to the heat provided by highly variable (unreliable and unpredictable) actinic radiation as taught in US Pat. Nos. 7,978,391 and 7,505,189, are highly accurate and reliable heating elements. And utilize thermal management systems. Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a system consisting of one or more mainly transparent electron heating elements or elements, energy sources, optics, photochromic layers or optics, controllers, switches, and one or more sensors. In certain embodiments disclosed herein, a timer is integrated. In another embodiment disclosed herein, a thermally switchable polarizer is included. And in another embodiment disclosed herein, an electronic coolant or layer is included in or adjacent to the photochromic article. The electronic coolant or layer may be utilized to convert the polarizing layer back to its thermally unconverted state. In addition, the electronic coolant or layer can be electrically activated in an outdoor environment to allow the photochromic layer or optics to remain darker in a high temperature outdoor environment.

In some embodiments, the electronic coolant or layer is a semiconductor-based electronic component that mainly consists of a transparent thermoelectric cooler (TEC) (sometimes called a thermoelectric module or Peltier module) and functions as a small heat pump. As the low voltage applies a DC power source to the TEC, heat flows from one side to the other through the semiconductor element. The current cools one side and simultaneously heats the other side. As a result, a given side of the device can be used for heating or cooling by reversing the polarity of the applied current. The TEC's characteristics make TEC highly suitable for accurate temperature control applications and space constraints and reliability, or where no refrigerant is required.

The predominantly transparent thermoelectric cooler utilized in some embodiments consists of a layer of first ITO, a layer of second silicon, a layer of third germanium, and a layer of fourth ITO. See FIG. 16. The thickness of the silicon and germanium layers range from 200 angstroms to 2000 angstroms, respectively. The layers are deposited by vapor deposition, such as by way of example only. It should be pointed out that a thin layer of SiO 2 may also be provided if necessary over the ITO layer or layers. In addition, for the outer electrode layer, other mainly transparent conductive materials, such as conductive polymers, may be provided instead of ITO.

By placing the positive charge after germanium and the negative charge after silicon, the heat flow will be from germanium to silicon. It is also possible to reverse the flow of heat by placing a positive charge after silicon and a negative charge after germanium. Thus, by placing a transparent thermoelectric cooler such that, by way of example only, its side with a positive charge is closest to the photochromic layer, heat is dissipated out of the photochromic layer under sunlight (and thus By cooling the muck layer), thereby helping to reduce the internal temperature of the photochromic polymer layer. This will then allow the lens to remain darker outdoors under sunlight and be less sensitive to temperature. A primarily transparent thermoelectric cooler may also be located after the thermally activated polarizing layer or element. In this case, the thermoelectric cooler can be utilized to thermally switch the order of the liquid crystals by cooling, thus turning the polarization state on or off. By reversing the charge or polarity of the thermoelectric cooler, it will become a heater and can heat the thermal polarizing layer or element. This would also be valid for heating the photochromic layer to speed up sharpening or brightening time.

By this method a temperature difference of 1C to 50C can be obtained. In addition to silicon and germanium, other bimetallic couples, such as cadmium silicide-cadmium telluride, may also be used, by way of example only. When utilized in lenses or optics for spectacles or eyewear, these stacks may be applied along a plane perpendicular to the direction of light incidence, or parallel to the direction of light incidence. Alternatively, the other scheme can be applied to the edge of the lens or to the side of the lens in optical communication with the eye's line of sight. The internal temperature of the photochromic agent or the layer or optics comprising the photochromic agents will be hotter than that of the external ambient temperature, so that heat surrounds the glasses or eyewear on the front or side of the lens from the photochromic layer or optics. Air may be discharged / delivered towards it or it may be exhausted / delivered backwards from the photochromic layer or optic toward the back bulk of the lens closest to the wearer's eye.

16 shows the electronic cooling body 1600. Heat flows from the front 1610 of the lens to the back 1620 of the lens. The cooling body includes, in order, a layer 1630 of the first ITO, a layer 1640 of silicon, a layer 1650 of germanium, and a second electrode 1660. Other suitable transparent materials may be used.

17 shows a lens 1700 incorporating a coolant, heating element, optics, and photochromic layer. The lens 1700 is, from the rear of the lens (closest to the human eye) to the front, with the first antireflective coating layer 1705, the first hard coat layer 1710, the optics 1720, and the second hard The coat layer 1730, the cooling body 1740, the photochromic layer 1750, the heating element 1760, the hard coat layer 1770, and the second anti-reflective coating layer 1780. Cooling body 1740 may have additional layers, such as those illustrated in FIG. 16. 17 corresponds to the tenth embodiment.

18 illustrates a lens 1800 incorporating a thermally switchable polarizing layer, heating element, optics, and photochromic layer. The lens 1800 is, from the rear of the lens (closest to the human eye) to the front, with the first antireflective coating layer 1805, the first hard coat layer 1810, the optics 1820, and the second hard Coat layer 1830, thermally switchable polarizing layer 1840, photochromatic layer 1850, heating element 1860, hard coat layer 1870, and second anti-reflective coating layer 1880. 18 corresponds to the eleventh embodiment.

Embodiments disclosed herein include a system comprising a photochromic optic or layer and associated electronics. While some embodiments disclosed herein discuss optics or layers comprising photochromic agents or photochromic agents that are of a polymer layer, such layers or optics may be that of glass in certain embodiments. Some embodiments are a very elegant way to address the urgent long-term unmet requirements. When the term optic is used in this patent application, it should be understood that it means any optic that transmits light. By way of example only: transport vehicle windshields, windows, shading surfaces for motorcycle helmets, non-prescription glasses, prescription glasses of both fixed and electronic focus, intraocular lenses, contact lenses. Embodiments may also be used in accordance with dye chemistries to create a range of light modifications in the transmission spectrum in which the level of photochromic loading and the desired level of light transmission or blocking can be shifted within the desired upper and lower ranges.

Some embodiments contemplate the use of a timer. A timer can be added to automatically switch on and switch off the heating element or element. In certain cases, the heating element cycles continuously between on and off. In addition, the conversion time can be changed according to consumer demand or requirements. Thus, the amount of arm or light of the photochromic optics behind the windshield of a vehicle or other vehicle can be manually changed or controlled by the wearer or placed in an automatic mode. The purpose of the timer is to not allow the heating element or member to heat the substrate material of the optic housing the photochromic agent beyond the level at which the material becomes too soft and the photochromic agent starts to bleach. By not allowing the material comprising the photochromic agent to be overheated (meaning it is heated beyond a certain point), the level of darkening and the rate of darkening can be optimized.

This is due to the fact that the heating element or member allows for much faster transitions between the two states of darkening and brightening, but in order to maximize the degree of darkening or brightening, the heating element has a temperature of the substrate of the optic housing the photochromic agent and The TG of the polymer material associated with it should be strongly considered.

Some embodiments contemplate temperature sensors that may or may not be used in connection with a timer. If a heating temperature is achieved (which can be measured internally to that surface or to the surface) for a substrate of a given optic comprising a photochromic agent, the heating element or member is turned off. And if the temperature drops back to a lower level, the heating element can be turned on again if necessary. This cycle can be continuous for a preset period or can be set and changed manually. Again, this can be achieved automatically if necessary (just means hands free, for example). Some embodiments contemplate the use of a timer.

Electricity is, by way of example only, any applicable energy source providing such electricity, such as fuel cells, batteries, inductively rechargeable batteries, AC current, DC current, solar cells, motion, kinetic energy, chemical, mechanical May be provided by means. Through the spectacle application, for each photochromic lens, two small Varta V6HR batteries will be allowed to heat the ITO heating element approximately 25 times above ambient room temperature 10 ° C. before requiring recharging. Was found. The energy source may be located within the optics, lens or article, on the optics, lens, or article or may be removed from the optics, lens or article. Through the eyewear application, it should be pointed out that in addition to the electronics of the heating element, many, if not all, electronics can be carried away and included / housing within the eyeglass frames, ski goggles, motorcycle helmets, by way of example only.

The terms optics, substrate, and lenses all have the same meaning for the purposes of this disclosure. The term bleaching or bleaching as used herein means to have the same meaning as that of sharpening or brightening a photochromic colored layer or matrix.

In a first embodiment, a performance-enhanced photochromic optic comprising a heating element, merely by way of example only of a transparent electrically enabled heated surface or layer, close to or adjacent to a layer of material comprising a photochromic agent Is located. A predominantly transparent, electrically enabled and heated surface or layer consists of, by way of example only, a layer of thin glass or plastic having a heating element or member embedded thereon or embedded therein. The heating element of the member may be just that of indium tin oxide (ITO), which may be powered or activated by application of electricity or deactivated by removal of electricity, for example. Any electrically conductive material (including that of a conductive polymer) can be used to make the heating element if it meets the transparency requirements for the performance of the optics. In a preferred embodiment (see, eg, FIG. 1), the heating element is located on the side of the layer or optic containing the photochromic agent closest to the user's eye or furthest from the incident UV light waves. In another preferred embodiment, two heating elements are used, one on each side of the layer or optic comprising the photochromic agent. In another embodiment, one heating element comprises a photochromic agent and is located on the side of the layer or optic closest to the incident UV and / or long wavelength blue light. The electricity may, for example only, be applied to any applicable means of providing such electricity, such as fuel cells, batteries, inductively rechargeable batteries, AC currents, DC currents, solar cells, motion, kinetic energy, chemical, mechanical. Can be provided by In this first embodiment, the heating element is turned on or off by the user; This means that the person using the optics can simply turn on or off the heating element at will, depending on the desired level of photochromic performance.

In a second embodiment, a performance-enhanced photochromic optic comprising a heating element, merely by way of example only of a transparent or electrically enabled heated surface or layer that is close to or adjacent to a layer of material comprising a photochromic agent Is located. A predominantly transparent, electrically enabled and heated surface or layer consists of, by way of example only, a layer of thin glass or plastic having a heating element or member embedded thereon or embedded therein. The heating element or member may be, by way of example only, of indium tin oxide which may be powered or activated by the application of electricity or may be inactivated by the removal of electricity. Any electrically conductive material (including that of a conductive polymer) can be used to make the heating element if it meets the transparency requirements for the performance of the optics. In a preferred embodiment, the heating element is located on the side of the layer or optic containing the photochromic agent closest to or in the UV light wave that is closest to the user's eye. In another preferred embodiment (see, eg, FIG. 2), two heating elements are used, one on each side of the layer or optic containing the photochromic agent. In another embodiment, one heating element comprises a photochromic agent and is located on the side of the layer or optic closest to the incident UV and / or long wavelength blue light. The electricity may, for example only, be applied to any applicable means of providing such electricity, such as fuel cells, batteries, inductively rechargeable batteries, AC currents, DC currents, solar cells, motion, kinetic energy, chemical, mechanical. Can be provided by

In this second embodiment, the heating element is turned on or off via a photo detector or a light sensor located on the side of the photochromic layer or the surface closest to the user. The light sensor can be linked to the controller but not always. The controller can only be that of an ASIC as an example. The sensor determines the level of light transmission or blocking and passes this level to the controller. The controller then turns the heating element on or off.

In a third embodiment, a performance-enhanced photochromic optic comprising a heating element, for example only of a transparent electrically enabled and heated surface or layer, close or adjacent to a layer of material comprising a photochromic agent Is located. A predominantly transparent, electrically enabled and heated surface or layer consists of, by way of example only, a layer of thin glass or plastic having a heating element or member embedded thereon or embedded therein. The heating element of the member may be, for example, that of indium tin oxide, which may be powered or activated by the application of electricity or may be inactivated by the removal of electricity. Any electrically conductive material (including that of a conductive polymer) can be used to make the heating element if it meets the transparency requirements for the performance of the optics. In a preferred embodiment, the heating element is located on the side of the layer or optic containing the photochromic agent closest to or in the UV light wave that is closest to the user's eye. In another preferred embodiment (see, eg, FIG. 2), two heating elements are used, one on each side of the layer or optic containing the photochromic agent. The use of two heating elements (one on each side of the photochromic layer) allows the photochromic layer to provide the necessary electrical resistance for the ITO layer on the front and back of the photochromic layer. In another embodiment (eg, see FIG. 3), one heating element comprises a photochromic agent and is located on the side of the layer or optic closest to the incident UV and / or long wavelength blue light. The electricity may, for example only, be applied to any applicable means of providing such electricity, such as fuel cells, batteries, inductively rechargeable batteries, AC currents, DC currents, solar cells, motion, kinetic energy, chemical, mechanical. Can be provided by

In this third embodiment, the heating element is turned on or off via a photo detector or a light sensor located on the side of the photochromic layer or the surface closest to the user. The light sensor can be linked to the controller but not always. The controller can only be that of an ASIC as an example. The sensor determines the level of light transmission or blocking and passes this level to the controller. The controller then turns the heating element on or off. The third embodiment further includes a timer as part of the controller or separate from the controller. The timer may set the timing of a continuous continuous cycle or may be set to turn on and turn off the heating element after a certain period of time when the desired level of light transmission or blocking has been reached.

In a fourth embodiment (not shown), a composite optic having two layers or optics comprising a photochromic agent or photochromic agents, wherein the two layers or optics comprise ultraviolet radiation and / or purple (long blue wavelengths) ) Are in both optical paths of radiation. These two layers or optics are closest to the UV radiation to which layer # 1 or optic # 1 is incident and layer # 2 or optic # 2 is located behind layer # 1 or optic # 1 and the incoming UV and / or long blue wavelengths It is located farther from the wavelength of light and closest to the human eye. Layer # 1 or optic # 1 is comprised of a material that is more reactive or sensitive to UV light and / or longer blue light wavelengths than layer # 2 or optic # 2 and has a lower TG than layer # 2 or optic # 2, and And / or within the structure of its higher TG material, allow the photochromic agent to be much more reactive or sensitive to UV light and / or long blue light wavelengths (in the domain) than that of layer # 2 or optic # 2. Which has a domain of lower TG material. In addition, the heating element is near or adjacent to layer # 1 or optic # 1.

In this fourth embodiment, the heating element is turned on or off via a controller coupled to the sensor. The controller, in some cases, allows the periodic transmission of UV light and / or long wavelength blue light to transmit layer # 1 or optic # 1 with sufficient transmission and thus darken layer # 2 or optic # 2. Alternately on and off. By doing this, pure darkening of the composite optics is improved due to the improved photochromic layer, and the darkening and sharpening time are also improved. The thickness and TG of layer # 1 or optic # 1 are optimized to allow this transmission when heat is applied to raise the temperature of layer # 1 or optic # 1.

In a fifth embodiment (not illustrated), a performance-enhanced photochromic optic comprising a heating element, for example only a layer of material comprising a photochromic agent, mainly of a transparent or electrically enabled heated surface or layer It is located close to or adjacent to. A predominantly transparent, electrically enabled and heated surface or layer consists of, by way of example only, a layer of thin glass or plastic having a heating element or member embedded thereon or embedded therein. The heating element of the member may be, for example, that of indium tin oxide, which may be powered or activated by the application of electricity or may be inactivated by the removal of electricity. Any electrically conductive material (including that of a conductive polymer) can be used to make the heating element if it meets the transparency requirements for the performance of the optics. In a preferred embodiment, the heating element is located on the side of the layer or optic containing the photochromic agent closest to or in the UV light wave that is closest to the user's eye. In another preferred embodiment, two heating elements are used, one on each side of the layer or optic comprising the photochromic agent. In another embodiment, one heating element comprises a photochromic agent and is located on the side of the layer or optic closest to the incident UV and / or long wavelength blue light.

In a fifth embodiment, the heating element is (either directly or indirectly) via a thermal sensor positioned adjacent to the surface of the substrate of the optic comprising the photochromic agent or embedded in the substrate of the optic comprising the photochromic agent. Turned on or off. The light sensor can be linked to the controller but not always. The controller can only be that of an ASIC as an example. The sensor includes a photochromic agent and determines the temperature of the optic substrate material that conveys this level to the controller. The controller then turns the heating element on or off. This action may continue in a sustained cycle or for a specific period of time.

In a sixth embodiment (see FIG. 6), a compound optic having layer # 1 or optic # 1 and layer # 2 or optic # 2 has the same TG, either or both of which are layer # 2 or optics. It is possible to have a domain in the lens material that # 2 is more responsive / sensitive to light than layer # 1 or optic # 1 for lower levels of light. In certain cases, in this sixth embodiment, the heating element is located between layer # 1 or optic # 1 and that of layer # 2 or optic # 2. In other cases, in this sixth embodiment, the heating element is located on or close to the front surface of layer # 1 or optic # 1. The controller coupled to the sensor directs the heating element to turn on and off, allowing proper transmission of UV light and / or long wavelength blue light to darken layer # 1 or optic # 1 as well as layer # 2 or optic # 2. Let's do it. By doing this, pure darkening of the composite optics is improved due to the improved photochromic layer, and the darkening and sharpening time are also improved. The thickness and TG of layer # 1 or optic # 1 are optimized to allow this transmission when heat is applied to raise the temperature of layer # 1 or optic # 1. Layer # 1 corresponds to the first photochromic layer 630 of FIG. 6, and layer # 2 corresponds to the second photochromic layer 650. In FIG. 6, the photochromatic layer is separated from the optics, but the same concept as in the case where two photochromatic optics, that is, optics # 1 and optics # 2, may be applied.

In the seventh embodiment (for example, see FIG. 4), a potential is applied across the layer of material containing the photochromic agent. This layer must have a relatively low dynamic viscosity or modulus so that the molecules can freely roll and / or rotate to align the molecules making up the photochromic agent in the direction of the applied potential. The potential is created by two mainly transparent electrodes, each on either side of the layer or optic housing the photochromic agent. By applying a potential to the photochromic agent, it is possible to actively change the performance of the photochromic agent and consequently the darkening of the optical brightening. The structure of Embodiment 7 provides for the generation of heat as well as the potential applied across the photochromic layer.

In an eighth embodiment (eg, see FIG. 7), the composite lens or optic comprises a 2 micron to 5 micron thick scratch-resistant outer layer commercially applied to a lens blank (semifinished or finished product). The layer underneath this hard coat layer, starting from the front of the lens and proceeding to the inner back, is: a layer of photochromic polymer between approximately 25 microns and 200 microns more preferably approximately 30 microns to 125 microns thick, approximately SiO2 layers of 2 microns to 20 microns, more preferably approximately 3 microns to 10 microns thick, ITO heating elements of 0.1 microns to 1.0 microns thick, more preferably 0.1 microns to 0.5 microns thick (they are continuous or hard coated Can be in the form of an oven burner design (see drawing) over the surface of the layer (only SiO2 for example) (the ITO heating element is deposited on the hard coating layer), with 1 micron having a more preferred thickness of 1 micron and 5 microns; The hard coat layer, which may be between 10 microns, the hard coat layer adjacent the bulk thickness matrix constituting most of the lenses to the front of the optic. By way of example only, the optics are MR 10 (manufactured by Mitsui) with a refractive index of 1.67. Since all the layers mentioned above are applied on the front cover of the lens, it is possible to set the curvature for that of the front cover of the lens. This is the front of this optic, because all the layers added to most of the front of the optic are applied in an isometric manner, the back of the optic being of the unfinished surface (if used as such, of the finished lens blank or of the finished product). Of the finished product, if utilized as a lens blank, may also comprise a hard coat and then an antireflective coating may be further applied to the back and front surfaces.

In an experiment utilizing Embodiment # 8, a first photochromic article comprising a photochromic layer comprising a photochromic agent, which contributes to a gray tint, is outdoors under sunlight when the outdoor temperature is 95 ° F. It darkens to its darkest state. The first darkened photochromic article is measured to have a transmission of approximately 30%. The first photochromic article includes a laminate structure as illustrated in FIG. 7. As soon as the first photochromic article darkened to its darkest state, ie approximately 30% transmission outdoors under sunlight, the photochromic article returned to the room with an ambient temperature of 70 ° F. The heating element shown in FIG. 7 was activated immediately upon returning to the room to heat the darkened first photochromic coating layer to a temperature of approximately 120F or to a temperature of 10C higher than the room ambient ambient temperature of 70F for 2 minutes. . The darkened coating (and thus the first photochromic article) brightens or sharpens in its tint color, resulting in 85% light transmission in approximately two minutes. To provide a comparison, the same experiment was repeated with a second photochromic article without activation of the heating element (and therefore without applying heat) and the time to clear up to the light transmission at the same point exceeded 15 minutes. . All variables of this comparison were exactly the same except that the first photochromic article included a heating element.

And that of Embodiment # 8 of the photochromic article comprising a heating element, except that the polymer matrix comprising the first photochromic article has a higher TG than the TG of the second photochromic article. In the same ninth embodiment. Thus, with the photochromic article comprising a photochromic layer comprising a photochromic agent that contributes to darkening of the gray tint to its darkest level outdoors under sunlight when the outdoor temperature is 100 ° F. 8 experiments were repeated. The first fully darkened article is measured to have a transmission of approximately 20%. The first and second photochromic articles comprise a laminate structure as illustrated in FIG. 7. As soon as the first photochromic article darkened in its darkest state, ie approximately 20% transmission outdoors under sunlight, the photochromic article returned to the room with an ambient temperature of 70 ° F. The heating element shown in FIG. 7 was activated immediately upon returning to the room to heat the darkened first photochromic coating layer to a temperature of approximately 120F or 10C higher than the ambient ambient room temperature of 70F for 2 minutes. The darkened coating (and thus the first photochromic article) brightens or sharpens in its tint color, resulting in 85% light transmission in approximately two minutes. To provide a comparison, the same experiment was repeated with a second photochromic article without activation of the heating element (and therefore without applying heat) and the time to clear up to the light transmission at the same point exceeded 15 minutes. . Except for the TG and the heating element of the polymer matrix, all the variables of this comparison were exactly the same. The first photochromic article contained a higher TG polymer matrix housing the heating element and the photochromic agent. The second photochromic article did not contain a heating element and had a lower TG than the TG of the first photochromic article.

In a tenth embodiment, the electronic cooling body is located in the photochromic lens. The electronic coolant is positioned such that its negative or negative electrode faces the back of the lens and the positive or positive electrode faces the photochromic layer. In this embodiment, the heating element is located closer to the lens in front of the photochromic layer and the electronic cooler is located very close if not adjacent to the photochromic layer behind (at the back of the photochromic layer). Thus, a tenth embodiment is directed to heating the photochromic lens, as an example, by slightly softening the matrix of the photochromic layer to speed up the darkening effect if necessary when going from room # 1 indoors and / or; Or # 2 a photochromic lens that becomes hot when entering outdoors from room to room to remove the darkening effects provided by the photochromic layer to speed up the room light transmission or to speed up the tint sharpening time in the other way. Or provide the goods. In addition, the electronic coolant is provided only to maintain the degree of darkening outdoors for a period of time, for example only in a high temperature outdoor environment of 80F or more. See FIG. 17. For cold environments it should be pointed out that it is possible to place the cooling body in front of the photochromic layer and the heating element closer to the lens behind the photochromic layer.

In an eleventh embodiment, a thermally switchable polarizer is located in the photochromic lens. In this eleventh embodiment, the thermally switchable or activated polarizing layer is located behind the photochromic layer. A heating element is located between the photochromic layer and that of the thermally switchable polarizing layer. The thermally switchable layer consists of a polymer dispersed dichroic liquid crystal free of photochromic agents. Photochromic or photochromic agents are incorporated into the photochromic polymer layer. The photochromic layer is located before or in front of the thermally switchable polarizing layer. Thus, the eleventh embodiment is directed to heating the photochromic lens, by way of example only, slightly softening the matrix of the photochromic layer to speed up the darkening effect if necessary when going from room # 1 indoors, and / Or # 2 getting hot when entering the room to remove the darkening effect provided by the photochromic layer to speed up room light transmission or to otherwise speed up the tint sharpening time, and / or # 3 A photochromic lens or article is provided that allows providing heat to thermally convert the polarizing layer when behind a UV blocking or filtering windshield in a vehicle or vehicle.

In addition, the thermally polarized layer may be, for example, a # 1 polarizing layer that reduces glare and reflected light when outdoors outdoors under sunlight other than that of the tint darkening contribution of the photochromic layer, and / or UV blocking or It is provided for a # 2 polarizing layer that can be switched on and off thermally in the absence of the appropriate amount of UV light needed to adequately darken the photochromic layer, such as behind the filtering windshield. See FIG. 18.

The outer protective layer disposed over it of the photochromic layer can be that of non-limiting one of a protective coating, an antiwear coating comprising an organo silane, an antiwear coating comprising a radiation cured acrylate based thin film, silica, titania And / or antiwear coatings based on inorganic materials such as zirconia, organic antiwear coatings of the UV curable type, oxygen barrier coatings, UV barrier coatings, and combinations thereof. For example, the protective coating can include a first coating of the radiation cured acrylate based thin film and a second coating comprising organo-silane. Non-limiting examples of commercial protective coating products, SDC coatings, Inc. And PPG Industries, Inc. Respectively available from SILVUE.RTM. 124 and HI-GARD.RTM coatings.

In a twelfth embodiment, a transparent thermal management system including a heating element is applied to either edged or unedged lenses manufactured with the light output required by the wearer. The heating element of the member may be, for example, that of indium tin oxide, which may be powered or activated by application of electricity or deactivated by removal of electricity (eg, FIGS. 9 and 10). Reference). Any electrically resistive material (including that of a conductive polymer) can be used to make the heating element if it meets the performance of the optic or lens as well as the conductivity, resistance, and transparency of the heating element to it. In addition, as compared with the layer or matrix in which the photochromic agent or photochromic agents are located, if the electrically conductive material is applied in the forward direction toward the front of the lens, the heating element must allow transmission of UV light. This means that amble transmission of UV light is required to collide with the photochromic agent or photochromic agents found in the photochromic lens, and the UV light may collide with the photochromic agent or the photochromic agents. Pass through the heating element before. Therefore, the electrically conductive resistive material utilized in the thermal management system should be selected to transmit enough UV light to cause the photochromic agent to darken its tint.

In some but not all of the twelfth embodiments, an edge processed lens (photochromic lens) comprising a photochromic agent may be worn by a wearer or an optician (they sell eyeglass frames and lenses). It may be ordered from an eyewear store that is not in the eyewear store or optician's office to grind and polish the lenses and then to process the edges into the shape of the eyeglass frame of their choice. It should be pointed out that when lenses of single vision and certain bifocal or progressive lenses are sold in the form of light output of the finished product, there is no need to grind, polish or digitally surface (free form) the prescription lens. Also, in some cases, the optical lab may be located in the eyeglass store. Also, in some cases, the eyewear store or optician may be of commercial location available on the Internet. In still other cases, wearers of photochromic lenses after receiving their photochromic eyeglasses (photochromic lenses and eyeglass frames housing the photochromic lenses) from one of the eyewear stores, opticians, optical laboratories, or the Internet Decide to improve the performance of their photochromic eyewear. In this case, the wearer can send their photochromic eyewear to the converter, where a transparent thermal management system is applied.

One approach for providing a consumer with a photochromic lens with a thermal management system is illustrated in FIG. 30. In a first step 3001, a consumer orders an electronic photochromic lens from an eyecare provider (ECP). In a second step 3002, the wrap processes and edges a standard (without heating element) photochromic blank according to the prescription and sends it to the converter along with the frame. In a third step 3003, the converter converts the lens into a photochromic lens. The converter may add another optional layer, such as an antireflective coating. The converter electrically connects the lens to the controller and mounts the lens in the frame. The converter delivers the lens to the ECP. In a fourth step 3004, the ECP dispenses the lens to the patient. This process is just one of many conversion approaches.

However, the order of the thermal management system follows the following method of adding the thermal management system by the order of any of an eyeglass shop, an optician, a wholesale optical laboratory, the Internet, a lens manufacturer or a wearer. The addition of a thermal management system for the photochromic spectacle lens of the finished product, including the light output of the wearer (both surfaces contain the correct curvature), suggests that "conventional photochromic eyewear Converting it "or" converting the photochromic lens to that of the electronic photochromic lens ".

If a lens comprising a photochromic agent (known as a photochromic lens) is edge processed in some cases, it is coated with an anti-scratch coating if the edge processed lens is not hard coated. In either case, the photochromic lens is ready to accept the transparent thermal management system after edges have been shaped to the required shape for the frame. In some but not all cases, the photochromic lens is carefully cleaned by a known cleaning process at a lens manufacturing plant. In some but not all cases, as soon as the photochromic lens is cleaned, a layer of SiO 2 is applied (by deposition) on its outer surface.

A transparent thermal management system including a heating element is applied on top of the outer front surface of the lens containing the light output required by the wearer. In the case of the twelfth embodiment, either ITO or the conductive polymer coating is applied by vapor deposition in the form of a resistive conductive layer which heats the layer by application of electricity. The heating element may, by way of example only, be shaped like that of an oven burner or a coating covering the entire surface of the lens closest to that of photochromic. Following application of the heating element, an anti-scratch hard coating is applied by dip coating. In some but not all cases, an antireflective coating is then applied on top of the anti-scratch hard coating.

When converting a photochromic lens or lens blank completed with that of the wearer's optical prescription (having the required light output to the wearer) and in some embodiments already coated with an anti-scratch coating on its outer surface, Considering that the outer surface of the lens is carefully cleaned prior to the application of the thermal management system, it should be pointed out that the thermal management system (heating element) is applied directly on top of the surface comprising the anti-scratch coating. In some cases, the outer surface of the scratch resistant coating is chemically etched and in other cases the surface is prepared through ion treatment. Chemical etching and / or ion treatment function to promote adhesion of the thermal management system to the outer surface to which the thermal management system is applied. In certain other embodiments, in most but not all cases where the outermost coating of a photochromic lens or lens blank being converted to that of a photochromic comprising a thermal management system is that of an antireflective coating, The antireflective coating is peeled off before the heating element is applied. Such exfoliation can be accomplished by a chemical bath.

If the heating element was applied to the edged lens, received an anti-scratch coating covering its outer surface, and in some but not all cases, the anti-reflective coating could accommodate the edged lens, Is ready to be connected. The electrical connection may be through a connecting electrode that penetrates its outer surface and connects to the anode and cathode (terminals) of the heating element or through a connecting electrode that connects the anode and cathode through the peripheral edge of the edged lens. In some but not all cases, the connection may only be via, for example, the use of compressible electrical contact, such as that of a conductive rubber, and, if conductive rubber is used, two pieces may be used. The pieces are connected to the anode and cathode (terminals) of the thermal management system. In other cases, a pin loaded by an electrically conductive spring is used, either on the surface of the edged lens or on the peripheral edge of the edged lens. In other cases, on the surface or peripheral edge of the lens that is connected to the positive and negative electrodes (or terminals) of the heating element, an electrically conductive tab is provided, and the conductive electrode is connected to the electrical tab. In another case, a conductive polymer or conductive epoxy is utilized.

Once the electrical connection is made, the edge processed photochromic lens including the heating element is mounted on the spectacle frame that has been selected by the wearer. In some cases, this frame will be that of a frame containing an electronic device (known as an electronic frame) (see, eg, FIG. 12). In other cases, the frame is that of a non-electronic frame, and an external electrical module or adapter (see, for example, FIGS. 14 and 15) is applied inside one or both legs of the spectacle frame. In certain embodiments, one external module can operate on both photochromic lenses that include a thermal management system. In another embodiment, one external module is utilized for each of the two photochromic lenses housed within the non-electronic spectacle frame. If one external module is utilized to electrically connect both photochromic lenses, the electrical leads must be applied or attached to the non-electronic frame to provide proper electrical connectivity.

12 illustrates photochromic eyewear 1200 with a thermal management system. Electrical component 1210 is illustrated as being housed in spectacles 1220 of eyewear. Electrical connection 1230 electrically connects electrical component 1220 to lens 1240. Electrical component 1210 is illustrated as being housed in two spectacles of eyewear. However, all electrical components 1210 may be housed in a single location, and the electrical connection is made from both lenses from that location. Lens 1240 includes at least one photochromatic layer and at least one heating layer, and may have any or related structures of the particular structures described herein.

13 illustrates photochromic eyewear 1300 with a thermal management system. Electrical component 1310 is illustrated as being housed therein around photochromic lens 1320. In this embodiment, the spectacle frame need not include an electrical component. Lens 1320 includes at least one photochromatic layer and at least one heating layer, and may have any or related structures of the specific structures described herein.

14 illustrates one way in which the electronic device is housed in eyewear and electrically connected to a photochromic lens having a heating element. Eyewear 1400 includes eyeglasses 1410. The spectacles 1410 are connected to the photochromic lens 1420 by the spectacles hinge 1415. The nose bridge 1425 connects the lens 1420 to another lens (not shown). The inside of the left spectacles 1410 and the back of the lens 1420 are illustrated. The electronics are housed in a standalone module 1430, which may be external to the leg 1410 or may be embedded within the leg 1414. Module 1430 houses controller 1432. The controller 1432 is electrically connected to the optical sensor 1431, the switch 1333, the battery 1434, and the induction coil 1435. In response to the inputs from the photosensor 1431 and the switch 1435, the controller 1432 supplies power to the heater in the lens 1420. The module 1430 is electrically connected to the lens 1420 by an electronic flex cable 1440 having at least two leads, an insulated lead 1450, and a conductive rubber 1460.

15 illustrates details of the connection of an electronics module to a photochromic lens having a heating element. Module 1500 includes a sealed housing 1510. The housing 1510 has a transparent window 120 to allow light to reach the sensor inside the housing 1510. Housing 1510 may house any suitable combination of electronics. One suitable combination of electronics is illustrated in FIG. 14. An electronic flex cable 1530 having two leads 1535 transmits a signal from the housing 1510 to the flexible insulated leads 1540. Lead 1540 is electrically connected to conductive rubber 1550 and, as illustrated by line 1590, finally to the edge of the transparent electrode layer. The heating element 1559 of FIG. 15 includes a first electrode 1561, a photochromic layer 1562, and a second electrode 1563. When powered, a voltage is applied across photochromic layer 1562.

FIG. 27 shows a photograph of a pair of spectacles 2710 having an embedded electronics module 2720. Coin 2730 is also shown for size comparison.

28 shows a top view of a portion of the eyeglasses having a clip on an electronics module. The spectacles 2810 include spectacles 2850 and a lens 2860. The clip on module 2820 is clipped on the glasses leg 2820. Electrical connection is provided between the module 2820 and the lens 2860 by a flexible cable 2830 and an electronic lead 2840.

FIG. 29 illustrates a module adapted to provide electronics performance to glasses in combination with ordinary glasses having non-electronic frames. The module 2910 may house an electronic device and be attached to the spectacle frame. Flexible cable 2920 and electronic leads 2930 may be used to transfer signals and / or power from the module to the lenses in the frame.

The first method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 3: Apply the thermal management system including the heating element to the edged lens

Step # 4: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 5: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 6: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

31 is a flowchart of the first method of Embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 6 are illustrated in boxes 3110, 3120, 3130, 3140, 3150 and 3160.

The second method of embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Apply a thermal management system that includes a heating element to the lens of the raw but finished product

Step # 3: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 4: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 5: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 6: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

32 is a flow chart of a second method of embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 6 are illustrated in boxes 3210, 3220, 3230, 3240, 3250 and 3260.

A third method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Apply a thermal management system that includes a heating element to the lens of the raw but finished product

Step # 3: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 4: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 5: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 6: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

33 is a flowchart of the third method of embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 6 are illustrated in boxes 3310, 3320, 3330, 3340, 3350 and 3360.

A fourth method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 3: Clean the photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 4: Apply the thermal management system including the heating element to the edged lens

Step # 5: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 6: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 7: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

34 is a flowchart of the fourth method of embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 7 are illustrated in boxes 3410, 3420, 3430, 3440, 3450, 3460 and 3470.

A fifth method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Step # 2: Clean the photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 3: Apply a thermal management system containing heating elements to the lens of the raw but finished product

Step # 4: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 5: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 6: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 7: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

35 is a flowchart of the fifth method of Embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 7 are illustrated in boxes 3510, 3520, 3530, 3540, 3550, 3560 and 3570.

A sixth method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Clean the photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 3: Apply a thermal management system containing heating elements to the lens of the raw but finished product

Step # 4: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 5: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 6: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 7: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

36 is a flowchart of a sixth method of Embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 7 are illustrated in boxes 3610, 3620, 3630, 3640, 3650, 3660 and 3670.

The seventh method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 3: Clean the photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 4: Apply a layer of SiO2 on the surface of the photochromic lens, whereby a heating element is applied

Step # 5: Apply the thermal management system including the heating element to the edged lens

Step # 6: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 7: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 8: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

37 is a flowchart of the seventh method of Embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 8 are illustrated in boxes 3810, 3820, 3830, 3840, 3850, 3860, 3870 and 3880.

An eighth method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Clean the photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 3: Apply a layer of SiO2 on the surface of the photochromic lens, whereby a heating element is applied

Step # 4: Apply a thermal management system that includes a heating element to the lens of the raw but finished product

Step # 5: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 6: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 7: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 8: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

38 is a flowchart of the eighth method of Embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 8 are illustrated in boxes 3810, 3820, 3830, 3840, 3850, 3860, 3870 and 3880.

A ninth method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Clean the photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 3: Apply a layer of SiO2 on the surface of the photochromic lens, whereby a heating element is applied

Step # 4: Apply a thermal management system that includes a heating element to the lens of the raw but finished product

Step # 5: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 6: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 7: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 8: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

39 is a flowchart of the ninth method of Embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 8 are illustrated in boxes 3910, 3920, 3930, 3940, 3950, 3960, 3970 and 3980.

The tenth method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 3: Apply a layer of SiO2 on the surface of the photochromic lens, whereby a heating element is applied

Step # 4: Apply the thermal management system including the heating element to the edged lens

Step # 5: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 6: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 7: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

40 is a flowchart of the tenth method of Embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 7 are illustrated in boxes 4010, 4020, 4030, 4040, 4050, 4060 and 4070.

An eleventh method as taught through Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Applying a layer of SiO2 on the surface of the photochromic lens, by which a heating element is applied

Step # 3: Apply a thermal management system containing heating elements to the lens of the raw but finished product

Step # 4: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 5: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 6: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 7: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

FIG. 41 is a flowchart of the eleventh method of Embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 7 are illustrated in boxes 4110, 4120, 4130, 4140, 4150, 4160 and 4170.

A twelfth method as taught by Embodiment 12 is as follows:

Step # 1: provide a photochromic lens containing the light output required by the wearer

Step # 2: Applying a layer of SiO2 on the surface of the photochromic lens, by which a heating element is applied

Step # 3: Apply a thermal management system containing heating elements to the lens of the raw but finished product

Step # 4: Apply a scratch resistant coating on the outer surface of the heating element

Step # 5: In some but not all cases, apply an antireflective coating

Step # 6: Edge the photochromic lens into the shape of the spectacle frame selected by the wearer

Step # 7: electrically connect the positive and negative poles of the heating element to the energy source

42 is a flow chart of a twelfth method of embodiment 12. FIG. Steps 1 through 7 are illustrated in boxes 4210, 4220, 4230, 4240, 4250, 4260 and 4270.

For the twelfth method disclosed above for Embodiment 12, the steps must be performed in the order listed. Other orders may be used in other embodiments.

Application of the thermal management system may be provided by an optical laboratory at the location of the eyewear store or through an independent facility that includes the necessary deposition and electronics facilities.

It should be understood that the optics disclosed herein can be that of a finished product lens blank or a semi finished product lens blank. The lens can be that of the final lens, meaning that it is processed or manufactured at the light output required by the wearer. If it is that of a semi-finished lens blank, the blank is surfaced and polished or free form or digitally surfaced to achieve the final light output or required prescription. Following this, it is edged and mounted to the spectacles or spectacle frame that contain the electronics required to enable the heating element. If the electronics are located outside the lens and not the heating element, the electronics housed in the glasses must be electrically connected to that of the heating element located in the lens or lens blank. In some other cases, the electronics may all be integrated into an optic, lens or lens blank. The lens blank can be processed with any optical prescription required for the wearer, including that of piano light output.

Optics or optical structures suitable for use as the optical substrate of the photochromic article may, by way of example only, include (a) any plastic optical substrate known in the art and may include a non-plastic substrate such as glass. have. Suitable examples of plastic optical substrates are, by way of example only, MR7, MR8, MR10 (trademarked by Mitsui Corporation), polyol (allyl carbonate) monomers such as allyl diglycol carbonate such as diethylene glycol bis (allyl Carbonate), this monomer is sold under the trade name CR.RTM.-39 by PPG Industries, Inc .; Polyurea-polyurethane (polyurea urethane) polymers, which are prepared, for example, by the reaction of an isocyanate-functional polyurethane prepolymer with a diamine curing agent, the composition for this polymer being the trademark TRIVEX by the PPG industry, Inc. .RTM. Commercially available under; Polyol (meth) acryloyl terminated carbonate monomers; Diethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers; Ethoxylated phenol methacrylate monomers; Diisopropenyl benzene monomers; Ethoxylated trimethylol propane triacrylate monomers; Ethylene glycol bismethacrylate monomers; Poly (ethylene glycol) bismethacrylate monomers; Urethane acrylate monomers; Poly (ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate); Poly (vinyl acetate); Poly (vinyl alcohol); Poly (vinyl chloride); Poly (vinylidene chloride); Polyethylene; Polypropylene; Polyurethane; Polythiourethane; Carbonate-bonded resins derived from thermoplastic polycarbonates such as bisphenol A and phosgene, one such material is commercially available under the trademark LEXAN; Polyesters such as materials sold under the trademark MYLAR; Poly (ethylene terephthalate); Polyvinyl butyral; Poly (methyl methacrylate) such as polyepisulphide monomers, polyisocyanates, which are commercially available under the trademark PLEXIGLAS, and polyfunctional isocyanates, either polythiol or homopolymerized or co- and / or tripolymerized with polythiol , Polyisothiocyanates, and optionally polymers prepared by reflecting with ethylenically unsaturated monomers or halogenated aromatic containing vinyl monomers. Also, for example, to form interpenetrating reticulated products, copolymers of such monomers and mixtures of the polymers described and of other polymers of the copolymers are contemplated.

The photochromic material used in the optical article of the embodiment may be attached to the optical substrate by absorption as discussed above. Also, the photochromic agent may be microencapsulated in a liquid such as oil only by way of example and surrounded by an outer polymer shell. Alternatively, the photochromic material may be applied to the optical substrate as a coating composition to form at least a partial photochromic coating on the surface of the optical substrate. Non-limiting examples of conventional photochromic coatings include coatings comprising any of the conventional photochromic compounds discussed in detail above. For example, but not by way of limitation, photochromic coatings include photochromic polyurethane coatings such as those described in US Pat. No. 6,187,444; Photochromic aminoplast resin coatings such as those described in US Pat. Nos. 4,756,973, 6,432,544, and 6,506,488; Photochromic polysilane coatings such as those described in US Pat. No. 4,556,605; Photochromic poly (meth) acrylate coatings such as those described in US Pat. Nos. 6,602,603, 6,150,430 and 6,025,026 and in WIPO Publication WO 01/02449; Polyanhydride photochromic coatings such as those described in US Pat. No. 6,436,525; Photochromic polyacrylamide coatings such as those described in US Pat. No. 6,060,001; Photochromic epoxy resin coatings such as those described in US Pat. Nos. 4,756,973 and 6,268,055; And photochromic poly (urea-urethane) coatings such as those described in US Pat. No. 6,531,076. The specification of the above mentioned US patents and international patents is specifically incorporated herein by reference.

Through various embodiments disclosed herein, it should be understood that the photochromic agent may be any photochromic agent or that of photochromic agents. These drugs and their chemical and material compositions are well known and described in the literature. Such photochromic agents are those, and by way of example only, the photochromic agent may be any photochromic compound known to those skilled in the art. The term "photochromic agent" is given its general meaning in the prior art and refers to any compound which exhibits a reversible change in color upon exposure to light. In some cases, the light is ultraviolet light and / or long wavelength blue light. Photochromic agents may also include materials of the following classes: chromene (eg, naphthopyrans, 30 benzopyrans, indenonaphthopyrans, phenanthropyrans), spiropyranes (eg, spiro (benzindoline) ) Naphthopyran, spiro (indoline) benzopyran, spiro (indoline) naphtopyran, spiro (indoline) quinopyran, spiro (indoline) pyran, oxazine (e.g., spiro (indoline) naph Earth Photo, Spiro (Indoline) pyridobenzoxazine, Spiro (Benzindoline) Pyridobenzoxazine, Spiro (Benzindoline) Naphthoxazine, Spiro (Indolin Benzoxazine), Mercury Ditzozate, Pulziide , Pulgilimide, etc., or combinations thereof In certain embodiments, the photochromic agent is 6 '-(2,3dihydro-IH-indol-l-yl) -1, 3-dihydro-3,3- Dimethyl 1-I-propyl-spiro [2H-indole-2,3 '-(3H) naphtha (2, lb) (1,4) oxazine, spiro-naphthooxazine.

As discussed herein, "photochromic amount" means an amount of photochromic agent that is at least sufficient to produce a naked eye identifiable photochromic effect upon activation. The concentration of the photochromic agent in the polymerizable mixture is determined by the photochromic efficiency of the photochromic compound, (e.g., solubility of the photochromic compound in the polymerizable material, material or article (e.g. lens)). It may be chosen based on a number of considerations, such as thickness and the desired darkness of the material or article (eg lens) when exposed to light, typically, the more photochromic agents incorporated into the article, The strength is greater to a certain limit In general, there may be a point where the addition of more photochromic agents has no noticeable effect The polymerizable mixture or article may comprise more than one photochromic agent. In addition, the concentration of the photochromic agent in the article or material may vary at different locations of the article, as described herein. In the state, it is possible to provide a different photochromic mikje having different spectra, which in addition to speed up the effect of carcinogenesis and extension of life, it may be allowed to change the color of the final emPower! Finished lens.

The photochromic agent may be found in a layer, layers embedded near or adjacent to or within the optic. The layer, layers, or optics comprising the photochromic agent may be made of a material that provides optimum or desired sensitivity to appropriate TG (glass transition temperature or material softening point) and heat to provide optimum performance. Materials having various TGs are known in the industry and taught in the literature. Embodiments contemplate photochromic polymer matrix TG (of the photochromic layer or optic) in the range of 30C to 140C, preferably 50C to 100C. It is desirable not only to provide heat to actively change the desired photochromic performance, but also to remove the heat to maintain the level of photochromic activation or reactivation at the desired level once the desired photochromic performance is reached. This is preferable because By way of example only, upon heating towards a tinted or sharpened state in the room, the heating element is turned off to save battery or electrical power. When the heater is used for the first time outside, the heating element preferably does not heat the matrix to the point where bleaching occurs.

This is certainly the case when going out (outside), not when coming in from the outside. By turning on the heating element or member when exiting from the inside, the darkening of the photochromic agent and / or the optics is accelerated, and the peak darkening is maintained assuming that the heating element is turned off immediately after or immediately before the peak darkening is achieved. In most indoor environments, the photochromic tint is preferably removed as soon as possible. Thus, when coming in from the outside, the heating element or member is turned on again, but assuming that it is an indoor environment, the turning of the heating element or member is not so time sensitive. However, as indicated above through the embodiment, when going out in the sunny outdoors, not only does it quickly switch to that of the darkened photochromic state, but also maintains the level of the darkened photochromic state and even sees this state. It is desirable that the thing becomes darker. Thus, in this outdoor environment, the heating element is turned on, but immediately after a certain level of darkening or light blocking is achieved, so that the chemistry of the material housing the photochromic agent and / or photochromic agent is It is possible to stabilize one's own photochromic activity at this level or to increase his own photochromic activity or obstruction from this level.

Embodiments disclosed herein, act only as that of the accelerator for photochromic activity, by way of example only (darkens faster, maintains long term peak darkening, and brightens faster). This is achieved through the following combinations: 1) a heating element, 2) a suitable timing combination of turning on and off of the heating element 3) a suitable photochromic chemistry and 4) a TG of a suitable material housing the photochromic agent. One or more of the sensor, sensors, timer, timers, controller, controllers help to enable optimization of its intended use of the photochromic optic.

It is known that the lower the TG of the material housing the photochromic agent, the faster the lens will change when going indoors to outdoors or vice versa. The problem is that low TG material will not maintain its maximum peak in high outdoor heat. Embodiments disclosed herein allow the ability to provide darkening and brightening effects to lenses or optics much faster than previously possible. In contrast to that of a low TG material housing a photochromic agent that bleaches in a high temperature environment and lowers the darkening effect, embodiments disclosed herein maintain the peak maximum darkness in a high temperature outdoor environment through application of a heating element. It provides a proprietary way that allows the use of high TG materials to quickly switch or alter the darkening or brightening of the photochromic agent.

This is a preferred embodiment of the teachings disclosed herein. Current photochromic manufacturers continue to seek to find an acceptable balance of photochromic conversion times in the interior of the same article as the polymer matrix TG of an article. Embodiments only allow the use of higher TGs than those provided in commercially available products used indoors and outdoors, such as spectacle lenses, for example. Current commercially available photochromic agents or polymer matrix TG comprising photochromic agents are in the range of 40C to 80C. Embodiments disclosed herein allow for 80C to 90C and higher polymer matrix TG while providing faster transition times in the outdoors and indoors. By TG of these materials, bleaching of the photochromic tint occurs at higher temperatures compared to that of currently available photochromic lenses. Thus, they are less sensitive to temperature and allow darker and longer lasting tints at higher ambient temperatures.

By way of example only, if the TG of an existing photochromic material is 50C / 122F, it may begin to bleach at an internal matrix temperature of 40C / 104F (not an external atmosphere). By way of example only, the embodiment allows the use of 80C / 176F TG to begin bleaching at a higher internal matrix temperature of 70C / 158F compared to that of 40C / 104F. For clarity, it should be noted that when in sunny outdoors, if the ambient outdoor temperature is that of 95F / 35C (only as an example), the internal polymer matrix temperature will far exceed 95F / 35C. Again, the embodiment allows the use of a matrix material that contains a higher TG than commercially available and acceptable photochromic products, because of the photochromic bleaching and therefore of the indoor photochromic tint. This is because the heating element provides the ability to heat the matrix material to allow rapid sharpening. This high TG matrix, combined with a heating element, then allows darker, less temperature-dependent photochromic tints outdoors and faster sharpening indoors.

In certain embodiments, utilizing higher TG material, the heating element is briefly turned on when going from indoors to outdoors. The heating element may, by way of example only, respond to a sensor or sensors that sense one or more of a change in UV light level, a level of UV light, and / or a visible light level, a level of ambient temperature, a change in ambient temperature. May be instructed to turn on. The heating element starts to soften the high TG matrix and heats the photochromic layer to increase the mobility of the photochromic agent or photochromic agents. In this embodiment, the heating preferably does not proceed to the level where bleaching begins to occur. Thus, the heater is carefully controlled to turn on and then turn off for a defined period, or to turn off immediately after the thermal sensor senses that the photochromic layer has reached a predetermined temperature below its TG. The result of this brief heating is to allow the higher TG matrix to speed up the darkening of the photochromic agent or photochromic agents. Once darker, the higher TG matrix will be less sensitive to temperature and thus maintain its darkness at longer and higher outdoor temperatures, compared to the lower TG matrix.

Once again from the outdoors to the room, the heating element is turned on again, but this time it is heated to a higher level and / or for longer periods of time and the photochromic layer is heated to or near its softening point so that the layer or optic is clearest. Until it is bright and bleached. Again, by way of example only, a sensor or sensors that sense one or more of a change in UV light level, a level of UV light, and / or a visible light level, a level of ambient temperature, a change in ambient temperature, may communicate with the controller to The heater can be turned on when going from room to room. Also, if the lens or optics are bleached and bleached to a level acceptable to the consumer or wearer, the same sensor can turn off the heater again. The point at which the heater is turned off may be controlled by one or more of, for example, a timer, a UV sensor, a visible light sensor, a thermal sensor. In addition, the thermal polarizing layer can be thermally switched on and off by one or more of the same sensors, timers and / or controllers. The thermal switch is activated by the heating element and / or the cooling element.

The following table shows the various TG ranges, darkening and sharpening times of photochromic products commercially available today.

Outdoor temperature 95F / 35C Commercially available Embodiments disclosed herein Material TG range 40C ~ 70C Up to 120C Outdoor darkening time 1 ~ 2 minutes Less than 1 minute Darkening penetration 25% ~ 35% transmission 15% ~ 25% penetration Indoor sharpening time up to 80% transmission 6 to 15 minutes 2 minutes or less * Coolant Option no Yes Heating element present no Yes Tint color in gray or brown Yes Yes

It should be pointed out that the embodiment can speed up the time of sharpening the photochromic tint in that room with less than 1 minute, even less than 30 seconds. The rate of sharpening can be accelerated one step faster, depending on the TG of the heating element and matrix, which provides a higher temperature to the photochromic layer. The lower TG matrix is cleared much faster than the high TG matrix by the application of heat. In addition, by providing a heating temperature in excess of 60C, by way of example only will accelerate the sharpening of the photochromic tint much faster than that of the 50C heating temperature.

In certain embodiments, in addition to the higher TG matrix and the heating element, a coolant or layer is provided. This allows to maintain the polymer matrix TG of this embodiment for a long time at a temperature below its bleaching point, allowing the photochromic article or lens to become darker and more stable to temperature.

By way of example only, in certain uses or applications, such as wearing photochromic glasses generally behind that of a windshield of a vehicle or vehicle, the level of darkening of the glasses or the photochromic activity is intended for all purposes. The windshield of is very low, if any, due to filtering the ultraviolet light wavelength. By utilizing the embodiments and by turning on the heating element, this embodiment is not completely filtered by the photochromic agent by the wavelength of the longer light, as well as by the windshield of the vehicle or vehicle, for example just by way of UV light. It is more sensitive and active even for long wavelength blue light. In addition, if a thermally switchable polarizer or layer is also provided, the heating element can be used to thermally switch on the polarizer or layer to reduce the reflected light. Thermally switchable polarizers or layers may be used with or without the photochromic layer or optics. In certain embodiments in which the photochromic agent or photochromic agents cannot be properly activated or darkened, the thermally switchable polarizer provides comfort to the human eye through reducing glare or reflected light. When not under sunlight or UV light, heat may be provided through the heating elements taught herein to convert thermally switchable polarizers. By way of example only, if heat is required to be applied by a heating element for use for an extended period of time, behind that of the windshield of the vehicle, while the vehicle's internal air conditioner is in operation, some embodiments may only, by way of example, It provides for connecting electronic photochromic eyewear to a cigarette lighter. This allows the charge of the battery housed in the electronic photochromic eyewear to not be consumed. Therefore, by combining turn-on and turn-off of the heating element, it is possible to greatly improve the performance of the electronic photochromic glasses when wearing the photochromic glasses (behind the windshield) in the vehicle or the vehicle.

In this embodiment, an electrical or electromechanical switch is provided to sense the eyeglasses and / or the controller and to react to and from it going in or out from the outside, when inside, only by way of example, UV blocking of the vehicle. Switch the heating element on when it is behind the windshield. The switch may be that of a manual switch, a touch switch, a capacitor switch, an optical switch. For this particular use / application of wearing photochromic glasses or eyewear behind it of a UV and / or long wavelength blue light filtering windshield, the heating element is that of an embodiment comprising going inwards or outwards. It is turned on and off more frequently or remains on longer. This is, in some but not all cases, when heat is to be applied for a longer period of time and / or in alternating manner to maintain the proper sensitivity of the photochromic agent to the long wavelength UV light wavelength behind the UV filtering windshield. When it is applicable to switch it on of a thermally switchable polarizer or layer. As discussed in this patent application, whether heat is applied in a # 1) long term or # 2) alternating manner is determined by the fact that heat being applied in either # 1 or # 2 is in the form of a sudden burst of thermal energy or thermal energy. It should be understood that it may be in the form of a series of bursts.

The controller is programmed to provide management of the mechanism of action. In most but not all cases, the controller takes communication from a sensor that is one of a thermal sensor, a light sensor, and a UV sensor. The controller also controls the timer in certain cases; By way of example only, if a timer is used to cycle on and off over a continuous period or for a specific period, or over a continuous period or while taking into account the temperature of the optic substrate material comprising the photochromic agent. When a timer is used to cycle on and off for a period of time (on, off, on, off, etc.). The timer is used to cycle on and off over a continuous period or for a specific period, while taking into account the level of light transmission through the optics and the like. The timer may or may not communicate with the controller.

The predominantly transparent heating element can be located in a layer, layers, or adjacent to the variable tint element or variable tint agent. In a preferred embodiment, the heating element is located on the side of the layer or optic containing the photochromic agent closest to or in the UV light wave that is closest to the user's eye. In another preferred embodiment, two heating elements are used, one on each side of the layer or optic comprising the photochromic agent. In another embodiment, one heating element comprises a photochromic agent and is located on the side of the layer or optic closest to the incident UV and / or long wavelength blue light. It is known that an increase in temperature of 5 C increases the rate of mutual change of photochromic molecules by 25% to 80%, preferably 35% -60%. The heating element, by way of example only, provides thermal energy in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 joules / minute, with a preferred range of 0.1 to 2.0 joules / minute, which is indicated by a temperature rise in the range of 1C to 25C, more preferably 7C to 10C. . For eyeglass applications, 1.2 joules per lens provided a 10C temperature rise. The heating element may be controlled by the microprocessor to provide a preprogrammed timed sequence of electrical bursts resulting in a series of thermal bursts of heat. The burst may be maintained for a defined period or may be sequenced to be that of a sudden series of timed bursts. In addition, the embodiment contemplates manual control of the heating element, which allows the wearer to turn the heating element on and off manually. When using a manually controlled heating element, the heating element can be programmed again to provide a constant burst or a sequence of bursts that are maintained until turned off.

The heating element can generally raise the temperature of the layer, matrix or optics containing the photochromic agent by a temperature of 1C to 25C. The 10C increase in temperature above the ambient room temperature of 70F has a significant effect on speeding up the sharpening of the photochromic lens, such as that of Transitions (manufactured by Transitions Optical). By way of example only, this is even more pronounced in winter, especially when the outdoor ambient temperature is cold, such as below 70F, and with an outdoor ambient temperature below 32F. In these outdoor temperature environments, the photochromic article will have an outdoor ambient temperature over time. With this cooler temperature, the photochromic article will take an even longer time to clarify when entering the room. Therefore, under these temperature conditions, the heating element has a significant effect in speeding the sharpening or brightening of the photochromic tint when entering the room.

The controller may be located in the optics, on the surface of the optics, and outside of the optics. The light sensor or detector senses a change in light transmission to turn on the heating element the first time it goes in from the inside out or the outside out. The controller may turn off the heater if the temperature rise of the layer or optics comprising the photochromic agent rises by that of 1C to 25 ° C. When the sensor detects that the light transmission falls below 50% light transmission when going from indoor to outdoor, the controller can turn off the heater, and when going in from the outside, the light transmission rises above 80% light transmission. If the sensor detects that the controller can turn off the heating element. In certain embodiments, a UV sensor is provided such that the level of UV light is sensed and thereby communicated with the controller to cause the controller to turn on and turn off the heating element. The use of long wavelength UV and blue light sensors (380-480 nanometers) is extremely helpful when going in from indoors to outdoors and from outside. In most but not all cases, the sensor communicates (directly or indirectly) with the controller when either the UV light or the long wavelength blue light transmission varies within the range of 5% to 30%. If a sensor is used, the UV sensor is generally, but not always, located on one side of the photochromic material that is located closest to the incident UV and long wavelength blue light and farthest from the user's eye.

The timer may be part of the controller or may be separate for the controller. When separated relative to the controller, the timer may be located within the optics, on the surface of the optics and external to the optics. It is to be understood that the term timer can be that of any timing element, mechanism or software, whether inside the controller or outside the controller. The timer may communicate to the controller to turn off the heating element after a period of 1 millisecond to 5 minutes if the thermal sensor detects a temperature rise within the range of 1C to 25C of the layer or optic comprising the photochromic agent. In addition, a timer can be provided for bursts of a rapid sequence or a series of short thermal energies, each of which will have a peak at a temperature that will have the desired thermal effect.

The sensor may be located within the optics, on the surface of the optics, and outside of the optics. The sensor may be that of a light sensor or a light detector, a thermal sensor, a UV light sensor, a long wavelength blue light sensor. In a preferred embodiment, the light sensor or light detector is located behind the layer or optics comprising the photochromic agent. In another preferred embodiment, the light sensor is provided upwards to measure ambient light from above. This allows to measure the degree or intensity of the ambient light. In this case, the optical sensor can sense the difference between the intensity of the indoor light and the outdoor light, in contrast to the light coming through the photochromic agent or lens or optics comprising the photochromic agents. By knowing by sensing whether the device is outdoors or indoors, the controller will know when to activate the heater and thermal management system. The light sensor may be that of a UV light sensor, and / or a visible light sensor. If desired, multiple light sensors can be used.

If a thermal sensor is used, the thermal sensor will sense the temperature level of one or more of a heating element, an optic, a photochromic layer or a photochromic optic. Upon sensing that a predetermined temperature has been achieved, the controller can turn on or turn off the heating element or member and / or increase or decrease the heat of the heating element. The thermal sensor may be located on both sides of the layer or optics comprising the photochromic agent. The thermal sensor may be utilized in addition to that of the optical sensor. In another preferred embodiment, the thermal sensor is located adjacent to it of the photochromic layer. A power source that provides electrical energy can be located within the optics, on the surface of the optics, or external to the optics. The power source may be one or more of rechargeable batteries, rechargeable batteries, non-rechargeable batteries, non-rechargeable batteries, solar cells, solar cells, fuel cells, fuel cells, kinetic energy sources, kinetic energy sources (examples only) As). Note: In certain embodiments, the power source and / or electrical component is located in or on a component or components of the spectacle frame, and in other embodiments, the power source is located in the spectacle lens, and in another embodiment, the power source Is located in both the spectacle frame and the lens.

In one preferred embodiment, all of the electronics required to properly provide energy, sensing, control and timing are located in a module housed in the spectacles of the spectacle frame. In another preferred embodiment, the predetermined electronics are housed in a module housed in the spectacles of the spectacle frame and the predetermined electronics are located outside the module on the surface of the spectacle frame or on or within the lens.

In another preferred embodiment, which is the embodiment of FIGS. 14 and 15, a standalone external electronics module is attached on the inside of the spectacles of the spectacle frame. The manner in which it may be attached may be by way of example only, such as a magnet, adhesive, velcro, screw, mechanical pressure or force. In this embodiment, the standalone electronics module includes all (or most) of the required electronics and provides a high moisture resistant barrier to the external environment. The standalone external electronics module also includes that of an optical sensor housed within the standalone electronics module and positioned to sense through a transparent but moisture resistant sealed window that is also located as part of the standalone module for sensing the level of ambient light. The light sensor may be that of a UV light sensor, and / or a visible light sensor.

The standalone external electronics module further includes a flexible insulating member protruding from the standalone external module and comprising two electrical leads, the two electrical leads being connected directly or directly to the electronics in the external highly moisture resistant electronics module. Indirectly) is also connected. The manner in which this flexible member (only as an example of an insulated electronic flexible cable) enters or connects to a stand-alone external module again provides a sealed moisture resistant connection. The two electrical leads protrude out at the ends of the flexible member away from the standalone external electronics module. These two electrical leads are then connected to a heating element contained within the electronic photochromic lens to provide the required power.

This preferred embodiment of FIGS. 14 and 15 allows mounting of an electronic photochromic lens on a non-electronic spectacle frame, which means a spectacle frame that does not include an electronic device. By attaching a standalone, external, highly moisture resistant, flameproof and cold resistant electronics module to the spectacles of an eyeglass frame without electronics and / or with no electronic connection, this preferred embodiment provides the required / required power and The electrical connection is provided to a heating element located within the photochromic lens housed within the non-electronic spectacle frame. This is accomplished by passing the hinge of the spectacle frame with an insulating flexible member that allows the spectacle frame legs to be extended and folded while maintaining the electrical connection to the photochromic lens. Although FIG. 14 shows that of a rechargeable battery source, such a battery may be non-rechargeable, or the power source (instead of a battery) may, for example only, be a fuel cell and / or a solar cell, or a rechargeable battery, a non-rechargeable battery, fuel. It should be pointed out that any combination of one or more of cells, solar cells, and kinetic energy sources may be employed.

Embodiment using a liquid crystal variable tint element

By thermally controlling the polymer in the liquid crystal cell at its TG, above and below the TG, the liquid crystal is such that the cell becomes a bistable cell in terms of power requirements and a multiple stable alignment cell in terms of liquid crystal alignment. Can be controlled actively. As used herein, multi-stable orientation means controlling the liquid crystal such that upon attaining the desired orientation of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal can be actively held in position or released from that position. By way of example only, if a temperature of the polymer is at or above the TG of the polymer and a potential is applied to the liquid crystal cell such that the liquid crystal alignment or positioning is redirected by any amount, the new alignment or position of the liquid crystal is determined by the temperature of the polymer. Can be fixed by lowering it below TG and later released by raising the temperature of the polymer to or above that TG to further alter its alignment or orientation, or rearrange to its initial position. have. Also, if the liquid crystal is fixed, the potential can be removed (power is turned off) and the liquid crystal will remain in its fixed alignment or position.

Thus, the attributes of the embodiments allow the device to be made to provide, by way of example only, one or more of the following: # 1) bistable (on & off), # 2) multiple stable liquid crystal alignment, # 3) selective tuning of the refractive index of the liquid crystal, # 4) selective tuning of the birefringence, # 5) making most of the liquid crystals bistable if not all, # 6) power saving, thus, more energy efficient # 7) can be molded when the liquid crystal is fixed (under the TG of the polymer) without fear of leakage and functional breakdown or compromise of the liquid crystal, # 8) the liquid crystal device having a plurality of different regions including the liquid crystal As a capability of making, each of the plurality of different regions has a different desired liquid crystal alignment or positioning, which is done with or without walls between the regions, # 9) providing means for generating a refractive index gradient, # 10) Provide a means for increasing the robust stability of the memory device over a temperature range, increasing the memory storage of each pixel while maintaining a megahertz level or higher speed, thereby increasing the conversion speed or rate. Appearing as increased bandwidth without overcompromising.

Embodiments disclosed herein allow a liquid crystal cell or cells to comprise a polymer such that the liquid crystal cell is bistable and the bistable of the liquid crystal cell is such that the polymer is such that it is below, above, or above the TG of the polymer. It is mainly controlled by controlling the temperature of the. These embodiments further provide for thermally controlling the polymer in the liquid crystal cell at, above, and below the TG. This allows the liquid crystal cell to be actively controlled such that the cell becomes a bistable cell in terms of power and multiple stable cells in terms of liquid crystal alignment. As used herein, multi-stable means controlling the liquid crystal such that upon attaining the desired orientation of the liquid crystal, the liquid crystal can be actively held in or released from the position. By way of example only, if a temperature of the polymer is at or above the TG of the polymer and a potential is applied to the liquid crystal cell such that the liquid crystal alignment or positioning is redirected by any amount, the new alignment or position of the liquid crystal is determined by the temperature of the polymer. Can be fixed by lowering it below TG and later released by raising the temperature of the polymer to or above that TG to further alter its alignment or orientation, or rearrange to its initial position. have. Also, if the liquid crystal is fixed, the potential can be removed (power is turned off) and the liquid crystal will remain in its fixed alignment or position.

Depending on the application and the type of liquid crystal used accordingly, for example, the bistable stability of the cholesteric or pneumatic is achieved by the polymer to stabilize the liquid crystal in one orientation and / or alignment when under the TG of the polymer. And stabilize the liquid crystals in different orientations and / or alignments when on or above the TG of the polymer. The term monomer stabilized liquid crystal as used herein may be that of a polymer stabilized liquid crystal.

Alignment is greatly affected by the alignment layer or layers. By way of example only, in certain embodiments, a potential is applied when the temperature of the polymer that stabilizes the polymer stabilized liquid crystal is at or above the TG of the polymer. The potential provides the desired orientation and / or alignment of the liquid crystals. If the temperature of the polymer that stabilizes the polymer stabilized liquid crystal drops below the polymer's TG, the dislocation can be removed and the liquid crystal will be locked or locked to the orientation and / or alignment of that at the time the dislocation was applied. If a change in the orientation and / or alignment of the liquid crystal is desired, the temperature of the polymer that stabilizes the polymer stabilized liquid crystal is raised such that it is at or above the TG of the polymer. Once this temperature is reached, the potential may be reapplied (whichever is desired) to change the orientation and / or alignment of the liquid crystal or no potential may be applied.

It should be pointed out that this orientation and / or alignment of the liquid crystal affects the refractive index of the liquid crystal. Thus, bistableness can provide one or more of the following: switching between potential and unpotential, turning power on and off to provide a potential, changing the orientation and / or alignment of the liquid crystal between two states. Changing the alignment of the aligned and unaligned (chaotic) liquid crystals, changing the refractive index of the liquid crystal between two states, changing the birefringence between the two states, passing through a polymer stabilized liquid crystal cell Changing the transmission of the liquid between two states, and that of the different states when the liquid crystal is free to move versus the state in which the liquid crystal is locked or fixed in one orientation and / or alignment.

Embodiments disclosed herein allow deposition of # 1) monomer stabilized liquid crystals and / or # 2) polymer stabilized liquid crystals into electrical cells (only by way of example) to produce polymer stabilized liquid crystal cells (see FIG. 43). . In a preferred embodiment, three electrodes are utilized, two of which are provided for generating a potential in the Z axis and one can generate a potential in the X axis. In a preferred embodiment, four electrodes are utilized; Two of them are provided for generating a potential on the Z axis and two of them can generate a potential on the Z axis. The purpose of using three or four electrodes is that, as a result, an electric potential can be generated to align the liquid crystal molecules in one direction and thus provide a dark color (less light transmission), and then only use the Z axis as an example. This is because the liquid crystal alignment of the molecules can be fixed by lowering the temperature of the polymer below that of the polymer's TG while maintaining the potential along. If the temperature is below that of the polymer's TG, the potential is removed. If it is desired to brighten the color (increased light transmission), increase the temperature to or above the polymer's TG, create a potential (for example) along the X axis, and when the liquid crystal alignment of the next molecule occurs, the polymer's temperature Is lowered below that of the polymer's TG and then the dislocations are fixed to fix the liquid crystal molecules to give a brighter color (light transmission is increased).

When depositing a monomer stabilized liquid crystal in a liquid crystal cell, the monomer stabilized liquid crystal is only cured by light and / or heat, for example, to cause the monomer to be a polymer. Following curing, the polymer stabilized liquid crystal cell can be thermally controlled, programmed, and reprogrammed. When depositing a polymer stabilized liquid crystal in a liquid crystal cell, the polymer stabilized liquid crystal is deposited at or above the TG of the polymer used to stabilize the liquid crystal.

In either case, the liquid crystal is oriented and aligned after the first one is deposited if it is free to move initially. In the case of monomer-stabilized liquid crystals, the liquid crystals are stabilized if the monomers (after curing) become polymers and the polymers have a temperature below their TG. When a polymer stabilized liquid crystal is deposited at or above the TG of the polymer, the liquid crystal is stabilized when the temperature drops below the TG of the polymer. In most but not all cases, a potential is applied to align the liquid crystal molecules during monomer curing. In addition, a potential is applied to align the liquid crystal molecules during the period when the temperature of the polymer is at or above its TG. In general (but not always), no potential is applied when the monomer is cured into a polymer, and in general (but not always) no potential is applied when the temperature of the polymer is below that of its TG.

The most widely used polymer dispersed liquid crystal meets the following criteria through this embodiment:

The creation of a bistable state requires sufficient anchoring force between the LC and the polymer that is sufficient to suppress the phase transition of the LC in the vitrified phase.

• Miscibility between polymer and LC should be minimized to produce small droplets (~ 5 microns)

The anchoring energy between the droplet surfaces should be sufficient to keep the droplets aligned in the absence of the field when polymer chain mobility is reduced.

The above can only be achieved by way of example; Using LCs having groups which can be formed by hydrogen bonding of micelles for encapsulating LC droplets with both philic polymers. Pluronic acids, PEG-phospholipid complexes, PEG b-polyesters, PEG-b-poly amino acids.

If the temperature of the polymer is raised above the TG of the polymer which stabilizes the liquid crystal via a heat heater, the liquid crystal will freely change its alignment or orientation within the cell. If the temperature of the polymer provided in the polymer stabilized liquid crystal cell drops below its TG, the liquid crystal is trapped when the polymer returns to a solidified state. This can only be achieved by way of example, through the use of an ambient cooling temperature or a Peltier cooler.

Embodiments taught herein provide for the first time the ability to mold, edge and cut-in a device or optic comprising a liquid crystal. This allows the cells or devices to be shaped into any desired shape without the liquid crystal leaking or the cells or devices being superficially defective or functionally compromised as long as the polymer is kept at a temperature below its TG. Allow it to be. Molding can only occur via any electrical, mechanical or optical means, such as by way of example, lathes, optical edgers, grinders, polishers, and lasers.

43-45 illustrate an embodiment using a liquid crystal variable tint element.

43 illustrates a device incorporating a liquid crystal variable tint element. On the lens blank 4380, the following are arranged in order: SiOx layer 4370; Heating element 4360; A substrate layer 4350 and a liquid crystal cell 4340; A substrate 4330; Hard coat 4320; And antireflective coat 4310. SiOx layer 4370 acts as a sealant and / or hard coat, and other suitable materials may also be used. This is true here and in other cases where SiOx or SiO2 is disposed for use as sealant and / or hardcoat. The heating element 4360 may have any of a variety of structures and variations thereof taught herein. Liquid crystal cells are well known. Liquid crystal cell 4340 includes various structures, such as an optional alignment layer, an electrode, and the liquid crystal itself. Electrodes of the liquid crystal cell 4340 are preferably those illustrated in FIG. 44 or 45, and variations thereof. "Substrates" 4330 and 4350 are referred to as "substrates" because they may function as structural elements upon which liquid crystal cells are built.

44 shows an electrode configuration for the liquid crystal cell 4340. A first electrode configuration 4400 and a second electrode configuration 4450 are disclosed.

First electrode configuration 4400 includes a first electrode structure 4410 and a second electrode structure 4420. Second electrode structure 4420 includes two separate “E” shaped electrodes 4425. In the liquid crystal cell, the first electrode structure 4410 and the second electrode structure 4420 are disposed parallel to each other with a space for liquid crystal (not shown) therebetween. When a potential is applied between the first electrode structure 4410 and the second electrode structure 4420, the resulting electric field causes the liquid crystal to be oriented in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the electrode structure. When an electric potential is applied to the “E” shaped electrode 4425, the resulting electric field causes the liquid crystal to follow the direction of the three lines of “E”, ie from right to left in FIG. 44 and the plane of the electrode structure. Orient parallel to.

The second electrode configuration 4450 is similar to the first electrode configuration 4400. The second electrode configuration includes a first electrode structure 4460 and a second electrode structure 4470, similar to the first electrode structure 4410 and the second electrode structure 4420. Second electrode structure 4470 has two separate “E” shaped electrodes 4475 similar to “E” shaped electrodes 4425. The second electrode configuration 4450 is different from the first electrode configuration 4400 in that the "E" shaped electrodes are positioned differently. The second electrode configuration operates in the same manner as the first electrode configuration 4400.

45 shows an electrode configuration for the liquid crystal cell 4340. A third electrode configuration 4500 and a second electrode configuration 4550 are disclosed.

The third electrode configuration 4500 is similar to the first electrode configuration 4400. The third electrode configuration includes a first electrode structure 4510 and a second electrode structure 4520 similar to the first electrode structure 4410 and the second electrode structure 4410. Second electrode structure 4520 has two separate “E” shaped electrodes 4525 similar to “E” shaped electrodes 4425. The first electrode structure 4520 is different from the first electrode structure 4420 in that the first electrode structure 4520 also includes an "E" shaped electrode 4525. In the configuration 4500 (and 4550), when it is desired to orient the liquid crystal laterally, the potential may be applied in the same direction across the electrode 4525 and across the electrode 4515.

The fourth electrode configuration 4550 is similar to the third electrode configuration 4500. The fourth electrode configuration includes a first electrode structure 4560 and a second electrode structure 4570 similar to the first electrode structure 4510 and the second electrode structure 4510. The first electrode structure 4560 has two separate “E” shaped electrodes 4565, the second electrode structure 4570 has two separate “E” shaped electrodes 4475, Similar to the first and second electrode structures 4510 and 4520. The fourth electrode configuration 4550 differs from the third electrode configuration 4500 in that the "E" shaped electrodes are positioned differently, but the two electrode configurations operate in a similar manner.

While certain geometry is illustrated in FIGS. 43-45, those skilled in the art will appreciate that other geometry may be used to produce similar effects. For example, the "E" shape is just one of several ways to achieve an electric field that is parallel to the plane of the electrode (left to right of the figure), and other variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Embodiment using an electrochromic variable tint element

The performance of the electrochromic device can be improved by utilizing the embodiments disclosed herein. See FIG. 46. By using a transparent heater, it is possible to make the thermoplastic polymer electrolyte in the solid state provide improved performance. This may be accomplished by raising the temperature of the thermoplastic polymer to a temperature above or above the TG of the thermoplastic polymer. If the temperature of the polymer electrolyte is at or near the TG of the polymer, the electrolyte will provide the device with improved conversion speed and improved power efficiency (meaning less power will be required to drive the device). Embodiments also provide the use of a polymer electrolyte in the solid state that will not change the light transmission or color of the device unless there is a temperature at or above the TG of the polymer used. Thus, if the temperature is below the TG of the polymer electrolyte in the solid state, there is no change in the color of the transmitted light and it remains fixed in color and / or light transmission, so that power can be removed, but the temperature is When raised to or above the TG of the polymer electrolyte in the solid state, it allows a change in color and / or light transmission. When a new desired color and / or light transmission occurs, the temperature of the polymer electrolyte in the solid state is lowered to fix the color and / or light transmission and then the power is removed.

46 shows an electrochromic device in the solid state. The device includes an optic 4650, a transparent heater 4640, a first electrode 4630, a solid polymer electrolyte 4620, and a second electrode 4610. Other layers consistent with the disclosure herein may also be included.

The accompanying examples are not intended to be limiting. There are many other combinations of the location of the various layers, which will also be within the scope of the embodiments. The optics may be hard coated prior to applying the heating element or member. Embodiments contemplate the use of one or more SiO 2 layers. Embodiments contemplate, by way of example only, various layers and electrodes that are placed through suitable and known means in the industry, such as deposition, sputtering, vacuum systems, spin, dip coating, in mold transfer, absorption, and the like. The time, temperature range, and TG (glass transition temperature or material softening point) provided within the specification are also not intended to be self limiting. For example, the term “transparent” as used in “transparent heater” does not mean to require 100% transparency. Instead, the entire device in the clear state should be at least 80% transparent, preferably 85% transparent or 90% transparent, more preferably 95% transparent. Any given layer, such as a transparent electrode, must be sufficiently transparent so that their overall transparency is met. Transparent commonly used conductors, such as layers of ITO deposited to a thickness generally used in the industry for transparent conductors, should be considered transparent. Embodiments further contemplate selecting a particular polymer for the polymer of the polymer layer and considering at least one of the following through the specific environmental temperature in which the embodiment will be utilized: the type of variable tint element or variable tint agent and the polymer That of TG. By way of example only, the variable tint element or variable tint agent may be the following; Photochromic, thermochromic, polymer dispersed dichroic liquid crystals, electrochromic. The polymer layer may have a thickness of 1 micron to 1.5 millimeters. In most but not all embodiments, the optical system is housed or attached to eyewear that includes the electronics. In addition, although many embodiments taught herein utilize photochromic variable tint elements or variable tints, it should be understood that embodiments are not limited to those of variable tint elements or variable tints that are photochromic. In addition, while most of the embodiments disclosed above teach a photochromic variable tint layer or element, any one of a thermochromic, polymer dispersed dichroic liquid crystal element, or solid state electrochromic variable tint layer or element is of course essential. And their associated enabled electronics. The respective configurations of the photochromic layer, thermochromic layer, liquid crystal cell and electrochromic device are known. The invention disclosed herein is not intended to be limited to only ophthalmic lenses or ophthalmic optics. It is contemplated that any optic or device that transmits light can include the present invention.

As used herein, the term “comprising” is used to describe a list of elements that may also include other elements—the term describes an unrestricted list. Devices that include element A, element B, and element C should include these elements, but may also include other elements not specifically mentioned. Such applications of including the term are generic and spread out in the claims.

As used herein, the terms "embodiment" and "invention" refer to examples of inventive activity. These terms are not intended to limit the scope of the entire invention disclosed herein. The various embodiments described herein may or may not overlap. This disclosure is not intended to be necessarily named "embodiments." Embodiments described herein may be combined in various combinations, as will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art.

Claims (96)

As a device,
Basic ophthalmic optics;
A photochromic variable tint element disposed on or in the basic ophthalmic optics; And
A thermal management system, the thermal management system comprising:
A transparent heating element configured to heat the photochromic variable tint element;
A first light sensor configured to sense a change in ambient light or to sense a level of ambient light;
A second optical sensor;
An energy source electrically connected to the transparent heating element; And
A controller electrically connected to the first and second optical sensors, the controller to detect inputs from the first and second optical sensors and to control the transparent heating element based on inputs from the first and second optical sensors. Composed,
The controller is configured to turn on the transparent heating element when a decrease in ambient light is detected using the first optical sensor,
Wherein the controller is configured to turn off the transparent heating element when at least a predetermined level of sharpening of the photochromic variable tint element is detected by the second optical sensor. As a device,
Basic ophthalmic optics;
A photochromic variable tint element disposed on or in the basic ophthalmic optics; And
A thermal management system, the thermal management system comprising:
A transparent heating element configured to heat the photochromic variable tint element;
An optical sensor configured to sense a change in ambient light or to sense a level of ambient light;
One of a timer and a thermal sensor;
An energy source electrically connected to the transparent heating element; And
A light sensor and a controller electrically connected to the timer or the heat sensor, the controller to detect input from the light sensor and the timer and the heat sensor, and to control the transparent heating element based on input from the light sensor and the timer or the heat sensor. Composed,
The controller is configured to turn on the transparent heating element when a decrease in ambient light is detected using the light sensor,
The controller is configured to turn off the transparent heating element after a predetermined period of time based on an input from a timer or a thermal sensor or after the photochromic variable tint element is bleached and at a predetermined temperature below its glass transition temperature. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
The at least one light sensor is selected from an ambient light intensity sensor, a visible light sensor, a UV sensor, a UV and blue light sensor or any combination thereof that operates between a range of 380 to 480 nanometers. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the photochromic variable tint element comprises a polymer layer and the heating element is capable of heating the polymer layer above the glass transition temperature of the polymer layer. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4,
And the optics are ophthalmic lenses. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4,
And the optics are electronic lenses. The method of claim 4, wherein
And the polymer layer comprises a material having a glass transition temperature between 30 ° C and 140 ° C. The method according to any one of claims 2, 4 and 7,
Wherein the heating element is adapted to provide a temperature rise between 1 ° C. and 25 ° C. for the variable tint element. The method according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 4,
Wherein the optics comprises a first photochromic layer and a second photochromic layer, wherein the first photochromic layer is closer to the user's eye than the second photochromic layer. The method of claim 9,
And the transparent heating element is located between the first and second photochromic layers. The method of claim 3, wherein
The photochromic variable tint element comprises a photochromic agent that contributes to the gray tint, the device having a 20% transmission level outdoors at an ambient temperature of 100 ° F. and 2 when indoors at a room ambient temperature of 70 ° F. The device achieving a transmission level of 85% in minutes. delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete delete

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