Images

Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
  • G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
  • G06F3/04845—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range for image manipulation, e.g. dragging, rotation, expansion or change of colour
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
  • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
  • G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
  • G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
  • G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
  • G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
  • G06F3/04883—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
  • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
  • G06T11/00—2D [Two Dimensional] image generation
  • G06T11/20—Drawing from basic elements, e.g. lines or circles
  • G06T11/206—Drawing of charts or graphs

Definitions

• the present invention relates to systems and methods for displaying information to a user, and more particularly, facilitating viewing and/or interaction with graphical displays of quantitative data.
• Data visualizations include all ways of graphically representing numerical data, including charts, graphs, infographics, and maps. Data visualizations are widely used to rapidly and concisely convey relationships between and among the various data in a data set. For example, in the context of business management, a data set may include sales revenue broken down by month. Analyzing the raw data may be cumbersome, but a graph of sales revenue over time can rapidly convey comparative performance, sales trends over time, and other useful information to a user such as a business executive.
• a drill path may include not only data visualizations, but also documents, web sites, raw data, and/or other resources. Creating a drill path can involve a significant amount of time; the user may be required to manually look up the data he or she is seeking. Further, in many cases, a drill path may be incomplete because it may not adequately capture the variety of ways in which a user may want to explore the data. Hence, highly relevant data visualizations and/or other resources may be missed by the user.
• Automatic drill path creation may involve the automated suggestion of one or more resources, such as data visualization, that may be of interest to the user.
• Such automated suggestions may be based on data shown in a currently-displayed data visualization and/or data items viewed by or otherwise selected by the user.
• a primary data visualization may first be displayed to graphically illustrate a primary data set of a database. Criteria may be automatically applied to the database to identify one or more secondary data sets that meet the criteria. Secondary data visualizations that graphically illustrate the secondary data sets and/or indicators corresponding to such secondary data visualizations may be displayed. Multiple visualizations and/or indicators may be displayed, and the user may select one for viewing. The selected secondary data visualization may then be used as the basis of another iteration to automate suggestions of tertiary data visualizations, from which the user may select one (or more) for viewing, and so on.
• the criteria may be used to determine whether a secondary data set should be the basis of a suggestion to the user.
• the criteria may include, but are not limited to, any of a variety of determinations, including:
• the system of the present invention may monitor what a user actually selects from the suggestions made by the system. The user's selections may then be incorporated into the criteria to help the system provide improved suggestions and/or to move the suggestions that are more frequently selected to more prominent display locations.
• an analysis path may be recorded to enable the user to easily view the decisions made and/or the data visualizations viewed.
• a playback user interface may display decision records, and may receive user input to display resources such as data visualizations used in the analysis and/or enable such resources to easily be published in a manner that facilitates sharing and/or further review.
• FIG. 1A is a block diagram depicting a hardware architecture for practicing the present invention according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 1B is a block diagram depicting a hardware architecture for practicing the present invention in a client/server environment, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting the structure of a data set according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting the structure of a data visualization according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting a system for carrying out automatic data suggestion, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 5 is a flowchart depicting a method of automatic suggestion provision according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the database of FIGS. 1A and 1B with the metadata, shown in the form of a chart, which may be included among the various data sets of the database.
• FIG. 7 is a bar chart showing a primary data visualization generated from the data sets of FIG. 6 in which the data status is “yes.”
• FIG. 8 is a chart illustrating the metadata that may remain after initial application of the criteria as set forth above.
• FIG. 9 illustrates a series of charts that may be generated by the display engine of the system of FIG. 4 .
• FIG. 10 illustrates a method for conducting an analysis with recordation, according to one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 11 is an exemplary user interface with recordation illustrating one example of how a user can select history items for inclusion in a new publication.
• FIGS. 12, 13, 14, and 15 illustrate a user interface with recordation according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• the methods described and depicted herein may refer to automated provision of suggestions for data visualizations and/or other resources that may facilitate an analysis being carried out by a user. Provision of suggestions may include automatically displaying data visualizations and/or indicators that can be selected by the user to display the corresponding data visualizations.
• the data visualizations may, in some embodiments, relate to the operation of an enterprise.
• One skilled in the art will recognize that the techniques of the present invention can be applied to many different types of data visualizations and/or other analytical resources, and may apply to many different situations apart from the exemplary enterprise operation context mentioned previously.
• the present invention can be implemented on any electronic device equipped to receive, store, and present information.
• an electronic device may be, for example, a desktop computer, laptop computer, smartphone, tablet computer, or the like.
• FIG. 1A there is shown a block diagram depicting a hardware architecture for practicing the present invention, according to one embodiment.
• Such an architecture can be used, for example, for implementing the techniques of the present invention in a computer or other device 101 .
• Device 101 may be any electronic device equipped to receive, store, and/or present information, and to receive user input in connect with such information.
• device 101 has a number of hardware components well known to those skilled in the art.
• Input device 102 can be any element that receives input from user 100 , including, for example, a keyboard, mouse, stylus, touch-sensitive screen (touchscreen), touchpad, trackball, accelerometer, five-way switch, microphone, or the like.
• Input can be provided via any suitable mode, including for example, one or more of: pointing, tapping, typing, dragging, and/or speech.
• Data store 106 can be any magnetic, optical, or electronic storage device for data in digital form; examples include flash memory, magnetic hard drive, CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or the like.
• data store 106 stores information which may include documents 107 and/or one or more databases, referred to collectively as a database 111 , that can be utilized and/or displayed according to the techniques of the present invention, as described below.
• documents 107 and/or database 111 can be stored elsewhere, and retrieved by device 101 when needed for presentation to user 100 .
• Database 111 may include one or more data sets, including a first data set 109 , and optionally, a plurality of additional data sets up to an nth data set 119 .
• Display screen 103 can be any element that graphically displays documents 107 , database 111 , and/or the results of steps performed on documents 107 and/or database 111 to provide data output incident to presentation and/or analysis of data and/or data visualizations.
• data output may include, for example, data visualizations, navigational elements, graphical elements drawing attention to data visualizations or graphical elements, queries requesting confirmation and/or parameters for information identification, display, or presentation, or the like.
• a dynamic control such as a scrolling mechanism, may be available via input device 102 to change which information is currently displayed, and/or to alter the manner in which the information is displayed.
• Processor 104 can be a conventional microprocessor for performing operations on data under the direction of software, according to well-known techniques.
• Memory 105 can be random-access memory, having a structure and architecture as are known in the art, for use by processor 104 in the course of running software.
• Data store 106 can be local or remote with respect to the other components of device 101 .
• device 101 is configured to retrieve data from a remote data storage device when needed.
• Such communication between device 101 and other components can take place wirelessly, by Ethernet connection, via a computing network such as the Internet, or by any other appropriate means. This communication with other electronic devices is provided as an example and is not necessary to practice the invention.
• data store 106 is detachable in the form of a CD-ROM, DVD, flash drive, USB hard drive, or the like.
• Documents 107 and/or database 111 can be entered from a source outside of device 101 into a data store 106 that is detachable, and later displayed after the data store 106 is connected to device 101 .
• data store 106 is fixed within device 101 .
• FIG. 1B there is shown a block diagram depicting a hardware architecture for practicing the present invention in a client/server environment, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• client/server environment may use a “black box” approach, whereby data storage and processing are done completely independently from user input/output.
• client/server environment is a web-based implementation, wherein client device 108 runs a browser that provides a user interface for interacting with web pages and/or other web-based resources from server 110 .
• Documents 107 , data, and/or database 111 can be presented as part of such web pages and/or other web-based resources, using known protocols and languages such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Java, JavaScript, and the like.
• HTML Hypertext Markup Language
• Java Java
• JavaScript JavaScript
• Client device 108 can be any electronic device incorporating the input device 102 and/or display screen 103 , such as a desktop computer, laptop computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), cellular telephone, smartphone, music player, handheld computer, tablet computer, kiosk, game system, or the like.
• PDA personal digital assistant
• Any suitable type of communications network 113 such as the Internet, can be used as the mechanism for transmitting data between client device 108 and server 110 , according to any suitable protocols and techniques.
• client device 108 transmits requests for data via communications network 113 , and receives responses from server 110 containing the requested data.
• server 110 is responsible for data storage and processing, and incorporates data store 106 for storing documents 107 and/or database 111 .
• Server 110 may include additional components as needed for retrieving data and/or database 111 from data store 106 in response to requests from client device 108 .
• documents 107 are organized into one or more well-ordered data sets, with one or more data entries in each set.
• Data store 106 can have any suitable structure. Accordingly, the particular organization of documents 107 within data store 106 need not resemble the form in which documents 107 are displayed to user 100 .
• an identifying label is also stored along with each data entry, to be displayed along with each data entry.
• database 111 is organized in a file system within data store 106 . Appropriate indexing can be provided to associate particular documents with particular quantitative data elements, reports, other documents, and/or the like.
• Database 111 may include any of a wide variety of data structures known in the database arts. As in FIG. 1A , database 111 may include one or more data sets, including a first data set 109 , and optionally, a plurality of additional data sets up to an nth data set 119 .
• Documents 107 can be retrieved from client-based or server-based data store 106 , and/or from any other source.
• input device 102 is configured to receive data entries from user 100 , to be added to documents 107 held in data store 106 .
• User 100 may provide such data entries via the hardware and software components described above according to means that are well known to those skilled in the art.
• Display screen 103 can be any element that graphically displays documents 107 , database 111 , and/or the results of steps performed on the information in documents 107 and/or database 111 to provide data output incident to presentation and/or analysis of data and/or data visualizations.
• data output may include, for example, data visualizations, navigational elements, graphical elements drawing attention to data visualizations or graphical elements, queries requesting confirmation and/or parameters for information identification, display, or presentation, or the like.
• a dynamic control such as a scrolling mechanism, may be available via input device 102 to change which information is currently displayed, and/or to alter the manner in which the information is displayed.
• Processor 104 can be a conventional microprocessor for performing operations on data under the direction of software, according to well-known techniques.
• a dynamic control such as a scrolling mechanism, may be available via input device 102 to change which information is currently displayed, and/or to alter the manner in which the information is displayed.
• the information displayed on display screen 103 may include data in text and/or graphical form. Such data may comprise visual cues, such as height, distance, and/or area, to convey the value of each data entry.
• labels accompany data entries on display screen 103 , or can be displayed when user 100 taps on or clicks on a data entry, or causes an onscreen cursor to hover over a data entry.
• display screen 103 can selectively present a wide variety of data related to identification and/or presentation and/or analysis of data and/or data visualizations.
• user 100 can provide input, such as a selection from a menu containing a variety of options, to determine the various characteristics of the information presented such as the type, scope, and/or format of the information to be displayed on display screen 103 .
• system can be implemented as software written in any suitable computer programming language, whether in a standalone or client/server architecture. Alternatively, it may be implemented and/or embedded in hardware.
• a data set may include one or more pieces of data.
• Each piece of data may be of any desired length and format.
• each piece of data may be a character string, integer, floating point number, or any other type of data, and may thus represent any information such as names, times, dates, currency amounts, percentages, fractions, physical dimensions, or any other data that may desirably be stored in a computer.
• a data set may be stored as an array or with any other storage structure known in the art.
• a data set may have only a single data series (for example, a quantity measured at a constant time interval, with no attached date information).
• a data set may have two data series (for example, a quantity measured daily, with the date also stored in association with each daily measurement).
• a data set may have more than two data series (for example, multiple different quantities measured daily, with the date also stored in association with each set of daily measurements).
• FIG. 2 is a block diagram depicting the structure of a data set according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• the data set of FIG. 2 may be, for example, the first data set 109 of FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B .
• the first data set 109 may have metadata 210 that provides helpful information about the data stored in the first data set 109 .
• the metadata 210 may permit a user or program to obtain information about the data stored within the first data set 109 without retrieving and/or analyzing any of the data itself.
• the metadata 210 may optionally include, but need not be limited to, data parameters such as a data descriptor 212 , a data type 214 , a data category 216 , a data status 218 , and a data use rating 219 of the data within the first data set 109 .
• the metadata 210 may also include other characteristics of the data of the first data set 109 that are not specifically shown in FIG. 2 . Further, each element recited above may include multiple pieces of information; for example, the data of the first data set 109 may fall within more than one data type. Thus, for example, the data type 214 of the metadata 210 may include more than one item if the data within the first data set 109 is of multiple types. Further, the data descriptor 212 , a data type 214 , a data category 216 , a data status 218 , and a data use rating 219 may include information specific to individual data series or even individual data values. Hence, the various elements of the metadata 210 may be broken down by data series within the first data set 109 .
• the data descriptor 212 may include a name or other descriptive term applied to the data of the first data set 109 . For example, “order date,” “profit,” and “customer name” are descriptors that may be stored within the data descriptor 212 . If desired, the data descriptor 212 may contain information that is likely to be helpful to the user 100 as the user 100 attempts to ascertain and/or utilize the contents of the first data set 109 .
• the data type 214 may relate to whether the data represents a currency, date, character string, or the like. Further, the data type 214 may optionally provide more detailed information on what the data represents. For example, the data type 214 may specify that data in the first data set 109 are character strings with relevance to the northwestern region of the U.S.
• the data category 216 may include any grouping that can include one or more data sets.
• the data categories 216 may include multiple categories, as a single data set, data series, or data value may belong to multiple categories.
• the data categories 216 may relate to geography, chronology, business units, types of products or services, or any other useful grouping. Thus, for example, if the first data set 109 provides shoe sales revenue in Colorado broken down by month in the year 2010, the data categories 216 may include items such as “revenue,” “Colorado,” “footwear,” “2013,” and the like.
• the data categories 216 may be automatically determined via keyword or other analysis of the other metadata 210 or other data of the first data set 109 and/or selected by the user 100 or another individual, for example, via dropdown menus. If desired, policies may be established by the user 100 or other individuals to guide automated determination of the data categories 216 .
• the data category 216 may indicate whether the data of the first data set relates to “measures” or “dimensions.”
• a “measure” may be a property on which calculations can be made, while a “dimension” may be data that can be used for structured labeling of measures.
• a “measure” may specify an item being measured. Examples of measures may include hires, employees, absences, bonuses, budgets, learning opportunities, and the like.
• a “dimension” may specify what subset of an item is being measured. Examples of dimensions include by location, by age group, by gender, by year, by month, current status, and the like.
• a set of rules may be used to define which data values of a data set (such as the first data set 109 ) are dimensions and which data values of the data set are measures.
• a set of rules is as follows:
• rule set may grow in sophistication over time.
• machine learning techniques and/or other techniques may be used to automatically grow, refine, and/or otherwise develop the rule set used to determine the data category 216 of a data set according to the invention.
• any set of rules may be used to determine the manner in which data of a data set (such as the first data set 109 ) are categorized. Further, a wide variety of categories may be used in addition to or in the alternative to dimensions and measures.
• the data status 218 may indicate the status of the data of the first data set 109 within the analysis being currently conducted. For example, the data status 218 may indicate whether the data are shown in the data visualization currently being viewed by the user 100 . Additionally or alternatively, the data status 218 may indicate whether the data are part of a previous step in the analysis, or provide similar information.
• the data use rating 219 may relate to whether the data of the first data set 109 have been selected by the user 100 in the present analysis and/or a previously-conducted analysis, either directly or via selection of a data visualization that illustrates the data.
• the data use rating 219 may be binary (i.e., “yes” or “no” to indicate whether or not the user 100 has selected the data before).
• the data use rating 219 may be a value that indicates the frequency with which the data have been selected, the number of times the data have been selected, or the like.
• the metadata 210 may have other metadata elements in addition to or in place of those shown in FIG. 2 . If desired, other metadata elements may specify relationships between the data of the first data set 109 and other data sets, data visualizations, and/or users. Additionally, the metadata 210 may optionally include the source system of the data, keyword tags of the data, department names to which the data relate, and/or user data such as the business owner, the visualization creator, and/or the person responsible for the data.
• the first data set 109 may have one or more data series.
• the first data set 109 may have a first data series 220 , and optionally, additional data series up to an nth data series 230 .
• the first data series 220 may have one or more pieces of data, starting with a first data value 222 and optionally, terminating with an nth data value 224 .
• the nth data series 230 may have one or more pieces of data starting with a first data value 232 and, optionally, terminating with an nth data value 234 .
• a data visualization may include any of a wide variety of ways to represent the data of a data set to facilitate viewing, comprehension, and/or analysis by the user.
• a data visualization may include a chart, graph, infographic, map, or any other data representation.
• the device 101 and/or the client device 108 may facilitate creation of a data visualization of each of the data sets within the database 111 , from the first data set 109 up to the nth data set 119 .
• FIG. 3 is a block diagram depicting the structure of a data visualization according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• the data visualization shown may be a first data visualization 309 based on the first data set 109 .
• the first data visualization 309 may facilitate viewing, comprehension, and/or analysis of the first data set 109 by the user 100 .
• Numerical, textual, and/or symbolic values may be represented in data visualizations using any suitable visual schema, including but not limited to numbers, charts, graphs, data tables. Further, numerical values may be represented using infographics that encode quantitative value using one or more visual object attributes such as object size, area, length, saturation, or count. Any suitable combination thereof can be provided. Similarly, values that are textual or based on other characters and/or symbols may be presented in a wide variety of data visualizations.
• the first data visualization 309 may have metadata 310 , which may also include information regarding the first data visualization 309 and/or the data illustrated by the first data visualization 309 .
• the metadata 310 may optionally include, but need not be limited to, a visualization type 312 , a visualization format 314 , and/or visualization boundaries 316 .
• the metadata 310 of the first data visualization 309 may also include the items present in the metadata 210 for the first data set 109 .
• the visualization type 312 may specify whether the first data visualization 309 is a chart, graph, infographic, map, or other visualization type.
• the visualization type 312 may provide further detail about the first data visualization 309 such as, in the case of a graph, whether the graph is a line graph, bar graph, 3D graph, etc. If desired, the visualization type 312 may further provide information regarding the data presented by the first data visualization, such as the data type 214 of the first data set 109 on which the first data visualization 309 is based.
• the visualization format 314 may provide more detailed information regarding the manner in which the first data visualization 309 is formatted.
• the visualization format 314 may specify which data series of the first data set 109 is shown on each axis of a chart, specify the colors, fonts, and/or shapes to be used for each data series on a map, or the like.
• the visualization boundaries 316 may indicate the limits of the first data visualization 309 .
• the visualization boundaries 316 may indicate the extents of the map.
• the visualization boundaries 316 may indicate the end points of each axis.
• the various components of the metadata 310 may be based on user selections made in the creation of the first data visualization 309 .
• the metadata 310 may include one or more parameters automatically determined by the device 101 and/or the client device 108 during the creation of the first data visualization 309 .
• the metadata 310 may be omitted, and the information from the metadata 310 may be obtained from the data presented by the first data visualization 309 .
• the first data visualization 309 may also have a first visualized data series 320 and an nth visualized data series 330 , which may correspond to the first data series 220 and the nth data series 230 of the first data set 109 .
• the first visualized data series 320 may have a first data value 322 and, optionally, additional data values up to an nth value 324 .
• the second visualized data series 330 may have a first data value 332 and, optionally, additional data values up to an nth data value 334 .
• the data values of the first visualized data series 320 and the second visualized data series 330 may be the same as (i.e., copies of) those of the first data series 220 and the nth data series 230 of the first data set 109 , respectively.
• the first data visualization 309 need not contain the first visualized data series 320 and the second visualized data series 330 , but may instead link directly to the first data series 220 and the nth data series 230 of the first data set 109 .
• the device 101 and/or the client device 108 may facilitate creation of one or more data visualizations for each data set of the database 111 .
• These data visualizations may be present on the display screen 103 and/or within a document of documents 107 , or may be located elsewhere within the data store 106 .
• the display screen 103 may show the data visualizations singly or in groups.
• the data visualizations may be displayed by an analysis program running on the device 101 and/or the client device 108 .
• the analysis program may permit interactive navigation, for example, by permitting the user 100 to select a data visualization to adjust the manner in which it is displayed and/or navigate to related data.
• the analysis program may help the user 100 to find a helpful drill path by providing suggestions as to what resources the user could beneficially review as part of the analysis.
• Such an analysis program may, for example, automatically provide one or more suggested data visualizations that relate to the data visualization currently being viewed and/or analyzed.
• the suggestions may be based on criteria that help the analysis program to enhance the likelihood that the suggestions will be helpful to the user 100 .
• One exemplary system that may be used to implement this method will be shown and described subsequently.
• the system of the present invention enables automated suggestion of one or more secondary data sets that may be of interest to a user by displaying one or more secondary data visualizations that graphically illustrate the secondary data sets and/or navigational elements that can be used to navigate to the secondary data visualizations.
• the secondary data sets may be identified by applying criteria to a database to locate data sets that match a set of criteria and then using data sets that satisfy the criteria as secondary data sets that form the basis of suggestions to the user 100 .
• FIG. 4 is a block diagram depicting a system 400 for carrying out automatic data suggestion, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• the system 400 may have a suggestion identification engine 410 that receives various inputs and, based on those inputs, identifies the related information.
• the system 400 may receive one or more inputs, which may include a primary data set 420 that is under current review by the user 100 .
• the primary data set 420 may be from the database 111 and may, for example, have been retrieved from the database 111 through a previously executed query, drill path step, or the like.
• the primary data set 420 may be displayed for the user 100 in the form of a primary data visualization 422 .
• a portion of the primary data set 420 may optionally be selected by the user 100 to define a selected portion 424 . This selection may be made, for example, by selecting a portion of the primary data visualization 422 (for example, selecting a bar in a bar chart or a wedge in a pie chart).
• the selected portion 424 may indicate a subset of the primary data set 420 on which the user 100 wishes to focus further analysis.
• the suggestion identification engine 410 may receive and utilize the primary data set 420 to initiate the process of suggesting one or more secondary data sets for further analysis.
• the suggestion identification engine 410 may receive other inputs.
• Such other inputs may include, but are not limited to, explicit user input such as queries, pre-established user preferences, results or steps of previous analysis projects, and the like.
• the primary data set 420 may be selected for viewing and/or analysis by the user 100 via the input device 102 . Any known method of providing input may be used, including pointing, tapping, typing, dragging, and/or speech. As mentioned previously, in alternative embodiments, more than one primary data set may be selected.
• the suggestion identification engine 410 may commence formulating suggestions for new drill paths such as further analysis steps.
• the suggestion identification engine 410 may use the primary data set 420 as the basis for formulation of suggestions for further analysis steps. Thus, the suggestion identification engine 410 may use the primary data set 420 to suggest secondary data sets 450 that may beneficially be viewed and/or analyzed by the user 100 to advance the analysis being undertaken relative to the primary data set 420 .
• the secondary data sets 450 may include one or more secondary data sets. More specifically, the secondary data sets 450 may include a first secondary data set 452 and optionally, one or more additional secondary data sets up to an nth secondary data set 454 .
• the secondary data sets 450 may reside within the database 111 , and may be identified and/or retrieved by the suggestion identification engine 410 .
• the secondary data sets 450 may be identified by applying criteria 460 to the database 111 to determine which data sets, of the first data set 109 through the nth data set 119 , might beneficially be reviewed by the user 100 .
• the data sets of the first data set 109 through the nth data set 119 that meet the criteria may be retrieved from the database 111 and used as the secondary data sets 450 to be suggested to the user 100 .
• the criteria 460 may include a first criterion 462 and optionally, one or more additional criteria up to an nth criterion 464 .
• the criteria may include, but are not limited to, any of a variety of determinations, including:
• a criterion requiring that the secondary data sets include some of the data of the primary data set 420 and/or some of the data shown in the primary data visualization 422 may help to ensure that the secondary data sets 450 are sufficiently connected to the primary data set 420 to provide a logical analytical step for the user 100 .
• a criterion that imposes a maximum number of data values in the secondary data sets 450 may help to ensure that the secondary data sets 450 are readily understandable and usable by the user 100 without requiring the user 100 to navigate through large amounts of data, much of which may not be relevant to the analysis being carried out.
• the maximum number of data values permissible may depend on the type of data visualization to be used to present the data set under consideration to the user 100 .
• the third exemplary criterion listed above it may not be helpful for the user to be presented with secondary data sets that include too few data values to be of use. A certain amount of granularity may be needed in a body of data in order for it to convey sufficient information to be useful. Thus, a minimum number of data values may be imposed. As with the second criterion, the minimum number of data values permissible may depend on the type of data visualization to be used to present the data set under consideration to the user 100 .
• the secondary data sets 450 may be helpful, as a data pivot of the primary data set 420 , to ensure that the secondary data sets 450 include at least one new dimension. This may help to ensure that the secondary data sets 450 are distinct enough from the primary data set 420 to embody significant steps forward in the analysis. Further, a change in dimensions between the primary data set 420 and the secondary data sets 450 may help ensure that the secondary data sets 450 are useful pivots of the primary data set 420 .
• the data types of the secondary data sets 450 may be distinct from those of the primary data set 420 .
• the data types of this criterion may be those of the data type 214 of FIG. 2 .
• the primary data set 420 provides data regarding sales broken down by date
• secondary data sets 450 that have data values that are not based on dates may generally be more useful as pivots of the primary data set 420 .
• ensuring that the secondary data sets 450 have descriptors different from those of the primary data set 420 may also help to ensure that the secondary data sets 450 are sufficiently distinct from the primary data set 420 .
• the data descriptors of this criterion may be those of the data descriptor 212 of FIG. 2 .
• the primary data set 420 provides data values with a descriptor “order date”
• data values with different descriptors may be more likely to provide distinct information, and may thus be more helpful in the secondary data sets 450 .
• This criterion may simply require that the data descriptors 212 of the primary data set 420 and the secondary data sets 450 be non-identical.
• this criterion may require that the data descriptors 212 have no single word in common.
• this criterion may require that the data descriptors 212 do not have the same or similar meanings. Synonyms, categories, and/or other linguistic tools may be used to make such a comparison.
• the secondary data sets 450 may advantageously be required to contain data values that have previously been selected by the user.
• the opposite limitation may be imposed, i.e., requiring the secondary data sets 450 to have data values that have not previously been suggested and/or selected, to ensure that the user 100 is always being presented with information that has not been seen by and/or suggested to the user 100 before.
• the secondary data sets 450 may have one or more data parameters in common with data sets previously selected by the user 100 .
• data parameters may include, but need not be limited to, the data parameters of the metadata 210 of the data sets. This may help ensure that the secondary data sets 450 contain data most likely to be relevant to the user 100 .
• the opposite limitation may alternatively be imposed to help ensure that the user 100 is presented with information that has not been seen by and/or suggested to the user 100 before.
• any of the criteria 460 set forth above may be applied to make comparisons between the data set of the database 111 under review and the primary data set 420 .
• any of the criteria 460 may instead be used to compare the data set under review with the secondary data sets 450 that have already been identified for suggestion to the user 100 .
• the system 400 may ensure that the various suggestions made to the user 100 are not too redundant.
• any of the criteria 460 may instead be used to compare the data set under review with data sets that have been suggested to the user 100 , retrieved by the user 100 , and/or selected by the user 100 in the past.
• the system 400 may be used to help the user 100 avoid retracing his or her steps.
• the user 100 may wish to retrace his or her steps.
• the manner in which the criteria 460 are applied may be adjusted to help accomplish this.
• the analysis path taken by the user 100 may be recorded for playback for the user 100 . This will be shown and described in detail in connection with examples to be presented subsequently.
• the criteria 460 listed above are merely exemplary; those of skill in the art, with the aid of the present disclosure, will recognize that a wide variety of other criteria may be applied to identify data sets within the database 111 with a high likelihood of relevance to an analysis being conducted by the user 100 .
• the criteria 460 may be applied in a wide variety of ways. According to one example, the criteria 460 may be applied as rules that exclude data sets of the database 111 . Thus, in order to be identified as one of the secondary data sets 450 to be suggested to the user 100 , a data set of the database 111 may be required to meet all of the criteria 460 . In such a case, the criteria 460 may be applied in binary fashion, with a data set either meeting or failing to meet each of the criteria.
• the criteria 460 may be applied in a numerical fashion, for example, to assign a score to each data set of the database 111 .
• Each of the criteria 460 may have multiple levels of conformance, with a higher level of conformance having a higher point value or a higher score than a lower level of conformance.
• the scores for all of the criteria 460 may be added together for each data set of the database 111 to provide an overall score for each data set.
• a weight factor or other numerical adjustment may be assigned to each criterion and used to adjust the impact of the score for that criterion on the overall score for a data set.
• the top-scoring data sets may then be identified as secondary data sets 450 to be suggested to the user 100 .
• the number of secondary data sets 450 to be suggested to the user 100 may be limited to a certain number, a certain minimum score, or the like.
• the criteria 460 may be applied in a variety of other ways. For example, binary elimination and/or scoring methods may be combined. One way in which this may be done is to eliminate data sets that fail to meet some of the criteria 460 , and then score the remaining data sets.
• the suggestion identification engine 410 may provide the user 100 with the ability to customize the manner in which the criteria 460 are applied. For example, the user 100 may select which of the criteria 460 should be applied and/or select weight factors indicating the importance of each of the criteria 460 . Additionally or alternatively, the user 100 may tune each of the criteria 460 to determine how the criteria 460 will be applied. For example, the user 100 may indicate whether the sixth exemplary criterion listed above should require that the data descriptors 212 of the primary data set 420 and the secondary data sets 450 be non-identical, or simply require that the data descriptors 212 have no single word in common.
• the secondary data sets 450 identified by the suggestion identification engine 410 as being of potential value to the analysis being conducted may be retrieved from the corresponding data sets of the database 111 . Notably, it may not be necessary to retrieve a portion of the secondary data sets 450 because some data values of the secondary data sets 450 may already be present in the view currently displayed for the user 100 and/or related views.
• a display engine 480 may display the secondary data sets 450 , corresponding data visualizations, and/or corresponding indicators on the display screen 103 . This display may be the output of the system 400 .
• the display engine 480 may display the secondary data sets 450 . However, it may be more helpful for the user 100 to see data visualizations based on the secondary data sets 450 . Thus, the display engine 480 may generate and/or provide displayed secondary data visualizations 490 for the user by displaying data visualizations based on the secondary data sets 450 directly on the display screen.
• the display engine 480 may provide displayed indicators 492 , each of which represents one of the secondary data sets 450 and/or the corresponding secondary data visualization.
• Such indicators may include text, images, animations, or the like.
• the displayed indicators 492 may take the form of graphical indicators that illustrate the corresponding secondary data visualizations in graphical form. Further, the displayed indicators 492 may be reduced images (i.e., thumbnail images) of the corresponding secondary data visualizations.
• such indicators may serve as navigational elements that can be used to navigate to and view the secondary data sets 450 and/or corresponding secondary data visualizations.
• the indicators may be links and/or icons that can be selected, for example, via the click of a mouse, to initiate display of the corresponding secondary data set 450 and/or the corresponding secondary data visualization.
• the display engine 480 may display data, data visualizations, indicators, and/or navigational elements not specifically set forth in the description above. Exemplary versions of the displayed secondary data visualizations 490 and the displayed indicators 492 will be shown and described in greater detail subsequently in connection with examples.
• FIG. 5 is a flowchart depicting a method 500 of automatic suggestion provision according to one embodiment of the present invention.
• the method 500 may be carried out, at least in part, by the system 400 as in FIG. 4 , or with a differently-configured suggestion provision system.
• the method 500 may be performed in connection with input from a user; such a user may be a developer, customer, enterprise leader, sales representative for business intelligence services, or any other individual.
• FIG. 5 illustrates a series of steps in a certain order, but those of skill in the art will recognize that these steps may be re-ordered, omitted, replaced with other steps, or supplemented with additional steps, consistent with the spirit of the invention.
• the method 500 may start 510 with a step 520 in which the primary data visualization 422 is displayed for the user 100 , for example, on the display screen 103 . This may be done, for example, in response to receipt of a user input selecting the primary data visualization 422 for display. Display of the primary data visualization 422 may be initiated by the user, for example, by selecting the primary data visualization 422 from a document, communication, or the like. Alternatively, the user 100 may select the primary data set 420 and request the creation of the primary data visualization 422 .
• the method 500 may proceed to a step 530 in which the criteria 460 are applied to the database 111 to identify the secondary data sets 450 .
• the criteria 460 may be applied to the database 111 to identify the secondary data sets 450 .
• application of the criteria 460 to the database 111 and identification of the secondary data sets 450 may be carried out by the system 400 in the background while the user 100 performs other tasks.
• the user may view, change, annotate, and/or otherwise use the primary data set 420 while the system 400 identifies the secondary data sets 450 to be suggested to the user 100 .
• the method 500 may proceed to a step 540 in which the display engine 480 is used to display the secondary data sets 450 , the corresponding data visualizations, and/or the corresponding indicators.
• the data of each secondary data sets 450 may be displayed in raw form, or in a corresponding data visualization.
• an indicator such as a thumbnail image of the corresponding secondary data visualization, may be shown.
• the secondary data sets 450 , corresponding secondary data visualizations, and/or corresponding indicators may, if desired, be displayed simultaneously and arranged in a manner that allows the user 100 to easily select one to be displayed and/or used for further analysis.
• the method 500 may proceed to a query 550 in which a determination is made as to whether the analysis is complete. This determination may be made through receipt of input from the user 100 indicating that the analysis project is complete or no further automated suggestions are desired, through detection that the user 100 is no longer active (for example, by detecting that the user 100 has not selected any of the displayed secondary data sets 450 , corresponding data visualizations, and/or the corresponding indicators), through closure of the analysis program, and/or in a variety of other ways.
• the method 500 may end 590 . If the analysis is complete, the method 500 may instead proceed to a step 560 in which the system 400 receives user input, for example, via the input device 102 , selecting one of the displayed secondary data sets 450 , corresponding data visualizations, and/or the corresponding indicators.
• the selected secondary data visualization or the secondary data visualization corresponding to the selected secondary data set 450 or the selected indicators, may be displayed in a step 570 .
• the selected secondary data visualization may be displayed in place of or in addition to the primary data set 420 .
• the user 100 may now wish to focus his or her analysis on the displayed secondary data visualization.
• the method 500 may then proceed to a step 580 in which the selected secondary data visualization is set as the new primary data set 420 .
• the method 500 may then automatically provide suggestions related to the new primary data set 420 .
• the method 500 may return to the step 530 in which the criteria 460 are applied to the database 111 to identify the secondary data sets 450 that may be of value to the user as further analysis steps are undertaken.
• the method 500 may continue in this manner until the analysis is complete, and then end 590 .
• a wide variety of data sets, criteria, data visualizations, information displays, and other aspects may be varied to generate a wide variety of embodiments of the invention.
• the following examples are presented by way of illustration and not limitation to indicate some of the ways in which a system, such as the system 400 of FIG. 4 , may automatically suggest and/or present the data sets, data visualizations, and/or indicators to a user 100 .
• FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the database 111 with the metadata 210 , shown in the form of a chart 600 , which may be included among the various data sets (i.e., the first data set 109 through the nth data set 119 ) of the database 111 .
• the metadata 210 may include the data descriptor 212 , the data type 214 , the data category 216 , and the data status 218 applicable to each of the data sets.
• the data use rating 219 has been omitted from this example.
• the “yes” and “no” entries for the data status 218 may relate to whether or not the data set is currently shown in the primary data visualization.
• FIG. 7 is a chart 700 in the form of a bar chart showing a primary data visualization generated from the data sets of FIG. 6 in which the data status 218 is “yes.” Thus, the chart 700 may show sales by date.
• the system 400 of the present invention may apply the criteria 460 by, first, selecting the first n dimensions that are not already included in the chart and then excluding “duplicate” dimensions.
• data sets with a data type 214 of “Date” such as that labeled “Ship Date” may be excluded because in the chart 700 , a data set with a data type 214 of “Date” (“Order Date”) was used in the chart 700 .
• “Order Date” and “Sales” may also be excluded from the corresponding secondary data set 450 because they have a data status 218 of “yes,” indicating that they are already present within the primary data visualization 422 .
• the data descriptor 212 “Customer State” and “Zip Code” may both relate to locations; therefore, only one of the two may be included in the secondary data sets 450 .
• system 400 of the present invention may further reduce the data sets used for the secondary data sets 450 based on data descriptors 212 that are similar or include similar text. For example, data sets with the data descriptor 212 “Product Subcategory” or “Product Container” may be excluded because one or more other data sets with the data descriptor 212 “Product Category” are already present in the database 111 .
• each of the secondary data visualizations may use at least some of the data of the primary data set 420 . This may help maintain continuity between the primary data visualization 422 and the secondary data visualizations.
• FIG. 8 is a chart 800 illustrating the metadata 210 that may remain after initial application of the criteria 460 as set forth above.
• the only data descriptors 212 in the remaining data sets may be “Order Priority,” “Ship Mode,” “Customer Name,” “Customer State,” Region Customer Segment,” and “Product Category,” as shown.
• the display engine 480 may create charts based on the same measure of the primary data visualization 422 (i.e., the chart 700 of FIG. 7 ), which is “Sales.” Thus, the display engine 480 may create charts for each of the following:
• Each chart may be a secondary data visualization in the form of a sample drill-down visualization, or “drill.”
• different measures may be used.
• one or more dimensions may be kept the same as those of the primary data visualization 422 , while a different measure may be used.
• the system 400 may determine that “Sales by Customer Name” would return too many data points for a meaningful visualization. Hence, data sets with the data descriptor 212 “Sales by Customer Name” may be removed from the list. This may leave five automatically generated drill paths, as follows:
• the system 400 may automatically create indicators for these five drill paths. If desired, they may take the form of miniature, i.e., “thumbnail,” images of the charts. These will be shown in FIG. 9 .
• FIG. 9 illustrates a series of charts that may be generated by the display engine 480 of the system 400 .
• the charts may include a Sales by Order Priority chart 910 , a Sales by Ship Mode chart 920 , a Sales by Customer State chart 930 , a Sales by Region Customer Segment chart 940 , and a Sales by Product Category chart 950 .
• Each of the charts 910 , 920 , 930 , 940 , 950 may be viewable in full-size, but may additionally or alternatively be displayed in miniature to serve as indicators 960 as shown in FIG. 9 .
• Such indicators 960 may be displayed, for example, along the top, bottom, left-hand side, and/or right-hand side of the screen, alongside the primary data visualization 422 .
• the indicators 960 may be arranged horizontally in the manner shown in FIG. 9 , under the primary data visualization 422 on the display screen 103 .
• the indicators 960 may be displayed without disrupting the ability of the user 100 to focus on the primary data visualization 422 and continue the analysis work he or she is performing.
• the indicators 960 may serve as links that enable the user 100 to easily navigate to a full-size version of the corresponding chart. For example, the user 100 may click on the Sales by Order Priority chart 910 of the indicators 960 to display the Sales by Order Priority chart 910 full-size. This action may make the Sales by Order Priority chart 910 the new primary data visualization 422 .
• the method 500 may operate to identify new secondary data sets 450 of the database 111 that may provide logical next steps in the analysis work to be done, as indicated in the method 500 of FIG. 5 .
• the display engine 480 may display the secondary data sets 450 in a variety of different ways. According to one example, the display engine 480 may display indicators that are textual. Alternatively, graphical indicators may be displayed that are not thumbnail images, but instead include icons and/or other conceptual representations of the data within the secondary data sets 450 .
• analysis path As mentioned previously, the steps of an analysis path, or drill path, are often not recoverable unless the user has taken the time to keep careful records of the analysis. Users of analysis software often have a difficult time remembering the analysis path they took to come to a certain conclusion. Analysis often starts with a question, and, when an answer is found, leads to another question. Often the analysis includes a path that follows one branch of questions and answers, only to discover that that branch leads to an incorrect conclusion; typically, the user then backtracks and proceeds down a different branch of questions and answers.
• Various embodiments of the present invention provide mechanisms for storing and playing back an analysis path, reviewing an analysis path, presenting such a path in a presentation format, and/or to add annotations anywhere in the flow so that the user can present an analysis story to others. Additionally or alternatively, the present invention may enable the user to review a previously recorded drill path and alter decisions made in the recording. The recording of the drill path may optionally be revised to incorporate the new decision.
• Some features available in some embodiments of the present invention may include the ability to do any or all of the following for each step (or a group of steps) of the analysis path:
• the techniques of the present invention can therefore allow a user to view previously performed analysis paths, and/or to help others come to the same conclusions as the user. This will be shown and described in connection with FIG. 10 .
• FIG. 10 illustrates a method 1000 for conducting an analysis with recordation according to one embodiment of the invention.
• the method 1000 may start 1010 with a step 1020 in which recording is initiated. This may be done, for example, with an analysis recording module available within an analysis program such as a business intelligence system. Such a module may have a “record” button or other feature that can be activated by the user 100 to initiate recording of future analysis steps. Alternatively, recording may occur automatically, for example, when the user 100 opens the analysis program or commences an analysis project.
• an analysis recording module available within an analysis program such as a business intelligence system.
• Such a module may have a “record” button or other feature that can be activated by the user 100 to initiate recording of future analysis steps.
• recording may occur automatically, for example, when the user 100 opens the analysis program or commences an analysis project.
• the method 1000 may proceed to a step 1030 in which the analysis is conducted. This may be done, for example, with the benefit of automated data set suggestion, as set forth in the preceding description. Thus, the step 1030 may entail performance of the method 500 of FIG. 5 , or any alternative method of providing automated drill path suggestion within the scope of the invention.
• the method 1000 may proceed to a step 1040 in which the recording is stopped.
• the recorded analysis may be stored in any suitable location, such as in the data store 106 .
• the recorded analysis may be available for future use.
• the recorded analysis may be played back, for example, in the analysis program used to conduct the analysis, or in a separate program.
• the user 100 may, in a step 1060 , perform various tasks such as annotating or sharing part or all of the recorded analysis, or continuing the analysis, for example, to pursue drill paths that were not explored in the original analysis.
• the method 1000 may then end 1090 .
• system of the present invention may be implemented using at least three user interface elements—a “History Bar,” an “Analysis Content Area,” and a record button.
• the History Bar may contain “analysis state objects,” which may be indicators such as thumbnail representations of what a user has done.
• “analysis state objects” may be indicators such as thumbnail representations of what a user has done.
• each step in the user's path may be published to the history area as an analysis state object.
• the history area may be scrollable and/or able to handle any number of elements such that a user can have any number of items in an analysis path story.
• the Analysis Content Area may include information associated with the analysis that is contained in discrete user action states.
• a user's entire history and/or any analysis path steps may be preserved.
• an automatic session history may be enabled, allowing the user to record specific subsections of the analysis history within a given session.
• the analysis application may save session histories over an extended period of time so that a user may go back to a previous session to understand the analysis.
• An entire analysis history session (or a portion thereof) may be published as an analysis playback publication.
• once a user wants to create a publication he or she may drag the analysis state object into the playback publication area and add as many states as desired.
• website history can be added to the analysis path playback via a browser plug-in that allows recording of cross-site activity within a single browser window.
• a user enables history capture of external web sites by agreeing to record URL history or browser state history across multiple sites and allowing each new website visited to be added to the web browsing history.
• the states of external websites can be presented as regular browser history states.
• the system of the present invention may allow a user to review his/her analysis history, to present that history in a presentation format, and to add annotations anywhere in the flow so that the user can present an analysis story to others.
• the user may:
• analysis applications may have different states depending on the stage of analysis. For example, upon being presented with a data visualization, a user may drill into the details of one aspect of that visualization to be presented with another data visualization. The user may then select related visualizations to see how events or measures correlate with other measures. Each step in such an analysis path may have the following stages:
• the steps may be repeated any number of times. Each action or step in such an analysis path can be used as a component of a larger analysis story.
• Analysis paths often include information dead ends, requiring the user to step back to the previous analysis step to answer the same question differently or ask a different question. In many cases, such dead end paths are important to overall understanding of a problem and may be useful in telling the story of how a person came to a certain conclusion.
• an analysis application may not present all of the information needed to understand information about the question asked. Users will often reference web material via a search or go to a known website to gather more data and ask more questions. Each of the searches or steps in going to an external web site may also be used as components in a larger analysis story.
• the analysis application may present a display of analysis steps in a selection view. Such steps may include selections of data sets, data visualizations, web sites, documents, multimedia files, and/or any other resource used by the user 100 . Items presented as part of a displayed history can represent UI elements that were selected to get to particular analysis results, as well as the results themselves. Alternatively, the history items can represent the results of each individual step of the analysis.
• the display may present a content area representing a linear time flow. Analysis history steps may be dragged into this content area to create an analysis story. The user may insert commentary, annotations, and/or other content not part of the historical analysis in order to include content for the questions they were asking that may not be captured by the history flow.
• an analysis story may be published in any of a variety of ways, including for example and without limitation, presentation software format, a large wall display, as a public link to a slideshow-like presentation where users may collaborate around the analysis story, and/or the like. This publication may also later be used as an element in another analysis path playback publication.
• a user may turn on analysis path playback while an analysis is in progress. This may enable capture of a section of analysis or to select elements to be added to an analysis playback publication.
• Analysis history items may be presented in any suitable format; in at least one embodiment, such items are displayed as thumbnail-sized images, along with history indicators to show how to get back to previous drill states.
• addable content may be in any suitable format, such as for example: text, images, URLs, and movies.
• the analysis playback history may also allow a user to return to a previous point in an analysis path and then choose a different path, resulting in a tree-like navigation structure.
• the user may have the option to select the entire playback history or the critical path from beginning to end.
• a user may “tear off” the current state of a graph and place it in an analysis playback container. For example, when a user drills into the details or filters data on a data visualization, the user can use a gesture or control to tear off the current visualization, place it in another container, and continue with his or her analysis.
• FIG. 11 is an exemplary user interface 1100 with recordation illustrating one example of how a user can select history items for inclusion in a new publication.
• the user interface 1100 may include an analysis playback history area 1110 , a current analysis area 1120 , and a publication creation area 1130 .
• the current analysis area may contain a plurality of thumbnail images 1150 , 1152 , 1154 , 1156 , 1158 , which may represent each stage in the analysis path followed by the user 100 .
• the user 100 may selects a drilldown path or filter to arrive at a second step represented by the thumbnail image 1152 .
• the user 100 may then filter again to arrive at a third step, represented by the thumbnail image 1154 .
• the user 100 may then realize that the third step did not answer the question that is the basis of the analysis, so he or she may return to the second step (the thumbnail image 1152 ) and select a different path, which may lead to a fourth step represented by the thumbnail image 1156 , and ultimately, to a fifth step represented by the thumbnail image 1158
• the publication creation area 1130 may be a location where the user 100 can include content for publication.
• the user 100 may select any one or more of the analysis steps represented by the thumbnail images 1150 , 1152 , 1154 , 1156 , 1158 for publication.
• the user 100 may select all of the steps in the analysis carried out in the current analysis area 1120 , as represented by “A 1 .”
• the user 100 may elect to omit the analysis step represented by the thumbnail image 1154 because it is not part of the analysis path that led to the conclusion of the analysis. This is represented by “A 2 .”
• the interface may present shortcut options to include the shortest path from beginning to end of analysis, as in A 2 , and/or the entire analysis path, U-turn decision points, and/or most frequently visited analysis stages, as in A 1 .
• FIGS. 12, 13, 14, and 15 illustrate a user interface 1200 with recordation according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
• the user interface 1200 may have an analysis playback history area 1210 , a current analysis area 1220 , and a related items area 1230 .
• the user interface 1200 may have a record button 1240 , a stop button 1250 , and a playback title button 1260 .
• the user 100 may select the record button 1240 to begin recording analysis path stages.
• the current analysis area 1220 may contain the content (i.e., a data visualization 1270 ) the user was viewing when pressing the record button 1240 .
• a thumbnail representation of this current analysis step, labeled 1272 may appear in the analysis playback history area 1210 .
• the user 100 may filter or drill down to more detail in the current chart by clicking on a data point, labeled 1274 . This may initiate transition to the view of FIG. 14 .
• a bar chart 1280 may be displayed as the result of the filter or drill down action taken in FIG. 13 .
• the bar chart 1280 may be automatically represented as a thumbnail in the Analysis Playback History area as the next step of recorded analysis. This is labeled 1282 .
• FIG. 15 represents an example of adding content from the related items area 1230 of the user interface 1200 .
• the user 100 may select an item 1288 from this area, bringing it to focus in the current analysis area 1220 (shown as item number 1290 ), and also automatically adding a thumbnail representation, labeled 1292 , in the analysis playback history area 1210 .
• the user 100 may click the stop button 1250 to stop automatically adding analysis steps into the analysis playback history area 1210 .
• the user 100 may continue to add content manually by dragging elements from either the current analysis area 1220 or the related items area 1230 into the analysis playback history area 1210 .
• the user interface 1200 my present a menu or other actionable item to add content to the analysis playback history area 1210 .
• the various stages of analysis shown in the analysis playback history area 1210 may be automatically placed in an analysis path publication.
• the user interface 1200 may have functionality that enables the user 100 to remove stages of the analysis prior to publication.
• the analysis path may then be saved to a desired location, exported for use in a document, shared with other individuals, or the like.
• the present invention can be implemented as a system or a method for performing the above-described techniques, either singly or in any combination.
• the present invention can be implemented as a computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium and computer program code, encoded on the medium, for causing a processor in a computing device or other electronic device to perform the above-described techniques.
• Certain aspects of the present invention include process steps and instructions described herein in the form of an algorithm. It should be noted that the process steps and instructions of the present invention can be embodied in software, firmware and/or hardware, and when embodied in software, can be downloaded to reside on and be operated from different platforms used by a variety of operating systems.
• the present invention also relates to an apparatus for performing the operations herein.
• This apparatus may be specially constructed for the required purposes, or it may comprise a general-purpose computing device selectively activated or reconfigured by a computer program stored in the computing device.
• a computer program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, such as, but is not limited to, any type of disk including floppy disks, optical disks, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, magnetic-optical disks, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), EPROMs, EEPROMs, flash memory, solid state drives, magnetic or optical cards, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions, and each coupled to a computer system bus.
• the computing devices referred to herein may include a single processor or may be architectures employing multiple processor designs for increased computing capability.
• the present invention can be implemented as software, hardware, and/or other elements for controlling a computer system, computing device, or other electronic device, or any combination or plurality thereof.
• an electronic device can include, for example, a processor, an input device (such as a keyboard, mouse, touchpad, track pad, joystick, trackball, microphone, and/or any combination thereof), an output device (such as a screen, speaker, and/or the like), memory, long-term storage (such as magnetic storage, optical storage, and/or the like), and/or network connectivity, according to techniques that are well known in the art.
• Such an electronic device may be portable or non-portable.
• Examples of electronic devices that may be used for implementing the invention include: a mobile phone, personal digital assistant, smartphone, kiosk, server computer, enterprise computing device, desktop computer, laptop computer, tablet computer, consumer electronic device, or the like.
• An electronic device for implementing the present invention may use any operating system such as, for example and without limitation: Linux; Microsoft Windows, available from Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Wash.; Mac OS X, available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.; iOS, available from Apple Inc. of Cupertino, Calif.; Android, available from Google, Inc. of Mountain View, Calif.; and/or any other operating system that is adapted for use on the device.

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