US11911063B2

US11911063B2 - Techniques for detecting ultrasonic blade to electrode contact and reducing power to ultrasonic blade

Info

Publication number: US11911063B2
Application number: US16/887,568
Authority: US
Inventors: Geoffrey S. Strobl
Original assignee: Cilag GmbH International
Current assignee: Cilag GmbH International
Priority date: 2019-12-30
Filing date: 2020-05-29
Publication date: 2024-02-27
Also published as: EP3845168A1; JP7658525B2; BR112022012617A2; WO2021137011A1; US20210196305A1; JP2023508563A; CN114929126A

Abstract

An end-effector and a surgical instrument including the end-effector are disclosed. The end-effector includes a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade configured to acoustically couple to an ultrasonic transducer and to electrically couple to a pole of an electrical generator. The clamp arm includes a clamp jaw, a cantilever electrode configured to electrically couple to an opposite pole of the electrical generator and an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad including a plurality of teeth. The surgical instrument includes a control circuit to detect a distal conductive element contact with the ultrasonic blade and adjust power applied to the ultrasonic blade based on detection of the contact.

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/955,292, titled COMBINATION ENERGY MODALITY END-EFFECTOR, filed Dec. 30, 2019, the disclosure of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure generally relates to end-effectors adapted and configured to operate with multiple energy modalities to enable tissue sealing and cutting employing simultaneously, independently, or sequentially applied energy modalities. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to end-effectors adapted and configured to operate with surgical instruments that employ combined ultrasonic and electrosurgical systems, such as monopolar or bipolar radio frequency (RF), to enable tissue sealing and cutting employing simultaneously, independently, or sequentially applied ultrasonic and electrosurgical energy modalities. The energy modalities may be applied based on tissue parameters or other algorithms. The end-effectors may be adapted and configured to couple to hand held or robotic surgical systems.

BACKGROUND

Ultrasonic surgical instruments employing ultrasonic energy modalities are finding increasingly widespread applications in surgical procedures by virtue of the unique performance characteristics of such instruments. Depending upon specific instrument configurations and operational parameters, ultrasonic surgical instruments can provide substantially simultaneous cutting of tissue and hemostasis by coagulation, desirably minimizing patient trauma. The cutting action is typically realized by an end-effector, ultrasonic blade, or ultrasonic blade tip, at the distal end of the instrument, which transmits ultrasonic energy to tissue brought into contact with the end-effector. An ultrasonic end-effector may comprise an ultrasonic blade, a clamp arm, and a pad, among other components.

Some surgical instruments utilize ultrasonic energy for both precise cutting and controlled coagulation. Ultrasonic energy cuts and coagulates by vibrating a blade in contact with tissue. Vibrating at high frequencies (e.g., 55,500 times per second), the ultrasonic blade denatures protein in the tissue to form a sticky coagulum. Pressure exerted on tissue with the blade surface collapses blood vessels and allows the coagulum to form a hemostatic seal. The precision of cutting and coagulation is controlled by the surgeon's technique and adjusting the power level, blade edge, tissue traction, and blade pressure.

Electrosurgical instruments for applying electrical energy modalities to tissue to treat, seal, cut, and/or destroy tissue also are finding increasingly widespread applications in surgical procedures. An electrosurgical instrument typically includes an instrument having a distally-mounted end-effector comprising one or more than one electrode. The end-effector can be positioned against the tissue such that electrical current is introduced into the tissue. Electrosurgical instruments can be configured for bipolar or monopolar operation. During bipolar operation, current is introduced though a first electrode (e.g., active electrode) into the tissue and returned from the tissue through a second electrode (e.g., return electrode). During monopolar operation, current is introduced into the tissue by an active electrode of the end-effector and returned through a return electrode such as a grounding pad, for example, separately coupled to the body of a patient. Heat generated by the current flowing through the tissue may form hemostatic seals within the tissue and/or between tissues and thus may be particularly useful for sealing blood vessels, for example. The end-effector of an electrosurgical instrument also may include a cutting member that is movable relative to the tissue and the electrodes to transect the tissue. Electrosurgical end-effectors may be adapted and configured to couple to hand held instruments as well as robotic instruments.

Electrical energy applied by an electrosurgical instrument can be transmitted to the instrument by a generator in communication with the hand piece. The electrical energy may be in the form of radio frequency (“RF”) energy. RF energy is a form of electrical energy that may be in the frequency range of 200 kilohertz (kHz) to 1 megahertz (MHz). In application, an electrosurgical instrument can transmit low frequency RF energy through tissue, which causes ionic agitation, or friction, in effect resistive heating, thereby increasing the temperature of the tissue. Because a sharp boundary is created between the affected tissue and the surrounding tissue, surgeons can operate with a high level of precision and control, without sacrificing un-targeted adjacent tissue. The low operating temperatures of RF energy is useful for removing, shrinking, or sculpting soft tissue while simultaneously sealing blood vessels. RF energy works particularly well on connective tissue, which is primarily comprised of collagen and shrinks when contacted by heat.

The RF energy may be in a frequency range described in EN 60601-2-2:2009+A11:2011, Definition 201.3.218—HIGH FREQUENCY. For example, the frequency in monopolar RF applications may be typically restricted to less than 5 MHz. However, in bipolar RF energy applications, the frequency can be almost anything. Frequencies above 200 kHz can be typically used for monopolar applications in order to avoid the unwanted stimulation of nerves and muscles that would result from the use of low frequency current. Lower frequencies may be used for bipolar applications if the risk analysis shows the possibility of neuromuscular stimulation has been mitigated to an acceptable level. Normally, frequencies above 5 MHz are not used in order to minimize the problems associated with high frequency leakage currents. Higher frequencies may, however, be used in the case of bipolar applications. It is generally recognized that 10 mA is the lower threshold of thermal effects on tissue.

Ultrasonic surgical instruments and electrosurgical instruments of the nature described herein can be configured for open surgical procedures, minimally invasive surgical procedures, or non-invasive surgical procedures. Minimally invasive surgical procedures involve the use of a camera and instruments inserted through small incisions in order to visualize and treat conditions within joints or body cavities. Minimally invasive procedures may be performed entirely within the body or, in some circumstances, can be used together with a smaller open approach. These combined approaches, known as “arthroscopic, laparoscopic or thoracoscopic-assisted surgery,” for example. The surgical instruments described herein also can be used in non-invasive procedures such as endoscopic surgical procedures, for example. The instruments may be controlled by a surgeon using a hand held instrument or a robot.

A challenge of utilizing these surgical instruments is the inability to control and customize single or multiple energy modalities depending on the type of tissue being treated. It would be desirable to provide end-effectors that overcome some of the deficiencies of current surgical instruments and improve the quality of tissue treatment, sealing, or cutting or combinations thereof. The combination energy modality end-effectors described herein overcome those deficiencies and improve the quality of tissue treatment, sealing, or cutting or combinations thereof.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, an apparatus is provided for dissecting and coagulating tissue. The apparatus comprises a surgical instrument comprising an end-effector adapted and configured to deliver a plurality of energy modalities to tissue at a distal end thereof. The energy modalities may be applied simultaneously, independently, or sequentially. A generator is electrically coupled to the surgical instrument and is configured to supply a plurality of energy modalities to the end-effector. In one aspect, the generator is configured to supply electrosurgical energy (e.g., monopolar or bipolar radio frequency (RF) energy) and ultrasonic energy to the end-effector to allow the end-effector to interact with the tissue. The energy modalities may be supplied to the end-effector by a single generator or multiple generators.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a surgical instrument configured to deliver at least two energy types (e.g., ultrasonic, monopolar RF, bipolar RF, microwave, or irreversible electroporation [IRE]) to tissue. The surgical instrument includes a first activation button for activating energy, a second button for selecting an energy mode for the activation button. The second button is connected to a circuit that uses at least one input parameter to define the energy mode. The input parameter can be modified remotely through connection to a generator or through a software update.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. In one aspect, the at least one electrode acts a deflectable support with respect to an opposing ultrasonic blade. The at least one electrode crosses over the ultrasonic blade and is configured to be deflectable with respect to the clamp arm having features to change the mechanical properties of the tissue compression under the at least one electrode. The at least one electrode includes a feature to prevent inadvertent contact between the electrode and the ultrasonic blade.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. In one aspect, the movable clamp jaw comprises at least one non-biased deflectable electrode to minimize contact between the ultrasonic blade and the RF electrode. The ultrasonic blade pad contains a feature for securing the electrode to the pad. As the pad height wears or is cut through, the height of the electrode with respect to the clamp jaw is progressively adjusted. Once the clamp jaw is moved away from the ultrasonic blade, the electrode remains in its new position.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. In one aspect, the at least one bipolar RF electrode is deflectable and has a higher distal bias than proximal bias. The bipolar RF electrode is deflectable with respect to the clamp jaw. The end-effector is configured to change the mechanical properties of the tissue compression proximal to distal end to create a more uniform or differing pattern of pressure than due to the clamping alone.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. In one aspect, the bipolar RF electrode is deflectable and the end-effector provides variable compression/bias along the length of the deflectable electrode. The end-effector is configured to change the mechanical properties of the tissue compression under the electrodes based on clamp jaw closure or clamping amount.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. The one aspect, the pad includes asymmetric segments to provide support for the ultrasonic blade support and the electrode is movable. The asymmetric segmented pad is configured for cooperative engagement with the movable bipolar RF electrode. The segmented ultrasonic support pad extends at least partially through the bipolar RF electrode. At least one pad element is significantly taller than a second pad element. The first pad element extends entirely through the bipolar RF electrode and the second pad element extends partially through the bipolar RF electrode. The first pad element and the second pad element are made of dissimilar materials.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. In one aspect, variations in the physical parameters of the electrode in combination with a deflectable electrode are employed to change the energy density delivered to the tissue and the tissue interactions. The physical aspects of the electrode vary along its length in order to change the contact area and/or the energy density of the electrode to tissue as the electrode also deflects.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. In one aspect, an ultrasonic transducer control algorithm is provided to reduce the power delivered by the ultrasonic or RF generator when a short circuit of contact between the ultrasonic blade and the electrode is detected to prevent damage to the ultrasonic blade. The ultrasonic blade control algorithm monitors for electrical shorting or ultrasonic blade to electrode contact. This detection is used to adjust the power/amplitude level of the ultrasonic transducer when the electrical threshold minimum is exceeded and adjusts the transducer power/amplitude threshold to a level below the minimum threshold that would cause damage to the ultrasonic blade, ultrasonic generator, bipolar RF electrode, or bipolar RF generator. The monitored electrical parameter could be tissue impedance (Z) or electrical continuity. The power adjustment could be to shut off the ultrasonic generator, bipolar RF generator, of the surgical device or it could be a proportionate response to either the electrical parameter, pressure, or time or any combination of these parameters.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. In one aspect, the clamp jaw features or aspects are provided in the clamp ram to minimize tissue sticking and improve tissue control. The clamp arm tissue path or clamp area includes features configured to adjust the tissue path relative to the clamp arm/ultrasonic blade to create a predefined location of contact to reduce tissue sticking and charring.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. In one aspect, a partially conductive clamp arm pad is provided to enable electrode wear through and minimize electrical shorting between the ultrasonic blade and the bipolar RF electrode. The clamp arm pad includes electrically conductive and non-conductive portions allowing it to act as one of the bipolar RF electrodes while also acting as the wearable support structure for the ultrasonic blade. The electrically conductive portions of the clamp ram pad are positioned around the perimeter of the pad and not positioned directly below the ultrasonic blade contact area. The electrically conductive portion is configured to degrade or wear to prevent any contact with the ultrasonic blade from interrupting the electrical conductivity of the remaining electrically conductive pad.

In addition to the foregoing, various other method and/or system and/or program product aspects are set forth and described in the teachings such as text (e.g., claims and/or detailed description) and/or drawings of the present disclosure.

The foregoing is a summary and thus may contain simplifications, generalizations, inclusions, and/or omissions of detail; consequently, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the summary is illustrative only and is NOT intended to be in any way limiting. Other aspects, features, and advantages of the devices and/or processes and/or other subject matter described herein will become apparent in the teachings set forth herein.

In one or more various aspects, related systems include but are not limited to circuitry and/or programming for effecting herein-referenced method aspects; the circuitry and/or programming can be virtually any combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware configured to affect the herein-referenced method aspects depending upon the design choices of the system designer. In addition to the foregoing, various other method and/or system aspects are set forth and described in the teachings such as text (e.g., claims and/or detailed description) and/or drawings of the present disclosure.

Further, it is understood that any one or more of the following-described forms, expressions of forms, examples, can be combined with any one or more of the other following-described forms, expressions of forms, and examples.

The foregoing summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features will become apparent by reference to the drawings and the following detailed description.

FIGURES

The novel features of the described forms are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The described forms, however, both as to organization and methods of operation, may be best understood by reference to the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a clamp arm portion of an end-effector for use with a combined ultrasonic/RF device, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the clamp arm shown in FIG. 1 , according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective views of the frame, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the electrode, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a perspective top view of the large gap pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a perspective top view of the small gap pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a perspective bottom view of the small gap pad shown in FIG. 8 .

FIGS. 10-12 illustrate an effector comprising a shortened clamp arm for deflectable/cantilever electrode applications, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, where:

FIG. 10 is a side view of an end-effector comprising a shortened clamp arm, an ultrasonic blade, an electrode, and a clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 is a top view of the end-effector, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 12 illustrates a clamp arm comprising a clamp jaw, an electrode, and a clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 13 illustrates an end-effector clamp arm comprising a clamp jaw, an electrode, and a clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 illustrates an end-effector clamp arm comprising a clamp jaw, an electrode, and a clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 illustrates an end-effector clamp arm comprising a clamp jaw, an electrode, and a clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 16 illustrates bottom retainer tooth that is worn away such that the electrode can move toward the clamp jaw due to the pre-formed curve, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 17 illustrates an end-effector clamp arm comprising a clamp jaw, an electrode, and a clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 18 illustrates a retainer wall with a tapered profile worn away such that there is sufficient melting/flowing away from the retainer wall with the tapered profile region to allow the electrode to move toward the clamp jaw due to the pre-formed curve, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 19-21 illustrate an end-effector comprising a clamp arm, an ultrasonic blade, a lattice cushion, a flexible electrode disposed above the lattice cushion, and a plurality of hard spacers to set a gap between the flexible electrode and the ultrasonic blade, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, where:

FIG. 19 illustrates the clamp arm open and tissue of non-uniform thickness (T_1a, T_2a, T_3a) is disposed over the flexible electrode;

FIG. 20 the clamp arm is closed to compress the tissue; and

FIG. 21 is an exploded view of the end-effector shown in FIGS. 19-20 .

FIG. 22 is a section view of a conductive polymer clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a clamp arm pad configured to replace a conventional electrode, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 illustrates a clamp arm comprising the clamp arm pad described in FIG. 23 , according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 illustrates clamp arm pads configured as described in FIGS. 23-24 , according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 26 is a section view of a clamp arm comprising a composite clamp arm pad in contact with tissue, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 illustrates a clamp arm comprising a clamp jaw to support a carrier or stamping attached to the clamp jaw and a clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 28 is a section view taken at section 28-28 in FIG. 27 .

FIG. 29 is a section view taken at section 29-29 in FIG. 27 .

FIG. 30 is a section view of an alternative implementation of a clamp arm comprising a clamp jaw, an electrically conductive pad, and an electrically non-conductive pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 31 is a section view of an alternative implementation of a clamp arm comprising a clamp jaw, a carrier or stamping welded to the clamp jaw, an electrically conductive pad, and an electrically non-conductive pad, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 32 illustrates insert molded electrodes, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 33 illustrates an end-effector comprising an ultrasonic blade, a clamp arm, and a clamp arm pad comprising an electrically conductive film, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 34 illustrates the clamp arm shown in FIG. 33 .

FIG. 35 is a section view of the clamp arm taken along section 35-35 in FIG. 34 .

FIG. 36 illustrates a clamp arm comprising a partially electrically conductive clamp arm pad, according to at least one aspect of the resent disclosure.

FIG. 37 is a section view of an electrode comprising an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad comprising a plurality of teeth, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 38 illustrates an end-effector comprising a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 39 is a graphical depiction of impedance amplitude along the left vertical axis versus time along the horizontal axis and blade movement modes along the right vertical axis versus time along the horizontal axis, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 40 illustrates a surgical device comprising a mode selection button switch on the device, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 41A-41C illustrate three options for selecting the various operating modes of the surgical device, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure, where:

FIG. 41A shows a first mode selection option where the button switch can be pressed forward or backward to cycle the surgical instrument through the various modes;

FIG. 41B shows a second mode selection option where the button switch is pressed up or down to cycle the surgical instrument through the various modes; and

FIG. 41C shows a third mode selection option where the button switch is pressed forward, backward, up, or down to cycle the surgical instrument through the various modes.

FIG. 42 illustrates a surgical device comprising a mode selection button switch on the back of the device, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 43A shows a first mode selection option where as the mode button switch is pressed to toggled through various modes, colored light indicates the selected mode on the user interface.

FIG. 43B shows a second mode selection option where as the mode button switch is pressed to toggle through various modes a screen indicates the selected mode (e.g., LCD, e-ink).

FIG. 43C shows a third mode selection option where as the mode button switch is pressed to toggle through various modes, labelled lights indicate the selected mode.

FIG. 43D shows a fourth mode selection option where as a labeled button switch is pressed to select a mode, when a labeled button switch is selected, it is illuminated to indicate mode selected.

FIG. 44 illustrates a surgical device comprising a trigger activation mechanism, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 45 illustrates an alternative clamp arm comprising a metal clamp jaw, an electrode, a plurality of clamp arm pads, and gap pads, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 46 is a surgical system comprising a surgical hub paired with a visualization system, a robotic system, and an intelligent instrument, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 47 illustrates an example of a generator, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 48 is a diagram of various modules and other components that are combinable to customize modular energy systems, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 49A is a first illustrative modular energy system configuration including a header module and a display screen that renders a graphical user interface (GUI) for relaying information regarding modules connected to the header module, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 49B is the modular energy system shown in FIG. 49A mounted to a cart, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 50 depicts a perspective view of an exemplary surgical system having a generator and a surgical instrument operable to treat tissue with ultrasonic energy and bipolar RF energy, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 51 depicts a top perspective view of an end effector of the surgical instrument of FIG. 50 , having a clamp arm that provides a first electrode and an ultrasonic blade that provides a second electrode, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 52 depicts a bottom perspective view of the end effector of FIG. 51 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 53 depicts a partially exploded perspective view of the surgical instrument of FIG. 50 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 54 depicts an enlarged exploded perspective view of a distal portion of the shaft assembly and the end effector of the surgical instrument of FIG. 50 , in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Provisional Patent Applications, filed on Dec. 30, 2019, the disclosure of each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its respective entirety:

- U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/955,294, entitled USER INTERFACE FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH COMBINATION ENERGY MODALITY END-EFFECTOR;
- U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/955,299, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR COMBINATION ENERGY DELIVERY; and
- U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/955,306, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on May 29, 2020, and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,499, entitled USER INTERFACE FOR SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH COMBINATION ENERGY MODALITY END-EFFECTOR, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021/0196345;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,493, entitled METHOD OF OPERATING A COMBINATION ULTRASONIC/BIPOLAR RF SURGICAL DEVICE WITH A COMBINATION ENERGY MODALITY END-EFFECTOR, now U.S. Patent Application Publication 2021/0196334;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,506, entitled DEFLECTABLE SUPPORT OF RF ENERGY ELECTRODE WITH RESPECT TO OPPOSING ULTRASONIC BLADE, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,786,291;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,515, entitled NON-BIASED DEFLECTABLE ELECTRODE TO MINIMIZE CONTACT BETWEEN ULTRASONIC BLADE AND ELECTRODE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021/0196306;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,519, entitled DEFLECTABLE ELECTRODE WITH HIGHER DISTAL BIAS RELATIVE TO PROXIMAL BIAS, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021/0196307;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,532, entitled DEFLECTABLE ELECTRODE WITH VARIABLE COMPRESSION BIAS ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE DEFLECTABLE ELECTRODE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021/0196335;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,554, entitled ASYMMETRIC SEGMENTED ULTRASONIC SUPPORT PAD FOR COOPERATIVE ENGAGEMENT WITH A MOVABLE RF ELECTRODE, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021/0196336;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,561, entitled VARIATION IN ELECTRODE PARAMETERS AND DEFLECTABLE ELECTRODE TO MODIFY ENERGY DENSITY AND TISSUE INTERACTION, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021/0196346;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,576, entitled CLAMP ARM JAW TO MINIMIZE TISSUE STICKING AND IMPROVE TISSUE CONTROL, now U.S. Pat. No. 11,779,387; and
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/887,579, entitled PARTIALLY CONDUCTIVE CLAMP ARM PAD TO ENABLE ELECTRODE WEAR THROUGH AND MINIMIZE SHORT CIRCUITING, now U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2021/0196352.

Applicant of the present application owns the following U.S. Patent Applications that were filed on May 28, 2020, and which are each herein incorporated by reference in their respective entireties:

- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,813, entitled METHOD FOR AN ELECTROSURGICAL PROCEDURE;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,820, entitled ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL INSTRUMENT;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,823, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH JAW ALIGNMENT FEATURES;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,826, entitled SURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ROTATABLE AND ARTICULATABLE SURGICAL END EFFECTOR;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,838, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ASYNCHRONOUS ENERGIZING ELECTRODES;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,851, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ELECTRODES BIASING SUPPORT;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,860, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH FLEXIBLE WIRING ASSEMBLIES;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,866, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH VARIABLE CONTROL MECHANISMS;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,870, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL SYSTEMS WITH INTEGRATED AND EXTERNAL POWER SOURCES;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,873, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ELECTRODES HAVING ENERGY FOCUSING FEATURES;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,879, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ELECTRODES HAVING VARIABLE ENERGY DENSITIES;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,881, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH MONOPOLAR AND BIPOLAR ENERGY CAPABILITIES;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,888, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL END EFFECTORS WITH THERMALLY INSULATIVE AND THERMALLY CONDUCTIVE PORTIONS;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,893, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT WITH ELECTRODES OPERABLE IN BIPOLAR AND MONOPOLAR MODES;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,900, entitled ELECTROSURGICAL INSTRUMENT FOR DELIVERING BLENDED ENERGY MODALITIES TO TISSUE;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,917, entitled CONTROL PROGRAM ADAPTATION BASED ON DEVICE STATUS AND USER INPUT;
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,923, entitled CONTROL PROGRAM FOR MODULAR COMBINATION ENERGY DEVICE; and
- U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/885,931, entitled SURGICAL SYSTEM COMMUNICATION PATHWAYS.

Before explaining various forms of surgical instruments in detail, it should be noted that the illustrative forms are not limited in application or use to the details of construction and arrangement of parts illustrated in the accompanying drawings and description. The illustrative forms may be implemented or incorporated in other forms, variations and modifications, and may be practiced or carried out in various ways. Further, unless otherwise indicated, the terms and expressions utilized herein have been chosen for the purpose of describing the illustrative forms for the convenience of the reader and are not for the purpose of limitation thereof.

Various forms are directed to improved ultrasonic and/or electrosurgical (RF) instruments configured for effecting tissue treating, dissecting, cutting, and/or coagulation during surgical procedures. In one form, a combined ultrasonic and electrosurgical instrument may be configured for use in open surgical procedures, but has applications in other types of surgery, such as minimally invasive laparoscopic, orthoscopic, or thoracoscopic procedures, for example, non-invasive endoscopic procedures, either in hand held or and robotic-assisted procedures. Versatility is achieved by selective application of multiple energy modalities simultaneously, independently, sequentially, or combinations thereof. For example, versatility may be achieved by selective use of ultrasonic and electrosurgical energy (e.g., monopolar or bipolar RF energy) either simultaneously, independently, sequentially, or combinations thereof.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an ultrasonic surgical clamp apparatus comprising an ultrasonic blade and a deflectable RF electrode such that the ultrasonic blade and deflectable RF electrode cooperate to effect sealing, cutting, and clamping of tissue by cooperation of a clamping mechanism of the apparatus comprising the RF electrode with an associated ultrasonic blade. The clamping mechanism includes a pivotal clamp arm which cooperates with the ultrasonic blade for gripping tissue therebetween. The clamp arm is preferably provided with a clamp tissue pad (also known as “clamp arm pad”) having a plurality of axially spaced gripping teeth, segments, elements, or individual units which cooperate with the ultrasonic blade of the end-effector to achieve the desired sealing and cutting effects on tissue, while facilitating grasping and gripping of tissue during surgical procedures.

In one aspect, the end-effectors described herein comprise an electrode. In other aspects, the end-effectors described herein comprise alternatives to the electrode to provide a compliant coupling of RF energy to tissue, accommodate pad wear/thinning, minimize generation of excess heat (low coefficient of friction, pressure), minimize generation of sparks, minimize interruptions due to electrical shorting, or combinations thereof. The electrode is fixed to the clamp jaw at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or as a deflectable electrode.

In other aspects, the end-effectors described herein comprise a clamp arm mechanism configured to apply high pressure between a pad and an ultrasonic blade to grasp and seal tissue, maximize probability that the clamp arm electrode contacts tissue in limiting or difficult scenarios, such as, for example, thin tissue, tissue under lateral tension, tissue tenting/vertical tension especially tenting tissue away from clamp arm.

In other aspects, the end-effectors described herein are configured to balance match of surface area/current densities between electrodes, balance and minimize thermal conduction from tissue interface, such as, for example, impacts lesion formation and symmetry, cycle time, residual thermal energy.

In other aspects, the end-effectors described herein are configured to minimize sticking, tissue adherence (minimize anchor points) and may comprise small polyimide pads.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. The combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an end-effector. The end-effector comprises a clamp arm and an ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm comprises a movable clamp jaw, a compliant polymeric pad, and at least one bipolar RF electrode. The at least one electrode is coupled to a positive pole of an RF generator and the ultrasonic blade is coupled to the negative pole of the RF generator. The ultrasonic blade is acoustically coupled to an ultrasonic transducer stack that is driven by an ultrasonic generator. In various aspects, the end-effector comprises electrode biasing mechanisms.

In one general aspect, the present disclosure is directed to a method for using a surgical device comprising a combination of ultrasonic and advanced bipolar RF energy with a movable RF electrode on at least one jaw of an end-effector. The movable RF electrode having a variable biasing force from a proximal end to a distal end of the movable RF electrode. The movable RF electrode being segmented into discrete portions than can be put in electrical communication or isolated from each other. The movable RF electrode being made of a conductive or partially conductive material. It will be appreciated that any of the end effectors described in this disclosure may be configured with an electrode biasing mechanism.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a limiting electrode biasing mechanism to prevent ultrasonic blade to electrode damage. Generally, in various aspects, the present disclosure provides an end-effector for use with a ultrasonic/RF combination device, where the end-effector comprises an electrode. In one aspect, the combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprises an electrode biasing mechanism. In one aspect, the limiting electrode biasing mechanism is configured to prevent or minimize ultrasonic blade to electrode damage. The electrode is fixed to the clamp jaw at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or as a deflectable electrode.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides an electrode cantilever beam fixated at only one end comprising a biasing threshold mechanism. In one aspect, the deflectable cantilever electrode is configured for combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical devices.

In one aspect, the combination ultrasonic/RF energy surgical device comprises an ultrasonic blade, a clamp arm, and at least one electrode which crosses over the ultrasonic blade. In one aspect, the electrode is configured to be deflectable with respect to the clamp arm and includes features to change the mechanical properties of the tissue under compression between the electrode and the ultrasonic blade. In another aspect, the electrode includes a feature to prevent inadvertent contact between the electrode and the ultrasonic blade to prevent or minimize ultrasonic blade to electrode damage.

In various aspects, the electrode comprises a metallic spring element attached at a proximal end of the clamp jaw of the end-effector. The metallic spring element defines openings for receives therethrough one or more clamp arm pads (also known as “tissue pads” or “clamp tissue pads”) and comprises integrated minimum gap elements. This configuration of the electrode provides a method of preventing tissue from accumulating around the biasing mechanism that can impact the performance of the electrode. This configuration also minimizes the binding between the wear pads and the biasing spring, increases the strength of the electrode to clamp arm connection, minimizes inadvertent release of the clamp arm pads by attaching the polyimide pads to the electrode, and balance matches the surface area/current densities between electrodes. The electrode is fixed to the clamp jaw at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode is deflectable and may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or deflectable electrode.

FIGS. 1-9 illustrate one aspect of an end-effector comprising a deflectable/cantilever electrode configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy device, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a clamp arm 1000 portion of an end-effector for use with a combined ultrasonic/RF device, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. For conciseness and clarity of disclosure, the ultrasonic blade, which functions as the other clamp arm of the end-effector is not shown. The end-effector is configured such that the ultrasonic blade is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the clamp arm 1000 is the opposite pole. A consistent RF electrode gap is maintained between the clamp arm 1000 and the ultrasonic blade to prevent the ultrasonic blade from contacting the electrode resulting in blade breakage or a short circuit. Tissue under treatment is clamped and compressed between the clamp arm 1000 and the ultrasonic blade.

The clamp arm 1000 includes a frame 1002, an electrode 1004, at least one small electrically nonconductive gap pad 1006, at least one large electrically nonconductive gap pad 1008, at least one electrically nonconductive clamp arm pad 1010. In one aspect, the small and

large gap pads

1006, 1008 are configured to set a gap between the electrode 1004 and the ultrasonic blade. The clamp arm pad 1010 is configured to grasp tissue between the clamp arm 1000 and the ultrasonic blade to assist with sealing and cutting of the tissue. In other aspects, the small and large nonconductive gap pads may be swapped. In other aspects, the nonconductive gap pads are simply sized differently regardless of the relative size difference between the nonconductive gap pads.

Pivotal movement of the clamp arm 1000 with respect to the end-effector is effected by the provision of at least one, and preferably a pair of, lever portions 1012 of the clamp arm 1000

frame

1002 at a proximal end 1014 thereof. The lever portions 1012 are positioned on respective opposite sides of an ultrasonic waveguide and end-effector, and are in operative engagement with a drive portion of a reciprocable actuating member. Reciprocable movement of the actuating member, relative to an outer tubular sheath and the ultrasonic waveguide, thereby effects pivotal movement of the clamp arm 1000 relative to the end-effector about pivot points 1016. The lever portions 1012 can be respectively positioned in a pair of openings defined by the drive portion, or otherwise suitably mechanically coupled therewith, whereby reciprocable movement of the actuating member acts through the drive portion and lever portions 1012 to pivot the clamp arm 1000.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the clamp arm 1000 shown in FIG. 1 , according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. In various aspects, the electrode 1004 is made of a metallic spring material attached at a proximal end 1014 of the frame 1002 of the clamp arm 1000 such that the electrode 1004 can deflect. The metallic spring electrode 1004 defines openings 1018 for receiving therethrough elements of the clamp arm pad 1010 and defines

additional openings

1020, 1021 for receiving the

gap pads

1006, 1008 to set a minimum gap between the electrode 1004 and the ultrasonic blade. At least one of the gap pads 1006 is disposed on a distal end 1022 of the electrode 1004. The

gap pads

1006, 1008 are thus integrated with the electrode 1004. In this configuration, the electrode 1004 prevents tissue from accumulating around the biasing mechanism, e.g., cantilevered spring, that can impact the performance of the electrode 1004. This configuration also minimizes the binding between the wearable clamp arm pads 1010 and the biasing spring electrode 1004, increases the strength of the electrode 1004 to the clamp arm connection, minimizes inadvertent release of the clamp arm pads 1018 by attaching the

gap pads

1006, 1008 to the electrode 1004, and balance matches the surface area/current densities between electrodes. The electrode 1004 is attached to the frame 1002 by two protrusions 1024. The electrode protrusions 1024 are attached to the proximal end 1014 of the frame 1002 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 .

FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective views of the frame 1002, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. These views illustrate the connection surfaces 1026 on the proximal end 1014 of the fame 1002 for attaching the proximal end of the electrode 1004 to the frame 1002. In one aspect, the electrode protrusions 1024 are welded to the connection surfaces 1026 of the frame 1002 such that the electrode 1004 behaves in a deflectable manner.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the electrode 1004, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. This view illustrates the bias in the electrode 1004 made of spring material as indicated by the curvature of the electrode 1004 along a longitudinal length. The

openings

1018, 1020, 1021 for receiving the

gap pads

1006, 1008 and the clamp arm pads 1010. In one aspect, the electrode 1004 has a thickness “d” of 0.010″ and may be selected within a range of thicknesses of 0.005″ to 0.015″, for example. With reference also to FIGS. 8 and 9, the openings 1020 are sized and configured to receive a protrusion 1036 defined on a bottom portion of the gap pads 1006.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the clamp arm pad 1010, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The clamp arm pad 1010 comprises a plurality of clamp arm elements 1032 protruding from a backbone 1030. Throughout this disclosure, the clamp arm elements 1032 also are referred to as “teeth.” In one aspect, the clamp arm pad 1010 defines apertures 1028 in a position where the gap pads 1006 are located on the electrode 1004. With reference also to FIGS. 8 and 9 , the apertures 1028 defined by the clamp arm pad 1010 are sized and configured to receive the protrusion 1036 defined on a bottom portion of the gap pads 1006. In one aspect, the clamp arm pad 1010 material is softer than the

gap pad

1006, 1008 material. In one aspect, the clamp arm pad 1010 is made of a non-stick lubricious material such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or similar synthetic fluoropolymers of tetrafluoroethylene. PTFE is a hydrophobic, non-wetting, high density and resistant to high temperatures, and versatile material and non-stick properties. In contrast, the

gap pads

1006, 1008 are made of a polyimide material, and in one aspect, is made of a durable high-performance polyimide-based plastic known under the tradename VESPEL and manufactured by DuPont or other suitable polyimide, polyimide polymer alloy, or PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone), PEKK (Poly Ether Ketone Ketone) polymer alloy, for example. Unless otherwise noted hereinbelow, the clamp arm pads and gap pads described hereinbelow are made of the materials described in this paragraph.

FIG. 7 is a perspective top view of the large gap pad 1008, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The large gap pad 1008 comprises a protrusion 1034 sized and configured to fit within the opening 1021 at the proximal end 1014 of the electrode 1004. FIG. 8 is a perspective top view of the small gap pad 1006, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. FIG. 9 is a perspective bottom view of the small gap pad 1006 shown in FIG. 8 . As shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 , the small gap pads 1006 include a protrusion 1036 at the bottom portion sized and configured to be received within the openings 1020 defined by the electrode 1004 and the apertures 1028 defined by the clamp arm pad 1010. The small and

large gap pads

1006, 1008 are made of a polyimide material, and in one aspect, is made of a durable high-performance polyimide-based plastic known under the tradename VESPEL and manufactured by DuPont. The durability of the polyimide material ensures that the electrode gap remains relatively constant under normal wear and tear.

In one aspect, the present disclosure also provides additional end-effector configurations for combination ultrasonic and bipolar RF energy devices. This portion of the disclosure provides end-effector configurations for use in combination ultrasonic and bipolar RF energy devices. In these configurations, the end-effector maintains a consistent gap between the RF electrode gap and the ultrasonic blade, which functions as one pole of the bipolar RF circuit, and the clamp arm, which functions as the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit. In conventional end-effector configurations, the electrode gap is set by a soft PTFE clamp arm pad which may be subject to wear during surgery. When the clamp arm pad wears through, the ultrasonic blade can contact the electrode resulting in blade breakage or an electrical short circuit, both of which are undesirable.

To overcome these and other limitations, various aspects of the present disclosure incorporate a deflectable RF electrode in combination with a clamp arm pad comprising a non-stick lubricious compliant (e.g., PTFE) pad fixed to the clamp arm. The RF electrode contains wear-resistant, electrically nonconductive pads which contact the blade to set the blade-to-electrode gap. The compliant clamp arm pad extends through openings defined by the electrode and reacts to the clamping force from the ultrasonic blade. As the compliant clamp arm pad wears, the electrode deflects to maintain a constant gap between the blade and the electrode. Such configuration provides a consistent gap between the electrode and the ultrasonic blade throughout the life of the device, prevents shorting and ultrasonic blade breakage, which can occur when the ultrasonic blade touches the electrode, and enables the electrode material to be positioned directly on the side that is opposite the ultrasonic blade to improve sealing performance. The electrode is fixed to the clamp jaw at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or deflectable electrode.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides asymmetric cooperation of the clamp arm/electrode/pad to effect the ultrasonic blade-RF electrode interaction. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a shortened clamp arm. FIGS. 10-12 illustrate an effector comprising a shortened clamp arm for deflectable/cantilever electrode applications, according to various aspects of the present disclosure. In one aspect, the end-effector is configured for asymmetric cooperation of the clamp arm, electrode, and clamp arm pad to effect the ultrasonic blade/RF electrode interaction. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

In one aspect, a distal end of the clamp arm is shortened and a length of the clamp arm pad is kept the same length such that a distal end of the clamp arm pad extends beyond the distal end of the clamp arm. This would allow the electrode to hyper-extend to minimize potential for electrically shorting the distal end of the clamp arm. It also may have the benefit of extending the life of the clamp arm pad because of the additional exposed clamp arm pad material to be worn through. This configuration also can eliminate the use of the distal and middle gap setting clamp arm pads, previously referred to herein, for example, as wear resistant clamp arm pads for setting and maintaining a gap between the electrode and the ultrasonic blade.

FIG. 10 is a side view of an end-effector 1680 comprising a shortened clamp arm 1682, an ultrasonic blade 1684, an electrode 1686, and a clamp arm pad 1688, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. FIG. 11 is a top view of the end-effector 1680. As shown in FIGS. 10-11 , the ultrasonic blade 1684 and the electrode 1686 are substantially the same length. The clamp arm 1682 is shortened to allow the electrode 1686 to overextend to prevent an electrical short circuit. In one aspect, a gap setting pad 1690 is provided at a proximal end 1692 of the end-effector 1680.

FIG. 12 illustrates a clamp arm 1700 comprising a clamp jaw 1702, an electrode 1704, and a clamp arm pad 1706, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. Free up space distally on clamp arm. The clamp arm 1700 is configured for use with an end-effector comprising an ultrasonic blade as disclosed in other sections herein. This configuration frees up space distally 1708 on the clamp jaw 1702. The clamp arm pad 1706 (e.g., PTFE) is fully supported underneath, but space is freed in the t-slot region and on the side walls to allow for more clamp arm pad 1706 burn through and further deflection of the electrode 1704 away from the ultrasonic blade (not shown).

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an end-effector that employs the thermal behavior of the pad to deflect the electrode. In one aspect, the length of the clamp arm pad may be the same length as the ultrasonic blade and as the clamp arm pad expands or changes shape due to pressure or heat, the thermal expansion properties of the clamp arm pad material (e.g., PTFE) can be used to deflect the electrode out of the path of the ultrasonic blade.

In one aspect, a non-biased electrode and pad are provided. The non-biased but deflectable pad varies in position with respect to the clamp arm as the pad wears. The non-biased electrode is configured to minimize contact between the ultrasonic blade and the RF electrode. The clamp arm pad comprises a feature for securing the electrode to the clamp arm pad. In one aspect, as the height of the clamp arm pad wears or is cut through, the height of the electrode with respect to the clamp arm is progressively adjusted. In another aspect, once the clamp arm is moved away from the ultrasonic blade the electrode remains in its new position. The electrode is fixed to the clamp arm at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or as a deflectable electrode.

Configurations of end-effectors comprising a deflectable/cantilever electrode described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 1-12 may be combined with a biased electrode as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 13-18 .

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an end-effector for a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device that employs pressure or clamp jaw compression to adjust the height of the electrode as the clamp arm pad wears. In one aspect, the clamp arm pad follows the clamp arm biased electrode with wearable stops. In one aspect, the clamp arm pad contains a feature for securing the electrode to the pad. As the pad height wears or is cut through, the electrode height with respect to the clamp arm is progressively adjusted. Once the clamp arm is moved away from the ultrasonic blade, the electrode stays in its new position.

Achieving sufficient clamp arm pad life on a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device requires maintaining a sufficiently small yet non-zero clamp arm pad-to-electrode gap throughout the life of the instrument to provide desirable ultrasonic and bipolar RF tissue effects. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

The existing (seed) electrode is a flat electrode, which is practically horizontal or parallel to the clamp arm in the free state (no load). The electrode is fixed to the clamp arm at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or as a deflectable/cantilever electrode. When clamped on tissue, the tissue loads the electrode, causing it to deflect toward the clamp arm.

In one aspect, the electrode “follows” the pad as it wears. In this aspect, the electrode is biased toward the clamp arm in the free state (whether by being a formed/curved electrode, or by attaching/welding the electrode non-parallel to the clamp arm) using any suitable fastening technique such as welding, laser welding, brazing, soldering, pressing, among other fastening techniques. Wearable stop features (on the pad or elsewhere) keep the electrode away from the clamp arm, until said stop features are worn away during use. Once worn away, the electrode is able to approach the clamp arm. These features could be tooth or ratchet shaped, a vertical taper, or other.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a deflectable/cantilever electrode, wherein in a free state, the electrode is biased toward clamp arm and may attached at an angle and made of a preformed curve using any suitable fastening technique such as welding, laser welding, brazing, soldering, pressing, among other fastening techniques.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an end-effector with a deflectable/cantilever electrode comprising wearable stop features to prevent the electrode from reaching or contacting the clamp arm. As the stop features wear, the electrode moves toward the clamp arm until it reaches the next stop. In one aspect, the stop features wear simultaneously with the clamp arm pad to maintain the appropriate gap between the clamp arm pad and the electrode. The features may be entirely separate from the clamp arm pad. The features can be configured to withstand clamping loads, but wear away due to heat (melting/flowing) or abrasion. Possible examples include teeth on one or more clamp arm pads (PTFE, polyimide, or other) and tapered profile on one or more clamp arm pads (PTFE, polyimide, or other).

FIG. 13 illustrates an end-effector clamp arm 1710 comprising a clamp jaw 1712, an electrode 1714, and a clamp arm pad 1716, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The clamp arm 1710 is configured for use with an end-effector comprising an ultrasonic blade (not shown) as described throughout this disclosure. The clamp arm 1710 also comprises a wear resistant gap pad 1717 to set a gap between the electrode 1714 and the ultrasonic blade. As shown, in the free state, the electrode 1714 is biased in a level or horizontal 1718 orientation. The electrode 1714 is fixed to the clamp jaw 1712 at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode 1714 may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or as a deflectable electrode.

FIG. 14 illustrates an end-effector clamp arm 1720 comprising a clamp jaw 1722, an electrode 1724, and a clamp arm pad 1726, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The clamp arm 1720 is configured for use with an end-effector comprising an ultrasonic blade (not shown) as described throughout this disclosure. The clamp arm 1720 also comprises a wear resistant gap pad 1727 to set a gap between the electrode 1724 and the ultrasonic blade. As shown, in the free state, the electrode 1724 is configured pre-formed, bent, or is otherwise biased toward the clamp jaw 1722 along line 1728 away from the horizontal 1718 orientation. The electrode 1724 is fixed to the clamp arm 1720 at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode 1724 may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or as a deflectable electrode. To prevent the biased electrode 1724 from bending toward the clamp jaw 1722 under the biasing force, the clamp arm 1720 further comprises a retainer to prevent the biased electrode 1724 from bending toward the clamp jaw 1722 and maintaining the biased electrode 1724 in a substantially flat configuration (e.g., parallel, level, or horizontal) relative to the ultrasonic blade. Examples of retainers such as a retainer tooth 1738 and a retainer wall 1760 with a tapered profile are described below in FIGS. 15-18 .

FIG. 15 illustrates an end-effector clamp arm 1730 comprising a clamp jaw 1732, an electrode 1734, and a clamp arm pad 1736, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The clamp arm 1730 is configured for use with an end-effector comprising an ultrasonic blade (not shown) as described throughout this disclosure. The clamp arm 1730 also comprises a wear resistant gap pad 1737 to set a gap between the electrode 1744 and the ultrasonic blade. In the free state, the electrode 1734 is configured pre-formed curved, bent, or otherwise biased toward the clamp jaw 1732. However, a retainer tooth 1738, or similar feature, is provided on the clamp arm pad 1736 to prevent the electrode 1734 from springing in toward the clamp jaw 1732. In FIG. 16 , when the bottom retainer tooth 1738 is worn away, the electrode 1734 can move toward the clamp jaw 1732 due to the pre-formed curve, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The electrode 1734 is fixed to the clamp arm 1730 at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode 1734 may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or as a deflectable electrode.

FIG. 17 illustrates an end-effector clamp arm 1750 comprising a clamp jaw 1752, an electrode 1754, and a clamp arm pad 1756, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The clamp arm 1750 is configured for use with an end-effector comprising an ultrasonic blade (not shown) as described throughout this disclosure. The clamp arm 1750 also comprises a wear resistant gap pad 1757 to set a gap between the electrode 1754 and the ultrasonic blade. In the free state, the electrode 1754 is configured pre-formed with a curve, bent, or otherwise biased toward 1758 the clamp jaw 1752. However, a retainer wall 1760 having a tapered profile, or similar feature, is provided on the clamp arm pad 1756 to prevent the electrode 1754 from springing in toward the clamp jaw 1752.

In FIG. 17 , when the tapered profile retainer wall 1760 is worn away, there is sufficient melting/flowing away from the tapered profile retainer wall 1760 region to allow the electrode 1754 to move toward the clamp jaw 1752 due to the pre-formed curve, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The electrode 1754 is fixed to the clamp jaw 1752 at the proximal end and is free to deflect at the distal end. Accordingly, throughout this disclosure the electrode 1754 may be referred to as a cantilever beam electrode or as a deflectable electrode.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an end-effector for a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device that employs a constant pressure distribution biasing mechanism. In one aspect, the end-effector includes an elastic compressible support for mounting and insulating a deflectable electrode. In one aspect, a hollow honeycomb or chambered elastomer support attachment cushion can be employed to allow all or part of the electrode attached to it to deflect but be biased towards the ultrasonic blade. This configuration could provide the added benefit of thermally insulating the electrode from the rest of the metallic clamp jaw. This would also provide an elastomer “curtain” around the electrode to minimize tissue accumulation behind the electrode. In one aspect, a non-strut deflectable geometry for the elastomer cells will enable the deflection force to be held constant over a predefined range of deflections. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

The above configuration prevents lateral skew of the electrode under compression to prevent shorting. Further, the deflectable electrode is affixed to the elastomer and the elastomer is affixed to the metallic clamp arm. The solid height of the spring is limited from driving allowable compression while maintaining as much metallic clamp arm as possible. Thermal conduction from tissue interface is balanced and minimizes—impacts lesion formation and symmetry, cycle time, and residual thermal energy.

Configurations of end-effectors comprising a deflectable/cantilever electrode described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 1-12 may be combined with a flexible electrode disposed above a lattice cushion and a plurality of hard spacers to set a gap between the flexible electrode and the ultrasonic blade as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 19-21 .

Configurations of a biased electrode as described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 13-18 may be combined with a flexible electrode disposed above a lattice cushion and a plurality of hard spacers to set a gap between the flexible electrode and the ultrasonic blade as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 19-21 .

Configurations of end-effectors comprising a deflectable/cantilever electrode described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 1-12 in combination with a biased electrode as described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 13-18 may be combined with a flexible electrode disposed above a lattice cushion and a plurality of hard spacers to set a gap between the flexible electrode and the ultrasonic blade as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 19-21 .

FIGS. 19-20 illustrate an end-effector 1810 comprising a clamp arm 1812, an ultrasonic blade 1814, a lattice cushion 1816, a flexible electrode 1818 disposed above the lattice cushion 1816, and a plurality of hard spacers 1820 to set a gap between the flexible electrode 1818 and the ultrasonic blade 1814, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. FIG. 21 is an exploded view of the end-effector 1810 shown in FIGS. 19-20 . A clamp arm pad 1822 is disposed inside a slot 1825 formed within the lattice cushion 1816. The lattice cushion 1816 acts as a spring-like element. The hard spacers 1820 are used to set a gap between the flexible electrode 1818 and the ultrasonic blade 1814.

In FIG. 19 the clamp arm 1812 is open and tissue 1824 of non-uniform thickness (T_1a, T_2a, T_3a) is disposed over the flexible electrode 1818. In FIG. 20 the clamp arm 1812 is closed to compress the tissue 1824. The lattice cushion 1816 on the clamp arm 1812 results in consistent tissue 1824 (T_1b, T_2b, T_3b) compression across variable thickness tissue 1824 (T_1a, T_2a, T_3a), such that:

\frac{T_{1 a}}{T_{1 b}} = \frac{T_{2 a}}{T_{2 b}} = \frac{T_{3 a}}{T_{3 b}}

Additional background disclosure may be found in EP3378427, WO2019/006068, which are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an end-effector for a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device with means for insuring distal tip contact with bias using a zero gap bipolar RF energy system. In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a deflectable electrode for a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device with a higher distal bias than proximal bias. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination energy device comprising a bipolar electrode that is deflectable with respect to the clamp arm. The combination energy device comprises features to change the mechanical properties of the tissue compression proximal to distal to create a more uniform or differing pattern of pressure than due to the clamping forces alone. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a non-linear distal distributing mechanism and in another aspect the present disclosure provides electrical non-linear distribution of energy density. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

Configurations of end-effectors comprising a deflectable/cantilever electrode described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 1-12 may be combined with a conductive polymer clamp arm pad as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 22-36 .

Configurations of a biased electrode as described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 13-18 may be combined with a conductive polymer clamp arm pad as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 22-36 .

Configurations of a flexible electrode disposed above a lattice cushion and a plurality of hard spacers to set a gap between the flexible electrode and the ultrasonic blade as described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 19-21 may be combined with a conductive polymer clamp arm pad as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 22-36 .

Configurations of a biased electrode as described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 13-18 may be combined with a flexible electrode disposed above a lattice cushion and a plurality of hard spacers to set a gap between the flexible electrode and the ultrasonic blade as described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 19-21 may be combined with a conductive polymer clamp arm pad as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 22-36 .

Configurations of end-effectors comprising a deflectable/cantilever electrode described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 1-12 in combination with a biased electrode as described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 13-18 may be combined with a conductive polymer clamp arm pad as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 22-36 .

Configurations of end-effectors comprising a deflectable/cantilever electrode described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 1-12 in combination with a biased electrode as described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 13-18 may be combined with a flexible electrode disposed above a lattice cushion and a plurality of hard spacers to set a gap between the flexible electrode and the ultrasonic blade as described hereinabove with respect to FIGS. 19-21 may be combined with a conductive polymer clamp arm pad as described hereinbelow with respect to FIGS. 22-36 .

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprising an ultrasonic pad with partially or fully electrically conductive portions such that the pad behaves as both the blade support/wear pad and the bipolar RF electrode. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a partially conductive clamp arm pad to enable electrode wear and minimize short circuiting in a combination bipolar RF and ultrasonic energy device where the clamp arm pad has conductive and non-conductive portions allowing it to act as one of the RF electrodes while also acting as a wearable support structure for the ultrasonic blade. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides conductive portions around the perimeter of the clamp arm pad and not positioned directly on the side that is opposite the ultrasonic blade contact area. In another aspect, a portion of the conductive clamp arm pad is degradable or wearable preventing contact from the ultrasonic blade from interrupting the conductivity of the remaining portions of the conductive clamp arm pad

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an end-effector for a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprising a conductive polymer ultrasonic clamp arm pad. In one aspect, the end-effector comprises a clamp arm pad doped with tin oxide. FIG. 22 is a section view of a conductive polymer clamp arm pad 2440, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The conductive polymer clamp arm pad 2440 comprises tin oxide 2442 (SnO₂) embedded in a polymer material 2444, such as Teflon (PTFE), to make the clamp arm pad 2440 electrically conductive. The doping may be achieved using a cold spray process. Once doped, the conductive polymer clamp arm pad 2440 can achieve traditional ultrasonic tissue clamp arm pad functions such as, for example, contacting the ultrasonic blade, absorbing heat from the ultrasonic blade, and assisting in tissue grasping and clamping. The tin oxide doped clamp arm pad 2440 functions as one of the two electrodes or poles of the bipolar RF circuit to deliver RF energy to tissue grasped between the ultrasonic blade and the clamp arm pad 2440. The tin oxide doped clamp arm pad 2440 is biocompatible, electrically conductive, thermally conductive, enables a large portion of the clamp arm pad 2440 to be used to improve wear resistance of the clamp arm pad 2440, and is white in color. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a conductive polymer ultrasonic clamp arm pad as an electrode replacement. To improve the life of the ultrasonic clamp arm pad and improve the RF tissue effects, the present disclosure provides an electrode that is improved, easier to make, and less costly to make. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a clamp arm pad comprising hard polyimide polymer layers and electrically conductive layers to allow the clamp arm pad to achieve traditional functions as well as carry bipolar electricity to eliminate the need for a separate electrode in the clamp arm of a combined energy end-effector. In this manner, the clamp jaw can be me manufactured in a manner similar to the ultrasonic-only clamp jaw with the new clamp arm pad material swapped for the traditional ultrasonic-only clamp arm pad. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

Benefits include improved ultrasonic performance, including clamp arm pad wear, similar to current ultrasonic-only instruments because there are no electrode gaps between elements “squares” of polymer. The cost of the improved clamp jaw will be similar to current ultrasonic-only clamp jaws because of the need for a separate electrode component is eliminated and provides multiple small polymer square elements. In addition, the manufacturing steps needed to make the clamp jaw are the same as the manufacturing steps required for making current ultrasonic-only clamp jaws. Manufacturing the improved clamp jaw requires only the substitution of the clamp arm pad and does require the production of an additional electrode component to add to the clamp jaw and eliminates assembly steps.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a clamp arm pad 2450 configured to replace a conventional electrode, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The clamp arm pad 2450 comprises electrically non-conductive layers 2452 and electrically conductive layers 2454 in a sandwich-like configuration. This configuration eliminates the need for a spring loaded electrode plate. The electrically non-conductive layers 2452 can be made of polymer, polyimide, Teflon (PTFE) and similar electrically non-conductive materials. The conductive layers 2454 may be made of thin electrically conductive polymer, metal foil, or carbon loaded material. The clamp arm pad 2450 may be manufactured such that the majority of the material contacting the ultrasonic blade are the electrically non-conductive layers 2452. In one aspect, 75% of the material contacting the ultrasonic blade is electrically non-conductive material such as PTFE. In another aspect, 85% of the material contacting the ultrasonic blade is electrically non-conductive material such as PTFE. In another aspect, 95% of the material contacting the ultrasonic blade is electrically non-conductive material such as PTFE. Additionally, as the clamp arm pad 2450 wears, the electrically conductive layers 2452 will still have available surface area to conduct RF electricity through the tissue and return electrode (e.g., ultrasonic blade).

FIG. 24 illustrates a clamp arm 2460 comprising the clamp arm pad 2450 described in FIG. 23 , according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. In the illustrated clamp arm 2460, the non-conductive layers 2452 have a large surface area compared to the conductive layers 2454, which appear as thin layers or foils.

FIG. 25 illustrates clamp arm pads configured as described in FIGS. 23-24 , according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The first clamp arm pad 2470 is new and comprises teeth 2472 formed integrally therewith. The second clamp arm pad 2476 is new and without teeth. The third clamp arm pad 2478 worn and may be representative of either the first clamp arm pad 2470 or the second clamp arm pad 2476

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a composite clamp arm pad for a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. FIG. 26 is a section view of a clamp arm 2480 comprising a composite clamp arm pad 2482 in contact with tissue 2484, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The end-effector 2480 comprises an upper clamp jaw 2486 and an adhesive 2488 to fixedly attach the composite clamp arm pad 2482 to the upper clamp jaw 2486. The composite clamp arm pad 2482 comprises thin electrically non-conductive layers 2490 (e.g., PTFE) and thin electrically conductive layers 2492 (e.g., thin stainless steel foils). The electrically conductive layers 2492 form the electrode portion of the composite clamp arm pad 2482. The electrically conductive layers 2492 (e.g., thin stainless steel foils) deform as the electrically non-conductive layers 2490 (e.g., PTFE) wear-away. The thickness of the electrically conductive layers 2492 enables the electrode portion of the composite clamp arm pad 2482 to deform as the electrically non-conductive layers 2490 wear-away. Advantageously, the electrically conductive layers 2492 conduct some of the heat away from the electrically non-conductive layers 2490 to keep the composite clamp arm pad 2482 cooler. As described above, the composite clamp arm pad 2482 is fixed to the upper clamp jaw 2486 by an adhesive 2488. The adhesive 2488 may be filled with carbon to make it electrically conductive and connect the electrode portions of the composite clamp arm pad 2482 to the upper clamp jaw 2486. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

In one aspect, the clamp arm pad comprises cooperative conductive and insulative portions. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device where the clamp arm pad has conductive and non-conductive portions allowing it to act as one of the RF electrodes while also acting as the wearable support structure for the ultrasonic blade. In another aspect, the conductive portions of the clamp arm pad are disposed around the perimeter of the pad and are not positioned directly on the side that is opposite the ultrasonic blade contact area. In another aspect, the conductive portion of the clamp arm pad is degradable or wearable to prevent contact with the ultrasonic blade from interrupting the conductivity of the remaining conductive portions of the clamp arm pad.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a clamp arm pad for use with combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy devices where portions of the clamp arm pad include electrically conductive material and other portions include electrically non-conductive material. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/RF energy device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

In various aspects, the clamp arm pad may be manufactured using a variety of techniques. One technique comprises a two shot process of molding conductive and non-conductive materials in the same compression mold. This process effectively creates a single clamp arm pad with portions that can act as a bipolar RF electrode and others that will act as electrical insulators. Another technique comprises a super sonic cold spray embedding of metallic elements into a polymeric (e.g., Teflon, PTFE) pad or matrix. Another technique comprises 3D printing of multiple materials (e.g., Teflon, PTFE, and doped conductive polymer), printing/transfer printing conductive or functional inks onto clamp arm pad. Another technique comprises metals and conductive materials (e.g., graphite/carbon) may be applied to the clamp arm pad using chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, sputter deposition, vacuum deposition, vacuum metalizing, or thermal spray. Another technique comprises conductive/loaded clamp arm pad electrodes provide continuity through the pad with micro randomly oriented and positioned particles or macro oriented structures (e.g., fabric, woven, long constrained fibers. Another technique comprises making the surface of the clamp arm pad conductive, providing wear-through electrodes, 3D printing, thermal spraying, cold spraying, coatings/paints/epoxies, sheet/foil/wire/film wrapping or laminating, vacuum metalizing, printing/transferring, among other techniques. In another technique, polymer electrodes filled with conductive material.

In one aspect, the end-effector clamp arm comprises a fixed polymer electrode. FIG. 27 illustrates a clamp arm 2500 comprising a clamp jaw 2502 to support a carrier 2504 or stamping attached to the clamp jaw 2502 and a clamp arm pad 2506, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The clamp arm pad 2506 comprises an electrically conductive pad 2508 and an electrically non-conductive pad 2510. The electrically conductive pad 2508 is made of an electrically conductive polymer and acts as one of the electrodes of the bipolar RF circuit. The clamp jaw 2502 and the carrier 2504 may be made of stainless steel and attached using any suitable fastening technique such as welding, laser welding, brazing, soldering, pressing, among other fastening techniques, for example. The electrically conductive pad 2508 may comprise a polymer such as, for example, silicone, fluorosilicone, PTFE, and similar materials. The electrically conductive pad 2508 is overmolded onto the carrier 2504 using PTFE, silicone, fluorosilicone filled with silver particles, silver over aluminum, silver over copper, copper, nickel, graphite, carbon (amorphous, chopped fiber), gold, platinum, stainless steel, iron, or zinc, or combinations thereof.

FIG. 28 is a section view taken at section 28-28 in FIG. 27 and FIG. 29 is a section view taken at section 29-29 in FIG. 27 . The sections views 28-28 and 29-29 show the clamp arm 2500 comprising the clamp jaw 2502, the support carrier 2504, the electrically conductive pad 2508, and the electrically non-conductive pad 2510.

FIG. 30 is a section view of an alternative implementation of a clamp arm 2520 comprising a clamp jaw 2522, an electrically conductive pad 2524, and an electrically non-conductive pad 2526, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The electrically conductive pad 2524 is made of an electrically conductive polymer and acts as one of the electrodes in the bipolar RF circuit.

FIG. 31 is a section view of an alternative implementation of a clamp arm 2530 comprising a clamp jaw 2532, a carrier 2534 or stamping welded to the clamp jaw 2532, an electrically conductive pad 2536, and an electrically non-conductive pad 2538, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The electrically conductive pad 2536 is made of an electrically conductive polymer and acts as one of the electrodes in the bipolar RF circuit. The electrically conductive pad 2536 is overmolded over the carrier 2534 or stamping.

In one aspect, the end-effector clamp arm comprises a film over metal insert molded electrode assembly. In one aspect, a film may be provided over a metal (e.g., stainless steel) insert molded electrode assembly. A film over metal such as stainless steel can be insert molded to form an electrode assembly. The film on the insert molded electrode may be etched to form micro-holes, slots, honeycomb, among other patterns, to enable conduction of RF energy as well as to cut the periphery of the component. The film may be formed onto or bond onto a stainless steel electrode using IML/FIM (In-Mold Labeling/Film Insert Molding) processes described hereinbelow. The charged film electrode may be placed into a polymer injection mold tool to mold a polymer to the back of the electrode and film. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

FIG. 32 illustrates insert molded electrodes 2540, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The insert molded electrode 2540 comprises an electrically conductive element 2546, a molded polymer pad 2548, and a film 2542 coating. Features 2550 such as micro-holes, slots, honeycomb, or similar features, are formed in the film 2542 to allow the passage of RF energy. Retention features 2552 also are formed on the film 2542. The side walls 2558 of the film 2542 extend below the bottom of the polymer pad 2548 may be folded around the bottom of the polymer pad 2548 and over molded with retention posts. The retention features 2552 are molded into the holes 2554 defined by the film 2542. Although the two insert molded electrodes 2540 are shown with a gap between them, in actuality, the two insert molded electrodes 2540 are fit line-to-line 2556 via mold pressure.

The conductive element 2546 may be made of an electrically conductive metal such as stainless steel or similar conductive material. The conductive element 2546 can be about 0.010″ thick and may be selected within a range of thicknesses of 0.005″ to 0.015″ and can be formed by tamping or machining. The film 2544 can be about 0.001″ to 0.002″ thick and may be made of polyimide, polyester, or similar materials. Alternatively to mechanical retention, such as posts, the film 2544 can be directly bonded to the conductive element 2546. One example includes DuPont Pyralux HXC Kapton film with epoxy adhesive backing having a thickness of 0.002″.

Advantageously, the non-stick surface prevents tissue from sticking to the insert molded electrode 2540. The non-stick surface eliminates short circuiting of opposing electrodes by setting a gap within the range of 0.002″ to 0.004″ along the entire length of the insert molded electrode 2540. The non-stick surface minimizes lateral spread of RF energy de to coverage of side walls 2558 of the insert molded electrode 2540. Also, the insert molded electrode 2540 exhibits structural soundness and provides an easier more robust electrical connection than a multi-layer flexible circuit.

In one aspect, the end-effector comprises a conductive clamp arm and pad constructs for combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical devices. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a clamp arm assembly comprising a conductive or selectively conductive thin film, foil, or laminate that is applied to, around or on the clamp arm assembly to serve as a durable “pole” in a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. Further, an algorithm, software, or logic is provided to manage conditions of electrical short circuiting. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

FIG. 33 illustrates an end-effector 2560 comprising an ultrasonic blade 2562, a clamp arm 2564, and a clamp arm pad 2566 comprising an electrically conductive film 2568, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

FIG. 34 illustrates the clamp arm 2564 shown in FIG. 33 . The clamp arm 2564 comprising a clamp jaw 2570 to support the clamp arm pad 2566. A thin electrically conductive film 2568 is disposed over the clamp arm pad 2566 to form an electrode of one of the poles of the bipolar RF circuit.

FIG. 35 is a section view of the clamp arm 2564 taken along section 35-35 in FIG. 34 . The clamp jaw 2570 can be made of metal such as stainless steel. The clamp arm pad 2566 can be made of an electrically non-conductive complaint material such as PTFE, silicone, high temperature polymer, or similar materials. The electrically conductive film 2568 or foil can be made of an electrically conductive material such as titanium, silver, gold, aluminum, zinc, and any alloys thereof including stainless steel.

FIG. 36 illustrates a clamp arm 2580 comprising a partially electrically conductive clamp arm pad 2582, according to at least one aspect of the resent disclosure. An electrically conductive foil 2584 covers a portion of an electrically non-conductive pad 2586. The electrically non-conductive pad 2588 at the proximal end 2590 sets a gap between the clamp arm pad 2582 and the ultrasonic blade.

Elements of the electrically conductive film 2568, foil, or laminate may include, for example, a single layer of thin conductive material such as metals (titanium, silver, gold, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, iron, etc. and their alloys or stainless steels), plated metals (nickel and then gold over copper, for example) or polymers filled heavily with conductive materials such as metal powder, or filings. Preferably, it is a biocompatible metal foil such as titanium, silver, gold, zinc, or stainless steel selected from a thickness within the range of 0.001″ to 0.008″ (0.025 mm-0.20 mm).

The film 2568, foil, or laminate may include a thin polymer coating, film or layer covering the thin conductive material described above. This coating, film or layer is highly resistive, that is, it is not an effective conductor of bipolar RF energy to adjacent tissue. The coating may be perforated to allow for energy delivery from the electrode to tissue.

The conductive material may be perforated or contain holes or windows through the full thickness of the conductive material to minimize the thermal capacitance of this layer (testing has shown that long and/or thick foils result in longer transection times due to thermal energy being removed from the treatment sight. These perforations, holes or windows also may allow for retention of the foil to other parts or layers. These perforations, holes or windows may be patterned across the entire foil sheet or may be localized at the treatment site or away from the treatment site such as, for example, on the sides of the clamp arm only.

If present, the thin polymer coating, film or layer may be perforated or contain full thickness holes or windows such that the conductive film, foil or laminate is in direct communication with tissue for delivery of bipolar radiofrequency energy to the tissue. For coatings, these holes or windows may be formed by selective coating or coating removal.

Ideally, the conductive film 2568, foil, or laminate is in direct contact with the clamp arm structure that is typically fabricated from stainless steel. The resulting conductive path then allows for simplicity of construction in that the path is formed by necessary structural component, namely a support tube or actuator that connects directly to the clamp arm and then the conductive film, foil or laminate.

In one aspect, the conductive film 2568, foil, or laminate is backed by a relatively soft, high temperature, low wear polymer or elastomer pad made from materials such as PTFE, silicone, polyimide, high temperature thermoplastics, among other materials. The compliance of this relatively soft pad allows for a wide range of component tolerances to obtain a zero or near zero gap between the jaw and the ultrasonic blade along its full tissue effecting length when the jaw is fully closed, thus allowing tissue to be sealed and cut along this length. The compliance also eliminates or greatly dampens any audible vibration of the conductive layer that may occur when the ultrasonic blade is closed against the conductive layer.

The conductive film 2568, foil, or laminate may include a rigid to semi-rigid polymer on its backside/back surface (that is the surface away from the tissue and toward the clamp arm). This part is made from injection moldable polymers or polymer alloys and adhered to the film, foil or laminate by way of Film Insert Molding (FIM) or In-Mold Labeling (IML).

In testing, thin stainless steel, copper, or aluminum foils are quiet in operation (no “screeching” or emitting of obtuse squeals). The thin stainless steel, copper, or aluminum foils provide a robust surface against which the ultrasonic blade can act. Robust enough that materials such as silicone rubber that would otherwise tear and serve as a poor pad material are usable and do not easily tear or split.

The proximal portion of the jaw clamping surface may not include the conductive film, foil or laminate because this area of the jaw contacts the blade first and will be more likely result in shunting of power/shorting in this area.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a short circuit mitigation algorithm for activating an output including bipolar RF energy.

A short alert is not given to the user if it occurs after the energy delivered for the activation exceeds a threshold amount (thereby indicating that the tissue thinned but has likely received an adequate dose of bipolar RF energy for the sealing, coagulation of tissue), or an activation time threshold has been exceeded (again, thereby indicating that the tissue has thinned but has likely received and adequate dose), or both energy and activation time thresholds have been exceeded.

A process of making a film over stainless steel insert molded electrode assembly comprises etching the film and forming apertures (micro-holes, slots, or honeycomb) for passing RF energy; cutting periphery of the electrode component; forming a film onto/bond onto stainless steel electrode if needed; placing the charged film and electrode into a polymer injection mold tool; molding the polymer to the back of the electrode and film.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device configured to prevent energy activation when the clamping pressure is above a predefined threshold. In one aspect, a generator algorithm adaptation is provided to minimize damage to the ultrasonic blade, the electrode, the RF generator, or the ultrasonic generator when the electrode contacts or short circuit to the ultrasonic blade. The ultrasonic power control is based on the detection of a short circuit condition by the RF electrode. In one aspect, an ultrasonic transducer algorithm is provided to reduce power when the ultrasonic blade to electrode contact is detected to prevent damage to the ultrasonic blade. The ultrasonic blade control algorithm is configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy device. The algorithm monitors short circuits or more generally monitors contact between the ultrasonic blade and the clamp arm electrode. Detection of short circuits and contact between the ultrasonic blade and the clamp arm electrode may be employed in a logic to adjust the power/amplitude level of the ultrasonic transducer when a minimum electrical threshold is exceeded and adjusts the power threshold of the ultrasonic transducer to a level below the minimum electrical threshold which would cause damage to the ultrasonic blade, the clamp arm electrode, or the RF bipolar generator, for example. In another aspect, one of the electrical parameters that may be monitored includes tissue impedance or continuity. In another aspect, the power/amplitude level adjustment of the ultrasonic transducer may include shutting off the system or it may include a proportionate response to either the electrical parameter, pressure, or time, or any combination of these parameters, for example.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a logic circuit or algorithm to control the combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device configured to execute a set of machine executable instructions defining an ultrasonic blade control algorithm to monitor for short circuits between the ultrasonic blade and the electrode or contact between the ultrasonic blade and the electrode. Detection of short circuits and contact information is used to adjust the power/amplitude level of the drive signal for the ultrasonic transducer when a predefined electrical threshold minimum is exceeded. The algorithm then adjusts the transducer power/amplitude threshold to a suitable level below that which would cause damage to the ultrasonic blade, the electrode, the bipolar RF generator, the ultrasonic generator, among other component failures. In another aspect, the monitored electrical parameter may be tissue impedance or continuity. In another aspect, the power/amplitude adjustment could be to shut off the system or it could be a proportionate response to either the electrical parameter, pressure, or time or any combination of these parameters.

In combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy devices there exists a risk of unintended contact between the ultrasonic blade and the electrode causing a short circuit and may lead to damage to the ultrasonic blade, the electrode, the bipolar RF generator, the ultrasonic generator, among other components of the system. The following disclosure provides a logic technique for minimizing such damage due to any unintended contact between the ultrasonic blade an the electrode. The electrode is adapted and configured for use with a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device and is deflectable under load, where the electrode is one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade is the opposite pole of the bipolar RF circuit.

FIG. 37 is a section view of an electrode 2410 comprising an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad 2412 comprising a plurality of teeth 2414, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. FIG. 38 illustrates an end-effector 2420 comprising a clamp arm 2422 and an ultrasonic blade 2424, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The clamp arm 2412 comprises an electrically conductive electrode 2410 and an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad 2412.

With reference now to FIGS. 37-38 , as described herein, the electrode 2410 is made of an electrically conductive material and functions as one pole of the bipolar RF circuit and an ultrasonic blade 2424 functions as the other pole of the bipolar RF circuit. The electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad 2412 is compliant and is made of Teflon (PTFE) or similar polymers and is used to contact tissue and provide support for the ultrasonic blade 2424. In one aspect, the electrode 2410 is the positive active (hot) pole of the bipolar RF circuit and the ultrasonic blade 2424 is the negative return (cold) pole of the bipolar RF circuit. The electrode 2410 comprises an additional distal conductive element 2414 at the distal end 2416 of the electrode 2410 such that when the distal conductive element 2414 briefly contacts the ultrasonic blade 2424 an algorithm is executed to reduce the power to the ultrasonic blade 2424. The power is reduced when the algorithm detects contact between the conductive element 2414 and the ultrasonic blade 2424 to minimize damage to the electrode 2410, ultrasonic blade 2424, bipolar RF generator, or the ultrasonic generator, among other components. In one aspect, contact between the conductive element 2414 or electrode 2410 and the ultrasonic blade 2424 may be detected by measuring the impedance over time.

FIG. 39 is a graphical depiction 2430 of impedance amplitude along the left vertical axis versus time along the horizontal axis and blade movement modes along the right vertical axis versus time along the horizontal axis, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the bipolar RF generator or the ultrasonic generator may comprise control circuits that detect the impedance and alter the amplitude and/or frequency of the ultrasonic blade 2424 when the ultrasonic blade 2424 contacts the distal conductive element 2416 or other portions of the electrode 2410 on the clamp arm 2422. When the ultrasonic blade 2424 contacts the distal conductive element 2416 or other portions of the electrode 2410, the impedance 2432 through the device will drop to a low value and can be interpreted as a short circuit or contact. To prevent damage to the electrode 2410 or the ultrasonic blade 2424 the movement of the ultrasonic blade 2424 would be altered to minimize electrode 2410 wear/damage. When the impedance 2432 is above a threshold value 2434, the ultrasonic blade 2424 operates in mode “A”. When the impedance 2432 is below the threshold 2434 the ultrasonic blade 2424 movement is optimized for cutting only and operates in mode “B” to reduce the time that the ultrasonic blade 2424 is active while in contact with the distal conductive element 2414 or the electrode 2410.

Additional background disclosure may be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,253,303; 6,454,781; 9,017,326; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010/022568, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for driving an end-effector coupled to an ultrasonic drive system of a surgical instrument combined with any of the deflectable and/or cantilevered electrodes as described herein. The method comprises a an ultrasonic generator configured to couple to an ultrasonic drive system of an ultrasonic instrument, the ultrasonic drive system comprising an ultrasonic transducer coupled to a waveguide and an end-effector coupled to the waveguide. The generator is configured to generate a first ultrasonic drive signal, actuate the ultrasonic transducer with the first ultrasonic drive signal for a first period, generate a second ultrasonic drive signal by the generator, and actuate the ultrasonic transducer with the second ultrasonic drive signal for a second period, subsequent to the first period. The first drive signal is different from the second drive signal over the respective first and second periods. The first and second drive signals define a step function waveform over the first and second periods.

In another aspect, the apparatus further comprises a measurement module to monitor a measurable characteristic of the ultrasonic drive system. The ultrasonic generator is configured to generate any one of the first and second drive signals based on a measured characteristic.

In another aspect, the measurement module further comprises a radio frequency (RF) generator coupled to the end-effector. The radio frequency generator is configured to generate therapeutic monopolar or bipolar RF energy or sub-therapeutic monopolar or bipolar RF energy. A clamp arm assembly is coupled to a distal end of the ultrasonic drive system. The clamp arm assembly comprises an electrically conductive portion forming a return (negative or cold) electrode coupled to the RF generator. The clamp arm assembly is operatively coupled to the end-effector to grasp tissue therebetween.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a temperature or impedance sensing device for monitoring the temperature or impedance of tissue grasped in the end-effector of a therapeutic ultrasonic cutting and coagulating instrument while the tissue is being heated by the friction generated by the ultrasonic vibrations of the ultrasonic blade portion of the end-effector. One or more sensors are located at the end-effector, preferably on a clamping member. The signals generated by the sensors provide feedback to control circuitry and a device for setting the function of the instrument either in cutting mode or coagulating mode.

In another aspect, a surgical instrument for ultrasonic surgical system is disclosed fro dissecting, cutting and/or coagulating tissue during, e.g., an endoscopic procedure, has conductors placed in electrical communication with power source. Algorithms controlling ultrasonic drive in response to monitored electrical characteristic

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides an apparatus for monitoring tissue impedance Z_t. The tissue impedance Z_tmay be monitored by an impedance module in accordance with the following process. A measurable RF current i₁is conveyed through a first energizing conductor a to the ultrasonic blade, through the tissue, and back to the impedance module through a conductive jacket and a second conductor b. As the tissue is desiccated and cut by the friction generated by ultrasonic action of the blade acting against one or more clamp arm pads, the impedance Z_tof the tissue increases and thus the current in the return path, i.e., the second conductor b, decreases. The impedance module measures the tissue impedance Z_tand conveys a representative signal to the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) whose digital output is provided to a processor. The processor calculates the tissue impedance Z_tbased on these measured values of v_rfand i_rf. The processor steps the frequency by any suitable increment or decrement in response to changes in tissue impedance Z_t. The processor controls the drive signals and can make any necessary adjustments in amplitude and frequency in response to the tissue impedance Z_t. In another aspect, the processor can cut off the drive signal when the tissue impedance Z_treaches a predetermined threshold value.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical devices and systems. Various forms are directed to user interfaces for surgical instruments with ultrasonic and/or electrosurgical (RF) end-effectors configured for effecting tissue treating, dissecting, cutting, and/or coagulation during surgical procedures. In one form, a user interface is provided for a combined ultrasonic and electrosurgical instrument that may be configured for use in open surgical procedures, but has applications in other types of surgery, such as minimally invasive laparoscopic procedures, for example, non-invasive endoscopic procedures, either in hand held or and robotic-assisted procedures. Versatility is achieved by selective application of multiple energy modalities simultaneously, independently, sequentially, or combinations thereof. For example, versatility may be achieved by selective use of ultrasonic and electrosurgical energy (e.g., monopolar or bipolar RF energy) either simultaneously, independently, sequentially, or combinations thereof.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a user interface for an apparatus comprising an ultrasonic blade and clamp arm with a deflectable RF electrode such that the ultrasonic blade and deflectable RF electrode cooperate to effect sealing, cutting, and clamping of tissue by cooperation of a clamping mechanism of the apparatus comprising the RF electrode with an associated ultrasonic blade. The clamping mechanism includes a pivotal clamp arm which cooperates with the ultrasonic blade for gripping tissue therebetween. The clamp arm is preferably provided with a clamp tissue pad (also known as “clamp arm pad”) having a plurality of axially spaced gripping teeth, segments, elements, or individual units which cooperate with the ultrasonic blade of the end-effector to achieve the desired sealing and cutting effects on tissue, while facilitating grasping and gripping of tissue during surgical procedures.

In other aspects, the end-effectors described herein comprise a clamp arm mechanism configured to high pressure between a pad and an ultrasonic blade to grasp and seal tissue, maximize probability that the clamp arm electrode contacts tissue in limiting or difficult scenarios, such as, for example, thin tissue, tissue under lateral tension, tissue tenting/vertical tension especially tenting tissue away from clamp arm.

In other aspects, the end-effectors described herein are configured to balance match of surface area/current densities between electrodes, balance and minimize thermal conduction from tissue interface, such as, for example, impacts lesion formation and symmetry, cycle time, residual thermal energy. In other aspects, the end-effectors described herein are configured to minimize sticking, tissue adherence (minimize anchor points) and may comprise small polyimide pads.

In various aspects, the present disclosure provides a surgical device configured to deliver at least two energy types (e.g., ultrasonic, monopolar RF, bipolar RF, microwave, or irreversible electroporation [IRE]) to tissue. The surgical device includes a first activation button switch for activating energy, a second button switch for selecting an energy mode for the activation button switch. The second button switch is connected to a circuit that uses at least one input parameter to define the energy mode. The input parameter can be modified remotely through connection to a generator or through a software update.

In one aspect, at least one of the energy modes is a simultaneous blend of RF and ultrasonic energy, and the input parameter represents a duty cycle of the RF and ultrasonic energy.

In one aspect, the second button switch is configurable to select from a list of predefined modes and the number of modes in the list is defined by a second input parameter defined by a user.

In one aspect, the input parameter is either duty cycle, voltage, frequency, pulse width, or current.

In one aspect, the device also includes a visual indicator of the selected energy mode within the portion of device in the surgical field

In one aspect, the second button switch is a separate control from the end effector closure trigger.

In one aspect, the second button switch is configured to be activated second stage of the closure trigger. The first stage of the closure trigger in the closing direction is to actuate the end effector.

In one aspect, at least one of the energy modes is selected from ultrasonic, RF bipolar, RF monopolar, microwave, or IRE.

In one aspect, at least one of the energy modes is selected from ultrasonic, RF bipolar, RF monopolar, microwave, or IRE and is configured to be applied in a predefined duty cycle or pulsed algorithm.

In one aspect, at least one of the energy modes is selected from a sequential application of two or more of the following types of energy: ultrasonic, RF bipolar, RF monopolar, microwave, or IRE.

In one aspect, at least one of the energy modes is a simultaneous blend of two or more of the following types of energy: ultrasonic, RF bipolar, RF monopolar, microwave, and IRE.

In one aspect, at least one of the energy modes is a simultaneous blend of two or more of the following types of energy: ultrasonic, RF bipolar, RF monopolar, microwave, and IRE followed sequentially by one or more of the aforementioned energies.

In one aspect, at least one of the energy modes is one off the following types of energy: Ultrasonic, RF bipolar, RF monopolar, microwave, and IRE followed sequentially by a simultaneous blend of two or more of the aforementioned energies.

In one aspect, at least one of the energy modes is procedure or tissue specific predefined algorithm.

In one aspect, at least one of the energy modes is compiled from learned surgical behaviors or activities.

In one aspect, the input parameter is at least one of: energy type, duty cycle, voltage, frequency, pulse width, current, impedance limit, activation time, or blend of energy.

In one aspect, the second button switch is configurable to select from a list of predefined modes and the number of modes in the list is either predefined or defined by a second input parameter defined by a user.

In one aspect, the aforementioned energy modes are made available to the user through software updates to the generator.

In one aspect, the aforementioned energy modes are made available to the user through software updates to the device.

In one aspect, the preferred selections by the user are made available to multiple generators through either networking, the cloud, or manual transfer.

In one aspect, the device also includes a visual indicator of the selected energy mode within the portion of device in the surgical field.

As used herein a button switch can be a manually, mechanically, or electrically operated electromechanical device with one or more sets of electrical contacts, which are connected to external circuits. Each set of electrical contacts can be in one of two states: either “closed” meaning the contacts are touching and electricity can flow between them, or “open”, meaning the contacts are separated and the switch is electrically non-conducting. The mechanism actuating the transition between these two states (open or closed) can be either an “alternate action” (flip the switch for continuous “on” or “off”) or “momentary” (push for “on” and release for “off”) type.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprising on device mode selection and visual feedback. As surgical devices evolve and become more capable, the number of specialized modes in which they can be operated increases. Adding extra button switches on a device to accommodate these new additional modes would complicate the user interface and make the device more difficult to use. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides techniques for assigning different modes to a single physical button switch, which enables a wider selection of modes without adding complexity to the housing design (e.g., adding more and more button switches). In one aspect, the housing is in the form of a handle or pistol grip.

As more specialized modes become available, there is a need to provide multiple modes to a surgeon using the surgical device without creating a complex user interface. Surgeons want to be able to control the mode selection from the sterile field rather than relying on a circulating nurse at the generator. Surgeon want real time feedback so they are confident they know which mode is selected.

FIG. 40 illustrates a surgical device 100 comprising a mode selection button switch 130 on the device 100, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The surgical device 100 comprises a housing 102 defining a handle 104 in the form of a pistol grip. The housing 102 comprises a trigger 106 which when squeezed is received into the internal space defined by the handle 104. The trigger 106 is used to operate a clamp arm 111 portion of an end-effector 110. A clamp jaw 112 is pivotally movable about pivot point 114. The housing 102 is coupled to the end-effector 110 through a shaft 108, which is rotatable by a knob 122.

The end-effector 110 comprises a clamp arm 111 and an ultrasonic blade 116. The clamp arm 111 comprises a clamp jaw 112, an electrode 118, and a clamp arm pad 120. In one aspect, the clamp arm pad 120 is made of a non-stick lubricious material such as PTFE or similar synthetic fluoropolymers of tetrafluoroethylene. PTFE is a hydrophobic, non-wetting, high density and resistant to high temperatures, and versatile material and non-stick properties. The clamp arm pad 120 is electrically non-conductive. In contrast, the electrode 118 is made of an electrically conductive material to deliver electrical energy such as monopolar RF, bipolar RF, microwave, or irreversible electroporation (IRE), for example. The electrode 118 may comprises gap setting pads made of a polyimide material, and in one aspect, is made of a durable high-performance polyimide-based plastic known under the tradename VESPEL and manufactured by DuPont or other suitable polyimide, polyimide polymer alloy, or PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone), PEKK (Poly Ether Ketone Ketone) polymer alloy, for example. Unless otherwise noted hereinbelow, the clamp arm pads and gap pads described hereinbelow are made of the materials described in this paragraph.

The electrode 118 and the ultrasonic blade 116 are coupled to the generator 133. The generator 133 is configured to drive RF, microwave, or IRE energy to the electrode 118. The generator 133 also is configured to drive an ultrasonic transducer acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic blade 116. In certain implementations, the electrode 118 is one pole of an electrical circuit and the ultrasonic blade 116 is the opposite pole of the electrical circuit. The housing 102 includes a switch 124 to activate the ultrasonic blade 116. The circuit may be contained in the housing 102 or may reside in the generator 133. The surgical device 100 is coupled to the generator 133 via a cable 131. The cable 131 conducts signals for the electrosurgical functions and the ultrasonic transducer.

In various aspects, the surgical device 100 is configured to deliver at least two energy types (e.g., ultrasonic, monopolar RF, bipolar RF, microwave, or irreversible electroporation [IRE]) to tissue located in the end-effector 110 between the clamp arm 111 and the ultrasonic blade 116. The housing 102 of the surgical device 100 includes a first activation button switch 126 for activating energy and a second “mode” button switch 130 for selecting an energy mode for the activation button switch. The second button switch 130 is connected to a circuit that uses at least one input parameter to define the energy mode. The input parameter can be modified remotely through connection to a generator or through a software update. The energy mode is displayed on a user interface 128.

In one aspect, the surgical instrument 100 provides mode switching through the on device directional selector “mode” button switch 130. The user can press the mode button switch 130 to toggle through different modes and the colored light on the user interface 128 indicates the selected mode.

According to various aspects of the present disclosure, different modes of operation can be assigned to the surgical device by pressing the “mode” button switch 130, where each time the mode button switch 130 is pressed, or pushed and held, the surgical device 100 toggles through the available modes, which are displayed on the user interface 128. Once a mode is selected, the generator 133 will provide the appropriate generator tone and the surgical device 100 will have a lighted indicator on the user interface 128 to indicate which mode was selected.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 40 , the “mode” selection button switch 130 is placed symmetrically on both sides of the housing 102. This enables both a right and left handed surgeon to select/toggle through modes without using a second hand. In this aspect, the “mode” selection button switch 130 can toggle in many different directions, which enables the surgeon to select from a list of options and navigate more complex selections remotely from the sterile field without having to ask a circulator to make adjustments at the generator 133. The lighted indicator on the user interface 128 of the surgical device 100, in addition to generator 133 tones, gives the surgeon feedback on which mode is selected.

FIGS. 41A-41C illustrate three options for selecting the various operating modes of the surgical device 100, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. In addition to the colored light user interface 128 on the housing 102 of the surgical device 100, feedback for mode selection is audible and/or visible through the generator 133 interface where the generator 133 announces the selected mode verbally and/or shows a description of the selected mode on a screen of the generator 133.

FIG. 41A shows a first mode selection option 132A where the button switch 130 can be pressed forward 136 or backward 134 to cycle the surgical instrument 100 through the various modes.

FIG. 41B shows a second mode selection option 132B where the button switch 130 is pressed up 140 or down 138 to cycle the surgical instrument 100 through the various modes.

FIG. 41C shows a third mode selection option 132C where the button switch 130 is pressed forward 136, backward 134, up 149, or down 138 to cycle the surgical instrument 100 through the various modes.

FIG. 42 illustrates a surgical device 150 comprising a mode selection button switch 180 on the back of the device 150, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The surgical device 150 comprises a housing 152 defining a handle 154 in the form of a pistol grip. The housing 152 comprises a trigger 156 which when squeezed is received into the internal space defined by the handle 154. The trigger 156 is used to operate a clamp arm 161 portion of an end-effector 160. A clamp jaw 162 is pivotally movable about pivot point 164. The housing 152 is coupled to the end-effector 160 through a shaft 158, which is rotatable by a knob 172.

The end-effector 160 comprises a clamp arm 161 and an ultrasonic blade 166. The clamp arm 161 comprises a clamp jaw 162, an electrode 168, and a clamp arm pad 170. In one aspect, the clamp arm pad 170 is made of a non-stick lubricious material such as PTFE or similar synthetic fluoropolymers of tetrafluoroethylene. PTFE is a hydrophobic, non-wetting, high density and resistant to high temperatures, and versatile material and non-stick properties. The clamp arm pad 170 is electrically non-conductive. In contrast, the electrode 168 is made of an electrically conductive material to deliver electrical energy such as monopolar RF, bipolar RF, microwave, or irreversible electroporation (IRE), for example. The electrode 168 may comprises gap setting pads made of a polyimide material, and in one aspect, is made of a durable high-performance polyimide-based plastic known under the tradename VESPEL and manufactured by DuPont or other suitable polyimide, polyimide polymer alloy, or PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone), PEKK (Poly Ether Ketone Ketone) polymer alloy, for example. Unless otherwise noted hereinbelow, the clamp arm pads and gap pads described hereinbelow are made of the materials described in this paragraph.

The electrode 168 and the ultrasonic blade 166 are coupled to the generator 133. The generator 133 is configured to drive RF, microwave, or IRE energy to the electrode 168. The generator 133 also is configured to drive an ultrasonic transducer acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic blade 166. In certain implementations, the electrode 168 is one pole of an electrical circuit and the ultrasonic blade 166 is the opposite pole of the electrical circuit. The housing 152 includes a switch 174 to activate the ultrasonic blade 166. The circuit may be contained in the housing 152 or may reside in the generator 133. The surgical device 150 is coupled to the generator 133 via a cable 181. The cable 181 conducts signals for the electrosurgical functions and the ultrasonic transducer.

In one aspect, the surgical instrument 150 provides mode switching through the on device directional selector “mode” button switch 180. The user can press the mode button switch 180 to toggle through different modes and the colored light on the user interface 178 indicates the selected mode.

According to various aspects of the present disclosure, different modes of operation can be assigned to the surgical device by pressing the “mode” button switch 180, where each time the mode button switch 180 is pressed, or pushed and held, the surgical device 150 toggles through the available modes, which are displayed on the user interface 178. Once a mode is selected, the generator 133 will provide the appropriate generator tone and the surgical device 150 will have a lighted indicator on the user interface 178 to indicate which mode was selected.

In the example illustrated in FIG. 42 , the “mode” selection button switch 180 is placed on the back of the surgical device 150. The location of the “mode” selection button switch 180 is out of the reach of the surgeon's hand holding the surgical device 150 so a second hand is required to change modes. This is intended to prevent inadvertent activation. In order to change modes, a surgeon must use her second hand to intentionally press the mode button switch 180. The lighted indicator on the user interface 178 of the surgical device 150, in addition to generator tones gives the surgeon feedback on which mode is selected.

FIG. 43A shows a first mode selection option where as the mode button switch 180 is pressed to toggled through various modes, colored light indicates the selected mode on the user interface 178.

FIG. 43B shows a second mode selection option where as the mode button switch 180 is pressed to toggle through various modes a screen 182 indicates the selected mode (e.g., LCD, e-ink).

FIG. 43C shows a third mode selection option where as the mode button switch 180 is pressed to toggle through various modes, labelled lights 184 indicate the selected mode.

FIG. 43D shows a fourth mode selection option where as a labeled button switch 186 is pressed to select a mode, when a labeled button switch 180 is selected, it is illuminated to indicate mode selected

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device comprising energy activation with trigger closure. As more functionality is added to advanced energy surgical devices additional button switches or controls are added to the surgical devices. The additional button switches or controls make these advanced energy surgical devices complicated and difficult to use. Additionally, when using an advanced energy surgical device to control bleeding, difficult to use user interfaces or difficult to access capability will cost critical time and attention during a surgical procedure.

According to the present disclosure, monopolar RF energy or advanced bipolar RF energy is activated by closing the trigger by squeezing the trigger past a first closure click to a second activation click and holding closed until energy delivery is ceased by the power source in the generator. Energy also can be immediately reapplied by slightly releasing and re-squeezing the trigger as many times as desired.

FIG. 44 illustrates a surgical device 190 comprising a trigger 196 activation mechanism, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The surgical device 190 comprises a housing 192 defining a handle 194 in the form of a pistol grip. The housing 192 comprises a trigger 196 which when squeezed is received into the internal space defined by the handle 194. The housing 192 is coupled to an end-effector through a shaft 198, which is rotatable by a knob 202. The surgical device 190 is coupled to a generator 206 via a cable 204. The cable 204 conducts signals for the electrosurgical functions and the ultrasonic transducer.

The trigger 196 is configured to operate a clamp arm portion of an end-effector and to trigger electrosurgical energy, thus eliminating the activation button switch 126, 176 shown in FIGS. 40 and 42 . The trigger 196 closes to a first audible and tactile click to close the jaws for grasping tissue and further closes to a second audible and tactile click to activate electrosurgical energy such as monopolar or bipolar RF. Microwave, or IRE energy. The full sequence is completed by activating the front button switch which cuts using ultrasonic energy.

Procedure for operating the surgical device 190: squeeze the trigger 196 to a first audible and tactile click; verify targeted tissue in jaws; activate RF energy by further squeezing the trigger 196 to a second audible and tactile click until end tone is heard; cut by pressing ultrasonic front switch 200 until tissue divides.

Modified procedure for operating the surgical instrument 190 for additional capability: activate RF energy with the trigger 196 and hold while simultaneously activation the front button switch 200 to activate the ultrasonic transducer, which will result in simultaneous application of electrosurgical and ultrasonic energy modalities being delivered to the tissue at the same time.

In an alternative implementation, the front button switch 200 for activating ultrasonic energy may be toggled to different speeds via a mode selector on the surgical device 190 or on the power source generator 206.

The

surgical instruments

100, 150, 190 and associated algorithms described above in connection with FIGS. 40-44 comprising the end-effectors described in FIGS. 1-39 may be implemented in the following surgical hub system in conjunction with the following generator and modular energy system, for example.

FIG. 45 illustrates an alternative clamp arm comprising a metal clamp jaw, an electrode, a plurality of clamp arm pads, and gap pads, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. FIG. 45 illustrates an alternative clamp arm 2900 comprising a metal clamp jaw 2904, an electrode 2906, a plurality of clamp arm pads 2920 extend through holes in the electrode 2906, a gap pad 2930, and a gap pad 2910, according to at least one aspect of the present disclosure. The electrode 2906 is attached to the metal jaw 2906 at weld locations 2908. The electrode 2906 wraps around the metal clamp jaw 2904 and electrode 2906 can deflect. The gap pad 2910 has a top PI layer 2912 and a bottom elastomer layer 2914 for pressure control that is attached directly to the metal clamp jaw 2904. The clamp arm pads 2920 are attached directly to the metal clamp jaw 2904 and are composite pads with a high pressure center zone 2922 made of PTFE for reduced heat and an outer zone 2924 made of PI for electrode 2906 deflection.

In one aspect, the combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device is configured to operate within a surgical hub system. FIG. 46 is a surgical system 3102 comprising a surgical hub 3106 paired with a visualization system 3108, a robotic system 3110, and an intelligent instrument 3112, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. Referring now to FIG. 46 , the hub 3106 is depicted in communication with a visualization system 3108, a robotic system 3110, and a handheld intelligent surgical instrument 3112 configured in a similar manner to the

surgical instruments

100, 150, 190 as described in FIGS. 40-45 . The hub 3106 includes a hub display 3135, an imaging module 3138, a generator module 3140, a communication module 3130, a processor module 3132, and a storage array 3134. In certain aspects, as illustrated in FIG. 46 , the hub 3106 further includes a smoke evacuation module 3126 and/or a suction/irrigation module 3128.

During a surgical procedure, energy application to tissue, for sealing and/or cutting, is generally associated with smoke evacuation, suction of excess fluid, and/or irrigation of the tissue. Fluid, power, and/or data lines from different sources are often entangled during the surgical procedure. Valuable time can be lost addressing this issue during a surgical procedure. Detangling the lines may necessitate disconnecting the lines from their respective modules, which may require resetting the modules. The hub modular enclosure 3136 offers a unified environment for managing the power, data, and fluid lines, which reduces the frequency of entanglement between such lines.

Aspects of the present disclosure present a surgical hub for use in a surgical procedure that involves energy application to tissue at a surgical site. The surgical hub includes a hub enclosure and a combo generator module slidably receivable in a docking station of the hub enclosure. The docking station includes data and power contacts. The combo generator module includes two or more of an ultrasonic energy generator component, a bipolar RF energy generator component, and a monopolar RF energy generator component that are housed in a single unit. In one aspect, the combo generator module also includes a smoke evacuation component, at least one energy delivery cable for connecting the combo generator module to a surgical instrument, at least one smoke evacuation component configured to evacuate smoke, fluid, and/or particulates generated by the application of therapeutic energy to the tissue, and a fluid line extending from the remote surgical site to the smoke evacuation component.

In one aspect, the fluid line is a first fluid line and a second fluid line extends from the remote surgical site to a suction and irrigation module slidably received in the hub enclosure. In one aspect, the hub enclosure comprises a fluid interface.

Certain surgical procedures may require the application of more than one energy type to the tissue. One energy type may be more beneficial for cutting the tissue, while another different energy type may be more beneficial for sealing the tissue. For example, a bipolar generator can be used to seal the tissue while an ultrasonic generator can be used to cut the sealed tissue. Aspects of the present disclosure present a solution where a hub modular enclosure 136 is configured to accommodate different generators, and facilitate an interactive communication therebetween. One of the advantages of the hub modular enclosure 136 is enabling the quick removal and/or replacement of various modules.

Aspects of the present disclosure present a modular surgical enclosure for use in a surgical procedure that involves energy application to tissue. The modular surgical enclosure includes a first energy-generator module, configured to generate a first energy for application to the tissue, and a first docking station comprising a first docking port that includes first data and power contacts, wherein the first energy-generator module is slidably movable into an electrical engagement with the power and data contacts and wherein the first energy-generator module is slidably movable out of the electrical engagement with the first power and data contacts,

Further to the above, the modular surgical enclosure also includes a second energy-generator module configured to generate a second energy, different than the first energy, for application to the tissue, and a second docking station comprising a second docking port that includes second data and power contacts, wherein the second energy-generator module is slidably movable into an electrical engagement with the power and data contacts, and wherein the second energy-generator module is slidably movable out of the electrical engagement with the second power and data contacts.

In addition, the modular surgical enclosure also includes a communication bus between the first docking port and the second docking port, configured to facilitate communication between the first energy-generator module and the second energy-generator module.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a generator configured to drive the combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. FIG. 47 illustrates an example of a generator 3900, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 47 , the generator 3900 is one form of a generator configured to couple to a

surgical instrument

100, 150, 190 as described in FIGS. 40-45 , and further configured to execute adaptive ultrasonic and electrosurgical control algorithms in a surgical data network comprising a modular communication hub as shown in FIG. 46 . The generator 3900 is configured to deliver multiple energy modalities to a surgical instrument. The generator 3900 provides RF and ultrasonic signals for delivering energy to a surgical instrument either independently or simultaneously. The RF and ultrasonic signals may be provided alone or in combination and may be provided simultaneously. As noted above, at least one generator output can deliver multiple energy modalities (e.g., ultrasonic, bipolar or monopolar RF, irreversible and/or reversible electroporation, and/or microwave energy, among others) through a single port, and these signals can be delivered separately or simultaneously to the end effector to treat tissue. The generator 3900 comprises a processor 3902 coupled to a waveform generator 3904. The processor 3902 and waveform generator 3904 are configured to generate a variety of signal waveforms based on information stored in a memory coupled to the processor 3902, not shown for clarity of disclosure. The digital information associated with a waveform is provided to the waveform generator 3904 which includes one or more DAC circuits to convert the digital input into an analog output. The analog output is fed to an amplifier 3906 for signal conditioning and amplification. The conditioned and amplified output of the amplifier 3906 is coupled to a power transformer 3908. The signals are coupled across the power transformer 3908 to the secondary side, which is in the patient isolation side. A first signal of a first energy modality is provided to the surgical instrument between the terminals labeled ENERGY1 and RETURN. A second signal of a second energy modality is coupled across a capacitor 3910 and is provided to the surgical instrument between the terminals labeled ENERGY2 and RETURN. It will be appreciated that more than two energy modalities may be output and thus the subscript “n” may be used to designate that up to n ENERGYn terminals may be provided, where n is a positive integer greater than 1. It also will be appreciated that up to “n” return paths RETURNn may be provided without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

A first voltage sensing circuit 3912 is coupled across the terminals labeled ENERGY1 and the RETURN path to measure the output voltage therebetween. A second voltage sensing circuit 3924 is coupled across the terminals labeled ENERGY2 and the RETURN path to measure the output voltage therebetween. A current sensing circuit 3914 is disposed in series with the RETURN leg of the secondary side of the power transformer 3908 as shown to measure the output current for either energy modality. If different return paths are provided for each energy modality, then a separate current sensing circuit should be provided in each return leg. The outputs of the first and second voltage sensing circuits 3912, 3924 are provided to

respective isolation transformers

3916, 3922 and the output of the current sensing circuit 3914 is provided to another isolation transformer 3918. The outputs of the

isolation transformers

3916, 3928, 3922 in the on the primary side of the power transformer 3908 (non-patient isolated side) are provided to a one or more ADC circuit 3926. The digitized output of the ADC circuit 3926 is provided to the processor 3902 for further processing and computation. The output voltages and output current feedback information can be employed to adjust the output voltage and current provided to the surgical instrument and to compute output impedance, among other parameters. Input/output communications between the processor 3902 and patient isolated circuits is provided through an interface circuit 3920. Sensors also may be in electrical communication with the processor 3902 by way of the interface circuit 3920.

In one aspect, the impedance may be determined by the processor 3902 by dividing the output of either the first voltage sensing circuit 3912 coupled across the terminals labeled ENERGY1/RETURN or the second voltage sensing circuit 3924 coupled across the terminals labeled ENERGY2/RETURN by the output of the current sensing circuit 3914 disposed in series with the RETURN leg of the secondary side of the power transformer 3908. The outputs of the first and second voltage sensing circuits 3912, 3924 are provided to separate

isolations transformers

3916, 3922 and the output of the current sensing circuit 3914 is provided to another isolation transformer 3916. The digitized voltage and current sensing measurements from the ADC circuit 3926 are provided the processor 3902 for computing impedance. As an example, the first energy modality ENERGY1 may be ultrasonic energy and the second energy modality ENERGY2 may be RF energy. Nevertheless, in addition to ultrasonic and bipolar or monopolar RF energy modalities, other energy modalities include irreversible and/or reversible electroporation and/or microwave energy, among others. Also, although the example illustrated in FIG. 47 shows a single return path RETURN may be provided for two or more energy modalities, in other aspects, multiple return paths RETURNn may be provided for each energy modality ENERGYn. Thus, as described herein, the ultrasonic transducer impedance may be measured by dividing the output of the first voltage sensing circuit 3912 by the current sensing circuit 3914 and the tissue impedance may be measured by dividing the output of the second voltage sensing circuit 3924 by the current sensing circuit 3914.

As shown in FIG. 47 , the generator 3900 comprising at least one output port can include a power transformer 3908 with a single output and with multiple taps to provide power in the form of one or more energy modalities, such as ultrasonic, bipolar or monopolar RF, irreversible and/or reversible electroporation, and/or microwave energy, among others, for example, to the end effector depending on the type of treatment of tissue being performed. For example, the generator 3900 can deliver energy with higher voltage and lower current to drive an ultrasonic transducer, with lower voltage and higher current to drive RF electrodes for sealing tissue, or with a coagulation waveform for spot coagulation using either monopolar or bipolar RF electrosurgical electrodes. The output waveform from the generator 3900 can be steered, switched, or filtered to provide the frequency to the end effector of the surgical instrument. The connection of an ultrasonic transducer to the generator 3900 output would be preferably located between the output labeled ENERGY1 and RETURN as shown in FIG. 46 . In one example, a connection of RF bipolar electrodes to the generator 3900 output would be preferably located between the output labeled ENERGY2 and RETURN. In the case of monopolar output, the preferred connections would be active electrode (e.g., pencil or other probe) to the ENERGY2 output and a suitable return pad connected to the RETURN output.

Additional details are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017/0086914, titled TECHNIQUES FOR OPERATING GENERATOR FOR DIGITALLY GENERATING ELECTRICAL SIGNAL WAVEFORMS AND SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, which published on Mar. 30, 2017, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a modular energy system configured to drive the combination ultrasonic/bipolar RF energy surgical device. FIG. 48 is a diagram of various modules and other components that are combinable to customize modular energy systems, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. FIG. 49A is a first illustrative modular energy system configuration including a header module and a display screen that renders a graphical user interface (GUI) for relaying information regarding modules connected to the header module, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure. FIG. 49B is the modular energy system shown in FIG. 49B mounted to a cart, in accordance with at least one aspect of the present disclosure.

With reference now to FIGS. 47-49B, ORs everywhere in the world are a tangled web of cords, devices, and people due to the amount of equipment required to perform surgical procedures. Surgical capital equipment tends to be a major contributor to this issue because most surgical capital equipment performs a single, specialized task. Due to their specialized nature and the surgeons' needs to utilize multiple different types of devices during the course of a single surgical procedure, an OR may be forced to be stocked with two or even more pieces of surgical capital equipment, such as energy generators. Each of these pieces of surgical capital equipment must be individually plugged into a power source and may be connected to one or more other devices that are being passed between OR personnel, creating a tangle of cords that must be navigated. Another issue faced in modern ORs is that each of these specialized pieces of surgical capital equipment has its own user interface and must be independently controlled from the other pieces of equipment within the OR. This creates complexity in properly controlling multiple different devices in connection with each other and forces users to be trained on and memorize different types of user interfaces (which may further change based upon the task or surgical procedure being performed, in addition to changing between each piece of capital equipment). This cumbersome, complex process can necessitate the need for even more individuals to be present within the OR and can create danger if multiple devices are not properly controlled in tandem with each other. Therefore, consolidating surgical capital equipment technology into singular systems that are able to flexibly address surgeons' needs to reduce the footprint of surgical capital equipment within ORs would simplify the user experience, reduce the amount of clutter in ORs, and prevent difficulties and dangers associated with simultaneously controlling multiple pieces of capital equipment. Further, making such systems expandable or customizable would allow for new technology to be conveniently incorporated into existing surgical systems, obviating the need to replace entire surgical systems or for OR personnel to learn new user interfaces or equipment controls with each new technology.

A surgical hub can be configured to interchangeably receive a variety of modules, which can in turn interface with surgical devices (e.g., a surgical instrument or a smoke evacuator) or provide various other functions (e.g., communications). In one aspect, a surgical hub can be embodied as a modular energy system 4000, which is illustrated in connection with FIGS. 48-49B. The modular energy system 4000 can include a variety of different modules 4001 that are connectable together in a stacked configuration. In one aspect, the modules 4001 can be both physically and communicably coupled together when stacked or otherwise connected together into a singular assembly. Further, the modules 4001 can be interchangeably connectable together in different combinations or arrangements. In one aspect, each of the modules 4001 can include a consistent or universal array of connectors disposed along their upper and lower surfaces, thereby allowing any module 4001 to be connected to another module 4001 in any arrangement (except that, in some aspects, a particular module type, such as the header module 4002, can be configured to serve as the uppermost module within the stack, for example). In an alternative aspect, the modular energy system 4000 can include a housing that is configured to receive and retain the modules 4001, as is shown in FIG. 46 . The modular energy system 4000 can also include a variety of different components or accessories that are also connectable to or otherwise associatable with the modules 4001. In another aspect, the modular energy system 4000 can be embodied as a generator module 3140, 3900 (FIGS. 46-47 ) of a surgical hub 3106. In yet another aspect, the modular energy system 4000 can be a distinct system from a surgical hub 3106. In such aspects, the modular energy system 4000 can be communicably couplable to a surgical hub 3106 for transmitting and/or receiving data therebetween.

The modular energy system 4000 can be assembled from a variety of different modules 4001, some examples of which are illustrated in FIG. 48 . Each of the different types of modules 4001 can provide different functionality, thereby allowing the modular energy system 4000 to be assembled into different configurations to customize the functions and capabilities of the modular energy system 4000 by customizing the modules 4001 that are included in each modular energy system 4000. The modules 4001 of the modular energy system 4000 can include, for example, a header module 4002 (which can include a display screen 4006), an energy module 4004, a technology module 4040, and a visualization module 4042. In the depicted aspect, the header module 4002 is configured to serve as the top or uppermost module within the modular energy system stack and can thus lack connectors along its top surface. In another aspect, the header module 4002 can be configured to be positioned at the bottom or the lowermost module within the modular energy system stack and can thus lack connectors along its bottom surface. In yet another aspect, the header module 4002 can be configured to be positioned at an intermediate position within the modular energy system stack and can thus include connectors along both its bottom and top surfaces. The header module 4002 can be configured to control the system-wide settings of each module 4001 and component connected thereto through physical controls 4011 thereon and/or a graphical user interface (GUI) 4008 rendered on the display screen 4006. Such settings could include the activation of the modular energy system 4000, the volume of alerts, the footswitch settings, the settings icons, the appearance or configuration of the user interface, the surgeon profile logged into the modular energy system 4000, and/or the type of surgical procedure being performed. The header module 4002 can also be configured to provide communications, processing, and/or power for the modules 4001 that are connected to the header module 4002. The energy module 4004, which can also be referred to as a generator module 3140, 3900 (FIGS. 46-47 ), can be configured to generate one or multiple energy modalities for driving electrosurgical and/or ultrasonic surgical instruments connected thereto, such as is described above in connection with the generator 3900 illustrated in FIG. 47 . The technology module 4040 can be configured to provide additional or expanded control algorithms (e.g., electrosurgical or ultrasonic control algorithms for controlling the energy output of the energy module 4004). The visualization module 4042 can be configured to interface with visualization devices (i.e., scopes) and accordingly provide increased visualization capabilities.

The modular energy system 4000 can further include a variety of accessories 4029 that are connectable to the modules 4001 for controlling the functions thereof or that are otherwise configured to work on conjunction with the modular energy system 4000. The accessories 4029 can include, for example, a single-pedal footswitch 4032, a dual-pedal footswitch 4034, and a cart 4030 for supporting the modular energy system 4000 thereon. The

footswitches

4032, 4034 can be configured to control the activation or function of particular energy modalities output by the energy module 4004, for example.

By utilizing modular components, the depicted modular energy system 4000 provides a surgical platform that grows with the availability of technology and is customizable to the needs of the facility and/or surgeons. Further, the modular energy system 4000 supports combo devices (e.g., dual electrosurgical and ultrasonic energy generators) and supports software-driven algorithms for customized tissue effects. Still further, the surgical system architecture reduces the capital footprint by combining multiple technologies critical for surgery into a single system.

The various modular components utilizable in connection with the modular energy system 4000 can include monopolar energy generators, bipolar energy generators, dual electrosurgical/ultrasonic energy generators, display screens, and various other modules and/or other components, some of which are also described above in connection with FIGS. 1-45 .

Referring now to FIG. 49A, the header module 4002 can, in some aspects, include a display screen 4006 that renders a GUI 4008 for relaying information regarding the modules 4001 connected to the header module 4002. In some aspects, the GUI 4008 of the display screen 4006 can provide a consolidated point of control of all of the modules 4001 making up the particular configuration of the modular energy system 4000. In alternative aspects, the header module 4002 can lack the display screen 4006 or the display screen 4006 can be detachably connected to the housing 4010 of the header module 4002. In such aspects, the header module 4002 can be communicably couplable to an external system that is configured to display the information generated by the modules 4001 of the modular energy system 4000. For example, in robotic surgical applications, the modular energy system 4000 can be communicably couplable to a robotic cart or robotic control console, which is configured to display the information generated by the modular energy system 4000 to the operator of the robotic surgical system. As another example, the modular energy system 4000 can be communicably couplable to a mobile display that can be carried or secured to a surgical staff member for viewing thereby. In yet another example, the modular energy system 4000 can be communicably couplable to a surgical hub 4100 or another computer system that can include a display 4104. In aspects utilizing a user interface that is separate from or otherwise distinct from the modular energy system 4000, the user interface can be wirelessly connectable with the modular energy system 4000 as a whole or one or more modules 4001 thereof such that the user interface can display information from the connected modules 4001 thereon.

Referring still to FIG. 49A, the energy module 4004 can include a port assembly 4012 including a number of different ports configured to deliver different energy modalities to corresponding surgical instruments that are connectable thereto. In the particular aspect illustrated in FIGS. 48-49B, the port assembly 4012 includes a bipolar port 4014, a first monopolar port 4016 a, a second monopolar port 4018 b, a neutral electrode port 4018 (to which a monopolar return pad is connectable), and a combination energy port 4020. However, this particular combination of ports is simply provided for illustrative purposes and alternative combinations of ports and/or energy modalities may be possible for the port assembly 4012.

As noted above, the modular energy system 4000 can be assembled into different configurations. Further, the different configurations of the modular energy system 4000 can also be utilizable for different surgical procedure types and/or different tasks. For example, FIGS. 49A-49B illustrate a first illustrative configuration of the modular energy system 4000 including a header module 4002 (including a display screen 4006) and an energy module 4004 connected together. Such a configuration can be suitable for laparoscopic and open surgical procedures, for example.

FIGS. 50-54 illustrate an example surgical system 10 with ultrasonic and electrosurgical features including any one of the end-effectors, surgical instruments, and generators described herein. FIG. 50 depicts a surgical system 10 including a generator 12 and a surgical instrument 14. The surgical instrument 14 is operatively coupled with the generator 12 via a power cable 16. The generator 12 is operable to power the surgical instrument 14 to deliver ultrasonic energy for cutting tissue, and electrosurgical bipolar RF energy (i.e., therapeutic levels of RF energy) for sealing tissue. In one aspect, the generator 12 is configured to power the surgical instrument 14 to deliver ultrasonic energy and electrosurgical bipolar RF energy simultaneously or independently.

The surgical instrument 14 of the present example comprises a handle assembly 18, a shaft assembly 20 extending distally from the handle assembly 18, and an end effector 22 arranged at a distal end of the shaft assembly 20. The handle assembly 18 comprises a body 24 including a pistol grip 26 and

energy control buttons

28, 30 configured to be manipulated by a surgeon. A trigger 32 is coupled to a lower portion of the body 24 and is pivotable toward and away from the pistol grip 26 to selectively actuate the end effector 22, as described in greater detail below. In other suitable variations of the surgical instrument 14, the handle assembly 18 may comprise a scissor grip configuration, for example. An ultrasonic transducer 34 is housed internally within and supported by the body 24. In other configurations, the ultrasonic transducer 34 may be provided externally of the body 24.

As shown in FIGS. 51 and 52 , the end effector 22 includes an ultrasonic blade 36 and a clamp arm 38 configured to selectively pivot toward and away from the ultrasonic blade 36, for clamping tissue therebetween. The ultrasonic blade 36 is acoustically coupled with the ultrasonic transducer 34, which is configured to drive (i.e., vibrate) the ultrasonic blade 36 at ultrasonic frequencies for cutting and/or sealing tissue positioned in contact with the ultrasonic blade 36. The clamp arm 38 is operatively coupled with the trigger 32 such that the clamp arm 38 is configured to pivot toward the ultrasonic blade 36, to a closed position, in response to pivoting of the trigger 32 toward the pistol grip 26. Further, the clamp arm 38 is configured to pivot away from the ultrasonic blade 36, to an open position (see e.g., FIGS. 50-52 ), in response to pivoting of the trigger 32 away from the pistol grip 26. Various suitable ways in which the clamp arm 38 may be coupled with the trigger 32 will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the teachings provided herein. In some versions, one or more resilient members may be incorporated to bias the clamp arm 38 and/or the trigger 32 toward the open position.

A clamp pad 40 is secured to and extends distally along a clamping side of the clamp arm 38, facing the ultrasonic blade 36. The clamp pad 40 is configured to engage and clamp tissue against a corresponding tissue treatment portion of the ultrasonic blade 36 when the clamp arm 38 is actuated to its closed position. At least a clamping-side of the clamp arm 38 provides a first electrode 42, referred to herein as clamp arm electrode 42. Additionally, at least a clamping-side of the ultrasonic blade 36 provides a second electrode 44, referred to herein as a blade electrode 44. The

electrodes

42, 44 are configured to apply electrosurgical bipolar RF energy, provided by the generator 12, to tissue electrically coupled with the

electrodes

42, 44. The clamp arm electrode 42 may serve as an active electrode while the blade electrode 44 serves as a return electrode, or vice-versa. The surgical instrument 14 may be configured to apply the electrosurgical bipolar RF energy through the

electrodes

42, 44 while vibrating the ultrasonic blade 36 at an ultrasonic frequency, before vibrating the ultrasonic blade 36 at an ultrasonic frequency, and/or after vibrating the ultrasonic blade 36 at an ultrasonic frequency.

As shown in FIGS. 50-54 , the shaft assembly 20 extends along a longitudinal axis and includes an outer tube 46, an inner tube 48 received within the outer tube 46, and an ultrasonic waveguide 50 supported within the inner tube 48. As seen best in FIGS. 51-54 , the clamp arm 38 is coupled to distal ends of the inner and

outer tubes

46, 48. In particular, the clamp arm 38 includes a pair of proximally extending clevis arms 52 that receive therebetween and pivotably couple to a distal end 54 of the inner tube 48 with a pivot pin 56 received through bores formed in the clevis arms 52 and the distal end 54 of the inner tube 48. The first and second clevis fingers 58 depend downwardly from the clevis arms 52 and pivotably couple to a distal end 60 of the outer tube 46. Specifically, each clevis finger 58 includes a protrusion 62 that is rotatably received within a corresponding opening 64 formed in a sidewall of the distal end 60 of the outer tube 46.

In the present example, the inner tube 48 is longitudinally fixed relative to the handle assembly 18, and the outer tube 46 is configured to translate relative to the inner tube 48 and the handle assembly 18, along the longitudinal axis of the shaft assembly 20. As the outer tube 46 translates distally, the clamp arm 38 pivots about the pivot pin 56 toward its open position. As the outer tube 46 translates proximally, the clamp arm 38 pivots in an opposite direction toward its closed position. A proximal end of the outer tube 46 is operatively coupled with the trigger 32, for example via a linkage assembly, such that actuation of the trigger 32 causes translation of the outer tube 46 relative to the inner tube 48, thereby opening or closing the clamp arm 38. In other suitable configurations not shown herein, the outer tube 46 may be longitudinally fixed and the inner tube 48 may be configured to translate for moving the clamp arm 38 between its open and closed positions.

The shaft assembly 20 and the end effector 22 are configured to rotate together about the longitudinal axis, relative to the handle assembly 18. A retaining pin 66, shown in FIG. 53 , extends transversely through the proximal portions of the outer tube 46, the inner tube 48, and the waveguide 50 to thereby couple these components rotationally relative to one another. In the present example, a rotation knob 68 is provided at a proximal end portion of the shaft assembly 20 to facilitate rotation of the shaft assembly 20, and the end effector 22, relative to the handle assembly 18. The rotation knob 68 is secured rotationally to the shaft assembly 20 with the retaining pin 66, which extends through a proximal collar of the rotation knob 68. It will be appreciated that in other suitable configurations, the rotation knob 68 may be omitted or substituted with alternative rotational actuation structures.

The ultrasonic waveguide 50 is acoustically coupled at its proximal end with the ultrasonic transducer 34, for example by a threaded connection, and at its distal end with the ultrasonic blade 36, as shown in FIG. 54 . The ultrasonic blade 36 is shown formed integrally with the waveguide 50 such that the blade 36 extends distally, directly from the distal end of the waveguide 50. In this manner, the waveguide 50 acoustically couples the ultrasonic transducer 34 with the ultrasonic blade 36, and functions to communicate ultrasonic mechanical vibrations from the transducer 34 to the blade 36. Accordingly, the ultrasonic transducer 34, the waveguide 50, and the ultrasonic blade 36 together define an acoustic assembly. During use, the ultrasonic blade 36 may be positioned in direct contact with tissue, with or without assistive clamping force provided by the clamp arm 38, to impart ultrasonic vibrational energy to the tissue and thereby cut and/or seal the tissue. For example, the blade 36 may cut through tissue clamped between the clamp arm 38 and a first treatment side of the blade 36, or the blade 36 may cut through tissue positioned in contact with an oppositely disposed second treatment side of the blade 36, for example during a “back-cutting” movement. In some variations, the waveguide 50 may amplify the ultrasonic vibrations delivered to the blade 36. Further, the waveguide 50 may include various features operable to control the gain of the vibrations, and/or features suitable to tune the waveguide 50 to a selected resonant frequency. Additional features of the ultrasonic blade 36 and the waveguide 50 are described in greater detail below.

The waveguide 50 is supported within the inner tube 48 by a plurality of nodal support elements 70 positioned along a length of the waveguide 50, as shown in FIGS. 53-54 . Specifically, the nodal support elements 70 are positioned longitudinally along the waveguide 50 at locations corresponding to acoustic nodes defined by the resonant ultrasonic vibrations communicated through the waveguide 50. The nodal support elements 70 may provide structural support to the waveguide 50, and acoustic isolation between the waveguide 50 and the inner and

outer tubes

46, 48 of the shaft assembly 20. In variations, the nodal support elements 70 may comprise o-rings. The waveguide 50 is supported at its distal-most acoustic node by a nodal support element in the form of an overmold member 72, shown in FIG. 54 . The waveguide 50 is secured longitudinally and rotationally within the shaft assembly 20 by the retaining pin 66, which passes through a transverse through-bore 74 formed at a proximally arranged acoustic node of the waveguide 50, such as the proximal-most acoustic node, for example.

In the present example, a distal tip 76 of the ultrasonic blade 36 is located at a position corresponding to an anti-node associated with the resonant ultrasonic vibrations communicated through the waveguide 50. Such a configuration enables the acoustic assembly of the instrument 14 to be tuned to a preferred resonant frequency f₀when the ultrasonic blade 36 is not loaded by tissue. When the ultrasonic transducer 34 is energized by the generator 12 to transmit mechanical vibrations through the waveguide 50 to the blade 36, the distal tip 76 of the blade 36 is caused to oscillate longitudinally in the range of approximately 20 to 120 microns peak-to-peak, for example, and in some instances in the range of approximately 20 to 50 microns, at a predetermined vibratory frequency f₀of approximately 50 kHz, for example. When the ultrasonic blade 36 is positioned in contact with tissue, the ultrasonic oscillation of the blade 36 may simultaneously sever the tissue and denature the proteins in adjacent tissue cells, thereby providing a coagulative effect with minimal thermal spread.

EXAMPLES

Examples of various aspects of end-effectors and surgical instruments of the present disclosure are provided below. An aspect of the end-effector or surgical instrument may include any one or more than one, and any combination of, the examples described below:

- Example 1. An end-effector, comprising: a clamp arm; and an ultrasonic blade configured to acoustically couple to an ultrasonic transducer and to electrically couple to a pole of an electrical generator; wherein the clamp arm comprises: a clamp jaw; a cantilever electrode configured to electrically couple to an opposite pole of the electrical generator, wherein the cantilever electrode is fixed to a proximal end of the clamp jaw and is free to deflect at a distal end of the clamp jaw; and an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad comprising a plurality of teeth.
- Example 2. The end-effector of Example 1, wherein the cantilever electrode comprises a distal conductive element located at the distal end of the cantilever electrode.
- Example 3. The end-effector of Example 2, wherein the distal conductive element generates a signal to indicate contact between the distal conductive element and the ultrasonic blade
- Example 4. The end-effector of claim 3, wherein the signal is impedance over time.
- Example 5. A surgical instrument, comprising: a housing; an ultrasonic transducer; a control circuit configured to execute logic; an end-effector, comprising: a clamp arm; and an ultrasonic blade acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic transducer and electrically coupled to a pole of an electrical generator; wherein the clamp arm comprises: a clamp jaw; a cantilever electrode coupled to an opposite pole of the electrical generator, wherein the cantilever electrode is fixed to a proximal end of the clamp jaw and is free to deflect at a distal end of the clamp jaw; and wherein the control circuit is configured to: detect the distal conductive element contact with the ultrasonic blade; and adjust power applied to the ultrasonic blade based on detection of the contact.
- Example 6. The surgical instrument of Example 5, further comprising an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad comprising a plurality of teeth.
- Example 7. The surgical instrument of any one of Example 5-6, wherein the cantilever electrode comprises a distal conductive element located at the distal end of the cantilever electrode.
- Example 8. The surgical instrument of Example 7, wherein when the control circuit is configured to detect a signal generated by the distal conductive element and reduce power applied to the ultrasonic blade to minimize damage to the electrode and/or the ultrasonic blade.
- Example 9. The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 5-8, wherein the control circuit is configured to detect impedance to indicate contact between the ultrasonic blade and the cantilever electrode.
- Example 10. The surgical instrument of Example 9, wherein the control circuit is configured to reduce power applied to the ultrasonic blade based the detected impedance.
- Example 11. The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 9-10, wherein when the detected impedance is above a predefined threshold, the control circuit is configured to apply a power level to the ultrasonic blade optimized for cutting.
- Example 12. The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 9-11, wherein when the detected impedance is at or below a predefined threshold, the control circuit is configured to apply a power level to the ultrasonic blade to reduce an amount of time that the ultrasonic blade is active while in contact with the distal conductive element.
- Example 13. The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 5-12, further comprising an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad comprising a plurality of teeth.
- Example 14. A surgical instrument, comprising: a housing; an ultrasonic transducer; and an end-effector comprising: a clamp arm; and an ultrasonic blade configured to acoustically couple to the ultrasonic transducer and to electrically couple to a pole of an electrical generator; wherein the clamp arm comprises: a clamp jaw; a cantilever electrode configured to electrically couple to an opposite pole of the electrical generator, wherein the cantilever electrode is fixed to a proximal end of the clamp jaw and is free to deflect at a distal end of the clamp jaw.
- Example 15. The surgical instrument of Example 14, wherein the cantilever electrode comprises a distal conductive element located at the distal end of the cantilever electrode.
- Example 16. The surgical instrument of Example 15, wherein the distal conductive element generates a signal to indicate contact between the ultrasonic blade and the distal conductive element.
- Example 17. The surgical instrument of Example 16, wherein the signal is impedance over time.
- Example 18. The surgical instrument of any one of Examples 14-17, further comprising an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad comprising a plurality of teeth.

While several forms have been illustrated and described, it is not the intention of Applicant to restrict or limit the scope of the appended claims to such detail. Numerous modifications, variations, changes, substitutions, combinations, and equivalents to those forms may be implemented and will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, the structure of each element associated with the described forms can be alternatively described as a means for providing the function performed by the element. Also, where materials are disclosed for certain components, other materials may be used. It is therefore to be understood that the foregoing description and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, combinations, and variations as falling within the scope of the disclosed forms. The appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, variations, changes, substitutions, modifications, and equivalents.

The foregoing detailed description has set forth various forms of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. Those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the forms disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as one or more program products in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative form of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution.

Instructions used to program logic to perform various disclosed aspects can be stored within a memory in the system, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), cache, flash memory, or other storage. Furthermore, the instructions can be distributed via a network or by way of other computer readable media. Thus a machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer), but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks, compact disc, read-only memory (CD-ROMs), and magneto-optical disks, read-only memory (ROMs), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magnetic or optical cards, flash memory, or a tangible, machine-readable storage used in the transmission of information over the Internet via electrical, optical, acoustical or other forms of propagated signals (e.g., carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, etc.). Accordingly, the non-transitory computer-readable medium includes any type of tangible machine-readable medium suitable for storing or transmitting electronic instructions or information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer).

As used in any aspect herein, the term “control circuit” may refer to, for example, hardwired circuitry, programmable circuitry (e.g., a computer processor including one or more individual instruction processing cores, processing unit, processor, microcontroller, microcontroller unit, controller, digital signal processor (DSP), programmable logic device (PLD), programmable logic array (PLA), or field programmable gate array (FPGA)), state machine circuitry, firmware that stores instructions executed by programmable circuitry, and any combination thereof. The control circuit may, collectively or individually, be embodied as circuitry that forms part of a larger system, for example, an integrated circuit (IC), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system on-chip (SoC), desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, servers, smart phones, etc. Accordingly, as used herein “control circuit” includes, but is not limited to, electrical circuitry having at least one discrete electrical circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one integrated circuit, electrical circuitry having at least one application specific integrated circuit, electrical circuitry forming a general purpose computing device configured by a computer program (e.g., a general purpose computer configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein, or a microprocessor configured by a computer program which at least partially carries out processes and/or devices described herein), electrical circuitry forming a memory device (e.g., forms of random access memory), and/or electrical circuitry forming a communications device (e.g., a modem, communications switch, or optical-electrical equipment). Those having skill in the art will recognize that the subject matter described herein may be implemented in an analog or digital fashion or some combination thereof.

As used in any aspect herein, the term “logic” may refer to an app, software, firmware and/or circuitry configured to perform any of the aforementioned operations. Software may be embodied as a software package, code, instructions, instruction sets and/or data recorded on non-transitory computer readable storage medium. Firmware may be embodied as code, instructions or instruction sets and/or data that are hard-coded (e.g., nonvolatile) in memory devices.

As used in any aspect herein, the terms “component,” “system,” “module” and the like can refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution.

As used in any aspect herein, an “algorithm” refers to a self-consistent sequence of steps leading to a desired result, where a “step” refers to a manipulation of physical quantities and/or logic states which may, though need not necessarily, take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated. It is common usage to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. These and similar terms may be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities and/or states.

A network may include a packet switched network. The communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using a selected packet switched network communications protocol. One example communications protocol may include an Ethernet communications protocol which may be capable permitting communication using a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). The Ethernet protocol may comply or be compatible with the Ethernet standard published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) titled “IEEE 802.3 Standard”, published in December, 2008 and/or later versions of this standard. Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using an X.25 communications protocol. The X.25 communications protocol may comply or be compatible with a standard promulgated by the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T). Alternatively or additionally, the communication devices may be capable of communicating with each other using a frame relay communications protocol. The frame relay communications protocol may comply or be compatible with a standard promulgated by Consultative Committee for International Telegraph and Telephone (CCITT) and/or the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Alternatively or additionally, the transceivers may be capable of communicating with each other using an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) communications protocol. The ATM communications protocol may comply or be compatible with an ATM standard published by the ATM Forum titled “ATM-MPLS Network Interworking 2.0” published August 2001, and/or later versions of this standard. Of course, different and/or after-developed connection-oriented network communication protocols are equally contemplated herein.

Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the foregoing disclosure, it is appreciated that, throughout the foregoing disclosure, discussions using terms such as “processing,” “computing,” “calculating,” “determining,” “displaying,” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system's registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices.

One or more components may be referred to herein as “configured to,” “configurable to,” “operable/operative to,” “adapted/adaptable,” “able to,” “conformable/conformed to,” etc. Those skilled in the art will recognize that “configured to” can generally encompass active-state components and/or inactive-state components and/or standby-state components, unless context requires otherwise.

The terms “proximal” and “distal” are used herein with reference to a clinician manipulating the handle portion of the surgical instrument. The term “proximal” refers to the portion closest to the clinician and the term “distal” refers to the portion located away from the clinician. It will be further appreciated that, for convenience and clarity, spatial terms such as “vertical”, “horizontal”, “up”, and “down” may be used herein with respect to the drawings. However, surgical instruments are used in many orientations and positions, and these terms are not intended to be limiting and/or absolute.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to claims containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should typically be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations.

In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should typically be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, typically means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that typically a disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms unless context dictates otherwise. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be typically understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”

With respect to the appended claims, those skilled in the art will appreciate that recited operations therein may generally be performed in any order. Also, although various operational flow diagrams are presented in a sequence(s), it should be understood that the various operations may be performed in other orders than those which are illustrated, or may be performed concurrently. Examples of such alternate orderings may include overlapping, interleaved, interrupted, reordered, incremental, preparatory, supplemental, simultaneous, reverse, or other variant orderings, unless context dictates otherwise. Furthermore, terms like “responsive to,” “related to,” or other past-tense adjectives are generally not intended to exclude such variants, unless context dictates otherwise.

It is worthy to note that any reference to “one aspect,” “an aspect,” “an exemplification,” “one exemplification,” and the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the aspect is included in at least one aspect. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one aspect,” “in an aspect,” “in an exemplification,” and “in one exemplification” in various places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same aspect. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more aspects.

Any patent application, patent, non-patent publication, or other disclosure material referred to in this specification and/or listed in any Application Data Sheet is incorporated by reference herein, to the extent that the incorporated materials is not inconsistent herewith. As such, and to the extent necessary, the disclosure as explicitly set forth herein supersedes any conflicting material incorporated herein by reference. Any material, or portion thereof, that is said to be incorporated by reference herein, but which conflicts with existing definitions, statements, or other disclosure material set forth herein will only be incorporated to the extent that no conflict arises between that incorporated material and the existing disclosure material.

In summary, numerous benefits have been described which result from employing the concepts described herein. The foregoing description of the one or more forms has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to the precise form disclosed. Modifications or variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The one or more forms were chosen and described in order to illustrate principles and practical application to thereby enable one of ordinary skill in the art to utilize the various forms and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the claims submitted herewith define the overall scope.

Claims

The invention claimed is:

1. An end-effector, comprising:

a clamp arm; and

an ultrasonic blade configured to acoustically couple to an ultrasonic transducer and to electrically couple to a pole of an electrical generator;

wherein the clamp arm comprises:

a clamp jaw; and

a cantilever electrode configured to electrically couple to an opposite pole of the electrical generator, wherein the cantilever electrode is fixed to a proximal end of the clamp jaw and is free to deflect at a distal end of the clamp jaw, wherein the cantilever electrode comprises a distal conductive element attached to a distal end of the cantilever electrode, wherein the distal conductive element is configured to generate a signal to indicate contact between the distal conductive element and the ultrasonic blade.

2. The end-effector of claim 1, wherein the signal is impedance over time.

3. The end-effector of claim 1, further comprising an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad comprising a plurality of teeth.

4. A surgical instrument, comprising:

a housing;

an ultrasonic transducer;

a control circuit configured to execute logic; and

an end-effector, comprising:

a clamp arm; and

an ultrasonic blade acoustically coupled to the ultrasonic transducer and electrically coupled to a pole of an electrical generator;

wherein the clamp arm comprises:

a clamp jaw;

a cantilever electrode coupled to an opposite pole of the electrical generator, wherein the cantilever electrode is fixed to a proximal end of the clamp jaw and is free to deflect at a distal end of the clamp jaw, wherein the cantilever electrode comprises a distal conductive element attached to a distal end of the cantilever electrode; and

wherein the control circuit is configured to:

detect contact between the distal conductive element and the ultrasonic blade; and

adjust power applied to the ultrasonic blade based on detection of the contact.

5. The surgical instrument of claim 4, further comprising an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad comprising a plurality of teeth.

6. The surgical instrument of claim 4, wherein the control circuit is configured to detect a signal generated by the distal conductive element and reduce power applied to the ultrasonic blade to minimize damage to the electrode and/or the ultrasonic blade.

7. The surgical instrument of claim 4, wherein the control circuit is configured to detect impedance to indicate contact between the ultrasonic blade and the cantilever electrode.

8. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is configured to reduce power applied to the ultrasonic blade based the detected impedance.

9. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein when the detected impedance is above a predefined threshold, the control circuit is configured to apply a power level to the ultrasonic blade optimized for cutting.

10. The surgical instrument of claim 7, wherein when the detected impedance is at or below a predefined threshold, the control circuit is configured to apply a power level to the ultrasonic blade to reduce an amount of time that the ultrasonic blade is active while in contact with the distal conductive element.

11. A surgical instrument, comprising:

a housing;

an ultrasonic transducer; and

an end-effector comprising:

a clamp arm; and

an ultrasonic blade configured to acoustically couple to the ultrasonic transducer and to electrically couple to a pole of an electrical generator; and

wherein the clamp arm comprises:

a clamp jaw; and

a cantilever electrode configured to electrically couple to an opposite pole of the electrical generator, wherein the cantilever electrode is fixed to a proximal end of the clamp jaw and is free to deflect at a distal end of the clamp jaw, wherein the cantilever electrode comprises a distal conductive element attached to a distal end of the cantilever electrode, wherein the distal conductive element is configured to generate a signal to indicate contact between the ultrasonic blade and the distal conductive element.

12. The surgical instrument of claim 11, wherein the signal is impedance over time.

13. The surgical instrument of claim 11, further comprising an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad comprising a plurality of teeth.

14. An end-effector, comprising:

a clamp arm; and

wherein the clamp arm comprises:

a clamp jaw; and

a cantilever electrode configured to electrically couple to an opposite pole of the electrical generator, wherein the cantilever electrode is fixed to a proximal end of the clamp jaw and is free to deflect at a distal end of the clamp jaw, wherein the cantilever electrode comprises a distal conductive element formed on a distal end of the cantilever electrode, wherein the distal conductive element is configured to generate a signal to indicate contact between the distal conductive element and the ultrasonic blade.

15. The end-effector of claim 14, further comprising an electrically non-conductive clamp arm pad comprising a plurality of teeth.