US9361310B1 - Method and system for network user access impersonation for multi-threaded backup applications - Google Patents
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- US9361310B1 US9361310B1 US13/729,301 US201213729301A US9361310B1 US 9361310 B1 US9361310 B1 US 9361310B1 US 201213729301 A US201213729301 A US 201213729301A US 9361310 B1 US9361310 B1 US 9361310B1
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- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/18—File system types
- G06F16/182—Distributed file systems
- G06F16/1824—Distributed file systems implemented using Network-attached Storage [NAS] architecture
- G06F16/1827—Management specifically adapted to NAS
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- a database administrator may restore the database to a previous uncorrupted state that does not include the erroneous data.
- a backup application executes a backup operation either occasionally or continuously to enable this restoration, storing each desired database state (the values of its data and these values' embedding in database's data structures) within dedicated backup files on a storage device.
- the database administrator decides to return a database to a previous state, the database administrator specifies the desired previous state by identifying a desired point in time when the database was in this state, and the backup application executes a restore operation to restore the corresponding backup files for that state to the database.
- a database administrator may reduce the amount of backup data periodically stored to a storage device by configuring the database system to provide an incremental backup, which occurs only when files and directories that are modified after a previous backup is copied from the database's source device to the storage device.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example hardware device in which the subject matter may be implemented
- FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example system for network user access impersonation for multi-threaded backup applications, under an embodiment
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart that illustrates a method of network user access impersonation for multi-threaded backup applications, under an embodiment.
- backup applications may access backup files on storage devices using the standard network file system protocol. While many backup applications execute in the background of a source device as a root user, a network storage device granting access to backup files for any application identified as a root user is undesirable from a security perspective. Therefore, when a backup application requests access to backup files on a secure network storage device, an operating system that is executing the backup application enables the backup application to impersonate a user that has secure access to the requested backup files.
- a first thread of a backup application is about to access a first backup file on a first secure network storage as a first user that has secure access to the first backup file
- a second thread of the backup application requests its host operating system to enable access to a second backup file on a second secure network storage device.
- a backup application component may not execute as a root user if the application component is invoked by an end user or an application service, thereby failing to meet some operating systems' requirement for the backup component to execute as a root user before enabling the component to impersonate a specific user who has the secure access to a specific backup file.
- Embodiments herein enable the correct network user access impersonation for multi-threaded backup applications.
- a backup application receives a first user identity and a second user identity of a set of user identities that correspond to secure backup files.
- the backup application calls a network file system service, which applies the first user identity to a first thread of a backup application, and later applies the second user identity to a second thread of the backup application.
- the backup application can directly apply the network file system protocol to enable specific threads to impersonate specific users, without disruption to unrelated threads and without some operating systems' requirement for a backup application component to execute as a root user, by removing the call to the network file system service from the backup application's host operating system.
- the network file system service enables the first thread to access a first backup file on a first network storage device based on the first user identity, and enables the second thread to access a second backup file on a second storage device based on the second user identity, thereby enabling the correct network user access impersonation for multi-threaded backup applications.
- an exemplary hardware device in which the subject matter may be implemented shall first be described. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the elements illustrated in FIG. 1 may vary depending on the system implementation.
- an exemplary system for implementing the subject matter disclosed herein includes a hardware device 100 , including a processing unit 102 , memory 104 , storage 106 , data entry module 108 , display adapter 110 , communication interface 112 , and a bus 114 that couples elements 104 - 112 to the processing unit 102 .
- the bus 114 may comprise any type of bus architecture. Examples include a memory bus, a peripheral bus, a local bus, etc.
- the processing unit 102 is an instruction execution machine, apparatus, or device and may comprise a microprocessor, a digital signal processor, a graphics processing unit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.
- the processing unit 102 may be configured to execute program instructions stored in memory 104 and/or storage 106 and/or received via data entry module 108 .
- the memory 104 may include read only memory (ROM) 116 and random access memory (RAM) 118 .
- Memory 104 may be configured to store program instructions and data during operation of device 100 .
- memory 104 may include any of a variety of memory technologies such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic RAM (DRAM), including variants such as dual data rate synchronous DRAM (DDR SDRAM), error correcting code synchronous DRAM (ECC SDRAM), or RAMBUS DRAM (RDRAM), for example.
- SRAM static random access memory
- DRAM dynamic RAM
- DRAM dynamic RAM
- ECC SDRAM error correcting code synchronous DRAM
- RDRAM RAMBUS DRAM
- Memory 104 may also include nonvolatile memory technologies such as nonvolatile flash RAM (NVRAM) or ROM.
- NVRAM nonvolatile flash RAM
- NVRAM nonvolatile flash RAM
- ROM basic input/output system
- BIOS basic input/output system
- the storage 106 may include a flash memory data storage device for reading from and writing to flash memory, a hard disk drive for reading from and writing to a hard disk, a magnetic disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable magnetic disk, and/or an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable optical disk such as a CD ROM, DVD or other optical media.
- the drives and their associated computer-readable media provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the hardware device 100 .
- the methods described herein can be embodied in executable instructions stored in a computer readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution machine, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based or processor-containing machine, apparatus, or device. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that for some embodiments, other types of computer readable media may be used which can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, RAM, ROM, and the like may also be used in the exemplary operating environment.
- a “computer-readable medium” can include one or more of any suitable media for storing the executable instructions of a computer program in one or more of an electronic, magnetic, optical, and electromagnetic format, such that the instruction execution machine, system, apparatus, or device can read (or fetch) the instructions from the computer readable medium and execute the instructions for carrying out the described methods.
- a non-exhaustive list of conventional exemplary computer readable medium includes: a portable computer diskette; a RAM; a ROM; an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or flash memory); optical storage devices, including a portable compact disc (CD), a portable digital video disc (DVD), a high definition DVD (HD-DVDTM), a BLU-RAY disc; and the like.
- a number of program modules may be stored on the storage 106 , ROM 116 or RAM 118 , including an operating system 122 , one or more applications programs 124 , program data 126 , and other program modules 128 .
- a user may enter commands and information into the hardware device 100 through data entry module 108 .
- Data entry module 108 may include mechanisms such as a keyboard, a touch screen, a pointing device, etc.
- Other external input devices (not shown) are connected to the hardware device 100 via external data entry interface 130 .
- external input devices may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, or the like.
- external input devices may include video or audio input devices such as a video camera, a still camera, etc.
- Data entry module 108 may be configured to receive input from one or more users of device 100 and to deliver such input to processing unit 102 and/or memory 104 via bus 114 .
- a display 132 is also connected to the bus 114 via display adapter 110 .
- Display 132 may be configured to display output of device 100 to one or more users.
- a given device such as a touch screen, for example, may function as both data entry module 108 and display 132 .
- External display devices may also be connected to the bus 114 via external display interface 134 .
- Other peripheral output devices not shown, such as speakers and printers, may be connected to the hardware device 100 .
- the hardware device 100 may operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote nodes (not shown) via communication interface 112 .
- the remote node may be another computer, a server, a router, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the hardware device 100 .
- the communication interface 112 may interface with a wireless network and/or a wired network. Examples of wireless networks include, for example, a BLUETOOTH network, a wireless personal area network, a wireless 802.11 local area network (LAN), and/or wireless telephony network (e.g., a cellular, PCS, or GSM network).
- wireless networks include, for example, a BLUETOOTH network, a wireless personal area network, a wireless 802.11 local area network (LAN), and/or wireless telephony network (e.g., a cellular, PCS, or GSM network).
- wired networks include, for example, a LAN, a fiber optic network, a wired personal area network, a telephony network, and/or a wide area network (WAN).
- WAN wide area network
- communication interface 112 may include logic configured to support direct memory access (DMA) transfers between memory 104 and other devices.
- DMA direct memory access
- program modules depicted relative to the hardware device 100 may be stored in a remote storage device, such as, for example, on a server. It will be appreciated that other hardware and/or software to establish a communications link between the hardware device 100 and other devices may be used.
- At least one component defined by the claims is implemented at least partially as an electronic hardware component, such as an instruction execution machine (e.g., a processor-based or processor-containing machine) and/or as specialized circuits or circuitry (e.g., discrete logic gates interconnected to perform a specialized function), such as those illustrated in FIG. 1 .
- Other components may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, some or all of these other components may be combined, some may be omitted altogether, and additional components can be added while still achieving the functionality described herein.
- the subject matter described herein can be embodied in many different variations, and all such variations are contemplated to be within the scope of what is claimed.
- the computer system 100 includes one or more methods for network user access impersonation for multi-threaded backup applications.
- network user access impersonation creates issues for multi-threaded backup applications because some operating systems force every thread of the backup application to impersonate the same user.
- a backup application component may not execute as a root user, thereby failing to meet some operating system's requirement for the backup component to execute as a root user before enabling the component to impersonate a specific user who has the secure access to a specific backup file.
- Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a backup application that directly applies the network file system protocol to enable specific threads to impersonate specific users, without disruption to unrelated threads and without some operating systems' requirement for a backup application component to execute as a root user, by removing the call to the network file system service from the backup application's host operating system.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a system that implements network user access impersonation for multi-threaded backup applications, under an embodiment.
- system 200 may illustrate a cloud computing environment in which data, applications, services, and other resources are stored and delivered through shared data-centers and appear as a single point of access for the users.
- the system 200 may also represent any other type of distributed computer network environment in which servers control the storage and distribution of resources and services for different client users.
- the system 200 represents a cloud computing system that includes a client 202 , and a server 204 that is provided by a hosting company.
- the client 202 and the server 204 communicate with a network storage device 206 via a network 208 .
- the client 202 includes a backup application 210 , which includes a first thread 212 and a second thread 214 , a set of user identities 216 , which includes a first user identity 218 and a second user identify 220 , and a network file system service 222 .
- the storage device 212 includes a first backup file 224 and a second backup file 226 .
- the system 200 depicts the system 200 with one client 202 , one server 204 , one network storage device 206 , one network 208 , one backup application 210 , two threads 212 - 214 , one set of user identities 216 , two user identities 218 - 220 , one network file system service 222 , and two backup files 224 - 226
- the system 200 may include any number of clients 202 , servers 204 , network storages devices 206 , networks 208 , backup applications 210 , threads 212 - 214 , sets of user identities 216 , user identities 218 - 220 , network file system services 222 , and backup files 224 - 226 .
- the client 202 and the server 204 may each be substantially similar to the system 100 depicted in FIG. 1 .
- the functioning of the system 200 may be illustrated by the following example in which an end user instructs the backup application 210 to execute a restore operation to restore the most current backup data to the client 202 , in which some of the backup data is needed from the prior week's full backup of data and some of the backup data is needed from more recent incremental backup data.
- a separate thread is used to restore data from each data component simultaneously.
- the purpose of using multiple threads is to perform tasks concurrently, as it is common or desirable to perform concurrent backup or restore tasks.
- Such a combination of actions would create problems in the prior art if the two different backup files are only accessible by two different user identities and the host operating system for the backup application 210 forces every thread of the backup application 210 to impersonate the same user identity. Each user identity may provide access to a different storage device.
- a backup application receives a first user identity and a second user identity of a set of user identities.
- the backup application 210 receives the first user identity 218 , which is the backup application's service identity that enables access to the first backup file 224 , the prior week's state of the backup data, and the second user identity 220 , which is the backup application's service identity that enables access to the second backup file 226 , the incremental backup data.
- the set of user identities 216 may include a user identity for each backup file stored by each network storage device accessible by the backup application 210 .
- a backup application calls a network file system service.
- the backup application 210 calls the network file system service 222 based on a first request from the first thread 212 to restore data from the first backup file 224 , the prior week's full backup of the data, and then later a second request from the second thread 214 to restore data from the second backup file 226 , the incremental backup data, to the client 202 .
- Calling the network file system service 222 may be accomplished by executing a remote procedure call to a network file system server via a network file system library.
- Maintenance of the backup application 210 is simplified by implementing the relevant code in a network file system library, avoiding impact to the program code of the backup application 210 in other areas.
- a network file system service applies a first user identity to a first thread of a set of threads of a backup application.
- the network file system service 222 applies the first user identity 218 , which is the backup application's service identity that enables access to the first backup file 224 , the prior week's full backup of the data, to the first thread 212 , which is requesting to restore the backup of files and directories that were modified in the client 202 before the prior week's backup was copied from the client 202 to the first backup file 224 .
- a network file system service applies a second user identity to a second thread of a set of threads of a backup application.
- the network file system service 222 applies the second user identity 220 , which is the backup application's service identity that enables access to the second backup file 226 , the incremental backup data that was modified in the client 202 after the prior week's full backup was copied, to the second thread 214 , which is requesting a restore operation to restore the second backup file 226 to the client 202 .
- a network file system service enables a first thread to access a first backup file on a first network storage device based on a first user identity.
- the network file system service 222 enables the first thread 212 , which is requesting to restore the prior week's full backup of files and directories that were modified in the client 202 before the prior week's full backup was copied from the client 202 to the first backup file 224 , to access the first backup file 224 , the prior week's full backup of the data in the client 202 , based on the first user identity 218 , which is the backup application's first service identity.
- the first thread 212 continues to impersonate the first user identity 218 , which is the backup application's first service identity, even if the network file system service 222 applies the second user identity 220 , to the second thread 214 before the first thread 212 accesses the first backup file 224 .
- the backup application 210 can directly apply the network file system protocol to enable specific threads to impersonate specific users, without disruption to unrelated threads, by removing the call to the network file system service 222 from the operating system for the backup application 210 .
- a network file system service enables a second thread to access a second backup file on a second network storage device based on a second user identity.
- the network file system service 222 enables the second thread 214 , which is requesting a restore operation to restore the second backup file 226 to the client 202 , to access the second backup file 226 , the incremental backup data which was modified in the client 202 after the prior week's full backup was copied, based on the second user identity 220 , which is the backup application's second service identity.
- the first network storage device may be the same as the second network storage device, or different from the second network storage device.
- the first backup file 224 and the second backup file 226 may be stored on the same network storage device 206 or stored on multiple network storage devices (not depicted in FIG. 2 ).
- Enabling access to the first backup file 224 and/or the second backup file 224 may include enabling a source device to directly access files via the network storage device 206 .
- Direct file access enables source devices, such as the client 202 , to bypass communication of backup data through an intermediate server, such as the server 204 , to and from a storage device, such as the network storage device 206 , by enabling the source devices to communicate backup data directly to and from the storage device without communicating the backup data through the intermediate server.
- Embedded support of the network file system protocol establishes the system 200 as platform independent, allowing the use of network file system-based storage even when the host operating system for the backup application 210 does not provide network file system client services.
- the backup application 210 can directly apply the network file system protocol to enable specific threads to impersonate specific users, without disruption to unrelated threads and without some operating systems' requirement for a backup application component to execute as a root user, by removing a call to the network file system service 222 from the operating system for the backup application 210 .
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart that illustrates a method of network user access impersonation for multi-threaded backup applications.
- Flowchart 300 illustrates method acts illustrated as flowchart blocks for certain steps involved in and/or between the client 202 and/or the server 204 of FIG. 2 .
- a backup application receives a first user identity and a second user identity of a set of user identities, act 302 .
- the backup application 210 receives the first user identity 218 , which is the backup application's service identity that enables access to the first backup file 224
- the second user identity 220 which is the backup application's service identity that enables access to the second backup file 226 .
- a backup application calls a network file system service, act 304 .
- the backup application 210 calls the network file system service 222 based on a first request from the first thread 212 to restore data from the prior week's full backup of files and directories from the first backup file 224 , and then later a second request from the second thread 214 to restore data from the subsequent incremental backup of files and directories from the second backup file 226 to the client 202 .
- a network file system service applies a first user identity to a first thread of a set of threads of a backup application, act 306 .
- the network file system service 222 applies the first user identity 218 to the first thread 212 , which is requesting to restore data from the prior week's full backup of files and directories from the first backup file 224 , the prior week's state of data in the client 202 .
- a network file system service applies a second user identity to a second thread of a set of threads of a backup application, act 308 .
- the network file system service 222 applies the second user identity 220 to the second thread 214 , which is requesting a restore operation to restore the second backup file 226 , the incremental changes to data in the client 202 since a specific point in time last week, to the client 202 .
- a network file system service enables a first thread to access a first backup file on a first network storage device based on a first user identity, act 310 .
- the network file system service 222 enables the first thread 212 to access the first backup file 224 , the prior week's full backup of data in the client 202 , based on the first user identity 218 , which is the backup application's first service identity.
- a network file system service enables a second thread to access a second backup file on a second network storage device based on a second user identity, act 312 .
- the network file system service 222 enables the second thread 214 to access the second backup file 226 based on the second user identity 220 , which is the backup application's second service identity.
- FIG. 3 depicts the acts 302 - 312 occurring in a specific order, the acts 302 - 312 may occur in another order.
- Embodiments herein provide a backup application that directly applies the network file system protocol to enable specific threads to impersonate specific users, without disruption to unrelated threads and without some operating systems' requirement for a backup application component to execute as a root user, by removing the call to the network file system service from the backup application's host operating system,
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